Zeilhard
Zeilhard
City of Reinheim
Coordinates: 49 ° 50 ′ 34 ″ N , 8 ° 47 ′ 30 ″ E
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Height : | 186 m above sea level NHN |
Area : | 3.65 km² |
Residents : | 1994 (December 31, 2017) |
Population density : | 546 inhabitants / km² |
Incorporation : | December 31, 1971 |
Postal code : | 64354 |
Area code : | 06162 |
Districts of Reinheim; Zeilhard in red
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View from the north-west of Zeilhard
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Zeilhard is a district of Reinheim in the Darmstadt-Dieburg district in southern Hesse .
Geographical location
Zeilhard is located on the western edge of a fertile and woodless loess area that extends to Groß-Umstadt . The location is around three and a half kilometers from the Gersprenz and lies with large new development areas mainly north of the Zeilharder Bach , a left western tributary of the Gersprenz, whose lower course is known as the Hirschbach . The old village center with the main street and the lower Dilshofer street is on the southern right side of the brook. One kilometer south of Zeilhard, the hamlet of Dilshofen am Dilsbach, with its fields, forms the southern part of the district.
Zeilhard has grown together in the east with the Georgenhausen district and borders in the north on the area of Groß -zimmer , in the north-west on Roßdorf , in the west on Ober-Ramstadt , in the south on the Reinheim district and in the south-east and on the Spachbrücken district .
As of 1961, the Zeilhard district covered an area of 365 hectares. In 1961, 53 hectares were considered forested. Since there is no forest near Zeilhard, the place had a share in the Dieburger Mark . All communities that originally belonged to Dieburger (Wald-) Mark used the forest area west of Dieburg on a cooperative basis until 1812. Extraction of firewood and construction timber, of tanneries and charcoal, as well as forest pasture, clearing and renaturation as well as all disputes were settled on a Märkerding that met in the open air near Dieburg, to which every local family sent a representative (Märker) and which was under the patronage of Archbishop of Mainz stood. In 1812 the cooperative was dissolved and the forest was divided among the participating communities depending on the number of Märker. Georgenhausen, for example, provided 46 Märker and received 319 acres (around 40 hectares) of community forest, similar to Zeilhard and Klein -zimmer. The other market communities were larger and got larger areas. For Zeilhard it was corridor 3 of the Zeilharder Wald district , an exclave north of the Zeilhard district, which was incorporated into the Messel community in 1977, when Zeilhard was already a district of Reinheim .
history
The oldest date in the history of the village of Zeilhard is mentioned on May 17, 1323 in the feudal letter from Abbot Heinrich von Fulda to Ulrich von Bickenbach as Zylhart .
It used to be believed that the place name in the spelling Zygelhard , which was proven two years later, was derived from brick and hard (= mountain) and indicated that there was a brick factory in Zeilhard (on Dilshofer Strasse). Clay layers lie on the earth's surface at various points, which are clearly visible in the yellow loess area and are included in the street names Auf der Rote Erde and In den Rödern . But the documents that talk about Zygelhard all come from Bergstrasse notaries who wrote by ear, while the Fulder and Erbach notaries, who could certainly fall back on older documents and had to know, wrote Zylhard (with a long i). The Bergstrasse charterer from 1325 considered the name Zielhard, which he heard, to be a dialectic short form (like Håzem instead of Habitzheim) and believed he was right if he wrote Zygelhard instead.
In Middle High German there are the words zil (thorn bush) and zile (line, row, alley) - that would be conceivable for naming a place. But maybe there is a Celtic word behind it, like Welsh cymr. tyle (slope, hill). Hard was wasteland on the edge of the district that could only be used as pastureland because of the great distances. In the High Middle Ages, when more arable land was needed, new settlements began to be established on these edges and the wasteland was taken under the plow. Typical names for it are Hagen (Hain, Hahn) and Hard.
In the historical documents, the place is documented over the centuries with changing spellings (the year of mention in brackets): Zygelhard (1325); Zygelhard (1345); Czilehart (1347); Zygelhart (1354); Zigelhart (1380-1388); Zilhart (1397, 1407, 1586); Zylhart (1429); Zylchart (1443); Zielhart (1491); Zeilhardt (1580); Zeyler district (1581).
The villages of Zeilhard, Spachbrücken and Habitzheim an der Schenken zu Erbach came via hereditary path . This rule did not last long. In 1528 the Erbachers, who were feudal lords of the Count Palatine , including Zeilhard, sold for 9,000 guilders to the Counts of Wertheim . Georg II von Wertheim carried out the Reformation in his area in 1525 . The new rule, which took the name Löwenstein in 1581, converted to Catholicism again in 1621. Before this change of faith, the Thirty Years War began . Since the Löwensteiner fought on the side of the Evangelicals, he was one of the losers. His possessions, including those in Zeilhard, were confiscated and given to the Vice-President of the Reichshofrat, Baron von Strahlendorf. This sold the Habitzheim rule to the Darmstadt Landgrave . After the war she returned to Löwenstein in 1649.
The Thirty Years War brought bad times for Zeilhard. Soon after the beginning of the war, many fled to Reinheim, which was then fortified, for fear of the Mansfeld soldiers. The plague reached the district in 1635 , followed by a two-year famine. In 1657 the village was completely uninhabited. But it did not fall desolate like so many villages and hamlets in the area. The times of the Bickenbach Bailiwick and later that of Erbach and Löwenstein-Wertheim were marked by tense legal uncertainties in some questions of territorial rule, which resulted in multiple military deployments:
- Zeilhard formed together with Spachbrücken its own local court and thus a political municipality. The mayor , who was at the top, was appointed by the respective bailiff . Of the seven jurors who stood by his side, one had to be from Zeilhard.
- The central school was superordinate and responsible for the central rule . Zeilhard and Spachbrücken also had this in common.
- Since the Bavarian feud in 1504, the Palatinate and Hesse mixed into the central rule.
In the peace at Luneville the Umstädter central rule went to Hesse. The Palatinate had thus lost its claim. Through the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of February 25, 1803, Hesse gradually gained control of the area. From 1806 onwards, political power over Zeilhard was in the hands of the [[Grand Duchy of Hesse | Grand Duke]].
The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Zeilhard in 1829:
»Zeilhardt (L. Bez. Reinheim) Lutheran Filialdorf; is 3 ⁄ 4 St. from Reinheim, and has 47 houses and 281 inhabitants, the other 5 Cath., 1 Reform. and 12 Jews are Lutheran. - This village was a part of Habizheim Castle, which the Lords of Bickenbach had acquired as a fief of Fulda. With this castle the place became Palatinate and the Erbachers, who had subsequently acquired the castle, now carried Zeilhardt von Pfalz as a fief. But since Erbach gradually sold these possessions, parts also came to the Counts of Löwenstein. In 1802 the Palatinate share came with Umstadt and in 1805 the Löwensteinian Vogteirecht was transferred to Hesse. It is very likely that Zeilhardt used to be a branch of Dieburg. "
In terms of church, Zeilhard has belonged to Georgenhausen at least since the time of the Reformation. Since 1968 this has also been expressed in the parish's double name "Evangelical Church Community Georgenhausen / Zeilhard". In the Middle Ages, the Zeilharders probably went to church in Rossdorf. There is no evidence for this. The only indication is that the Zeilharder had to pay taxes to the Rossdörfer parish in the 19th century. Georgenhausen, on the other hand, was a separate branch of the Dieburg parish in the Middle Ages; a separate chaplain was assigned to the Georgenhausen Church.
There have always been Catholics in Zeilhard. Around 1700 they were apparently assigned to the evangelical pastor of Georgenhausen and were baptized, married and buried by him. Later they were affiliated with the Catholic parish of Groß -zimmer and, since 1919, with the parish of Reinheim, which has had its own pastor since 1954.
Zeilhard also shared the school with Georgenhausen (in the forerunner of today's parish hall). In 1787 the community got its own teacher, Johann Heinrich Mohr, who held his lessons in Zeilhard. Nothing is known about the first school building. Since 1828, lessons have taken place in an old farmhouse at Hauptstraße 23, which was replaced by the current building in 1864. As it soon became too small, the community built a new schoolhouse in Schulstrasse in 1905, which also housed the mayor's office. This school was in service until the Hirschbach School was established in 1957. Since 1967, the upper classes have been attending the Dr. Kurt Schumacher School in Reinheim.
In the run-up to the regional reform in Hesse , the municipality of Zeilhard merged with other municipalities on December 31, 1971 to form the city of Reinheim. For the districts of Georgenhausen and Zeilhard, a joint local district with a local advisory board and mayor was set up according to the Hessian municipal code.
Territorial history and administration
The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Zeilhard was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:
- before 1323: Holy Roman Empire , Umstadt district ( condominium ), Habitzheim office of the Fulda monastery
- from 1323: Holy Roman Empire, district Umstadt, Habitzheim office to the Lords of Bickenbach
- from 1360: Holy Roman Empire, Umstadt district, Habitzheim office (Bickenbach rights go to the Erbach taverns )
- from 1390: Holy Roman Empire, Electoral Palatinate (through purchase; pledged to Hanau until 1427 ), district of Umstadt, Habitzheim office
- from 1504: Holy Roman Empire, district of Umstadt (Kurpfalz and Landgraviate of Hesse each half), Habitzheim office
- 1567–1803: Hessian part temporarily divided between Landgraviate Hessen-Kassel , Landgraviate Hessen-Darmstadt and Hessen-Rheinfels
- from 1528: Holy Roman Empire, district of Umstadt, Habitzheim office as a fief to the Lords of Löwenstein-Wertheim
- from 1803: Holy Roman Empire, Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt (by Reichsdeputationshauptschluss ), Zent Umstadt, Amt Habitzheim (the Lords of Löwenstein-Wertheim)
- from 1805: Holy Roman Empire, Landgraviate Hessen-Darmstadt (through exchange), Principality of Starkenburg , Lichtenberg Office
- from 1806: Grand Duchy of Hesse , Principality of Starkenburg, Principality of Starkenburg, Lichtenberg Office
- from 1815: German Confederation , Grand Duchy of Hesse, Starkenburg Province , Lichtenberg Office (Reinheim Justice Office)
- from 1821: German Confederation, Grand Duchy of Hesse, Starkenburg Province, Reinheim District District (separation between justice ( Lichtenberg District Court ) and administration)
- from 1832: German Confederation, Grand Duchy of Hesse, Province of Starkenburg, District of Dieburg
- from 1848: German Confederation, Grand Duchy of Hesse, Dieburg administrative region
- from 1852: German Confederation, Grand Duchy of Hesse, Province of Starkenburg, District of Dieburg
- from 1866: Grand Duchy of Hesse, Province of Starkenburg, District of Dieburg
- from 1871: German Empire , Grand Duchy of Hesse, Province of Starkenburg, District of Dieburg
- from 1918: German Empire, People's State of Hesse , Starkenburg Province, Dieburg District
- from 1938: German Empire, People's State of Hesse, District of Dieburg (In the course of the regional reform in 1938 , the three Hessian provinces of Starkenburg, Rheinhessen and Upper Hesse were dissolved.)
- from 1945: American occupation zone , Greater Hesse , Darmstadt administrative region, Dieburg district
- from 1949: Federal Republic of Germany , State of Hesse , Darmstadt administrative district, Dieburg district
- on December 31, 1971 to the city of Reinheim
- from 1977: Federal Republic of Germany, State of Hesse, administrative district Darmstadt, administrative district Darmstadt-Dieburg in which the administrative districts of Dieburg and Darmstadt were dissolved in the course of the regional reform in Hesse .
Population development
• 1633: | 45 inhabitants |
• 1695: | 35 inhabitants |
• 1829: | 281 inhabitants, 47 houses |
• 1867: | 358 inhabitants, 53 houses |
Zeilhard: Population from 1829 to 2015 | ||||
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year | Residents | |||
1829 | 281 | |||
1834 | 291 | |||
1840 | 344 | |||
1846 | 380 | |||
1852 | 410 | |||
1858 | 409 | |||
1864 | 348 | |||
1871 | 363 | |||
1875 | 370 | |||
1885 | 403 | |||
1895 | 412 | |||
1905 | 491 | |||
1910 | 548 | |||
1925 | 616 | |||
1939 | 652 | |||
1946 | 873 | |||
1950 | 832 | |||
1956 | 817 | |||
1961 | 833 | |||
1967 | 1,057 | |||
1970 | 1,051 | |||
1981 | 2,267 | |||
1990 | ? | |||
2003 | 2,471 | |||
2011 | 1,986 | |||
2015 | 2,204 | |||
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968. Further sources:; City of Reinheim: 2015 ; 2011 census |
Religious affiliation
• 1829: | 263 Lutheran (= 93.59%), one Reformed (= 0.336%), 12 Jewish (= 4.27%) and 5 Catholic (= 1.78%) residents |
• 1961: | 724 Lutheran (= 86.91%), 59 Roman Catholic (= 10.68%) inhabitants |
Dilshofen
The example of the hamlet of Dilshofen with three farms and four residential buildings shows the territorial fragmentation still today. The western court belongs to Ober-Ramstadt , the rest of the place to Zeilhard. Until 1977, the district border between Darmstadt and Dieburg ran right through the Hofstätten. She even went through the former Haxthausensche Hofhaus. The agricultural estate Dilshof appears for the first time on documents in 1338 as Wildhube in the Bannwald Dreieich, which was an imperial fiefdom of the Vogt zu Münzenberg . 1454 is a Heylle Dyelßhoiffer called a Bede of 6 shillings paid for a garden. The neighboring Hofgut Dielsheim has always been a Darmstadt fief.
Hair village
The term hair is the popular name for pagans . The vernacular meant primarily the gypsies . Gypsies used to be called members of a nomadic tribe who came to Europe from the Indo-Persian region via the Balkans around 1100. There is no parish in Zeilhard. Tradition speaks of Zeilhard striving for independence. But this required a certain number of inhabitants. Around this time, the Eckstein Catholic Sinti family, who had just moved into their winter quarters in Zeilhard, had a boy, which meant that the desired number of inhabitants had been reached and Zeilhard had achieved political independence. As a thank you, the Eckstein family was granted the right to regular winter quarters.
The fact is that Franz Joseph Eckstein, born in Zeilhard in 1801, was listed as a new local citizen at his wedding on September 27, 1833. He was a showman and trader by profession. Behind it was a puppeteer, musician and tightrope walker. As such, he was dependent on the life of a farmer. This is how Zeilhard became the country driver or “hair” village. The secret hymn is the gypsy song .
Bumper ball village
Since 1928 is in Zeilhard proven Prellball played, so the TV Zeilhard acted as a pioneer in the Hessen region in this team sport. The teams have won countless championships over the years, most recently the German championship in 2003 (with the team Marcel Hörbert, Stefan Lassig, Kay Schuchmann, Daniel Weber and Markus Wohlfahrt).
politics
For Georgenhausen and Zeilhard there is a local district (areas of the former communities Georgenhausen and Zeilhard) with a local advisory board and local head according to the Hessian municipal code . The local advisory board consists of seven members. Since the local elections in 2016, he has three members of the SPD , one member of the CDU , one member of the Reinheim Free Voting Community, one member of the Reinheimer Kreis voter community and one member of Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen . Mayor is Hartmut Poth (SPD).
Regular events
- May: Zeilharder Touristik Triathlon
- Last weekend in August: curb
Natural monuments
In the Zeilhard district, east of the hamlet of Dilshofen, lies the extensive natural monument " Loess wall on the footpath from Georgenhausen-Zeilhard station ", a semi -arid lawn with rare plants.
traffic
The federal highway 38 leads past the northern edge of Zeilhard. The district roads K 129 and K 130 ensure the connection to the federal highway and to the neighboring town of Georgenhausen .
Until 1979 there was the Zeilhard stop of the Odenwaldbahn near Dilshofen , which was presumably opened on May 15, 1871 and closed again in 1979, at a distance of 20.90 km between the Reinheim and Ober-Ramstadt stations.
Web links
- Reinheim and its districts. In: website of the city of Reinheim.
- History of the Zeilhard district. In: website. City of Reinheim, archived from the original on March 5, 2016 ; Retrieved November 19, 2016 .
- Zeilhard, Darmstadt-Dieburg district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
- Literature on Zeilhard in the Hessian Bibliography
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g Zeilhard, Darmstadt-Dieburg district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of June 8, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
- ↑ Current figures at a glance. In: Internet presence of the city of Reinheim. Accessed June 2019 .
- ↑ Tischner, Heinrich: Updated new version of my essay in Reinheimer Contributions 5 (1993). The community of Georgenhausen
- ↑ Law on the reorganization of the districts of Darmstadt and Dieburg and the city of Darmstadt (GVBl. II No. 330–334) of July 26, 1974 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 22 , p. 318 ff ., § 13 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 1.5 MB ]).
- ^ A b c d e Heinrich Tischner: History of Zeilhard. In: www.heinrich-tischner.de. Accessed June 2019 .
- ^ A b c Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg . tape 1 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt October 1829, OCLC 312528080 , p. 267 ( online at google books ).
- ↑ a b main statute. (PDF; 162 kB) §; 6. In: Website. City of Reinheim, accessed June 2019 .
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 1 . Großherzoglicher Staatsverlag, Darmstadt 1862, DNB 013163434 , OCLC 894925483 , p. 43 ff . ( Online at google books ).
- ^ Ph. AF Walther : Alphabetical index of the residential places in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1869, OCLC 162355422 , p. 96 ( online at google books ).
- ↑ Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. In: 2011 census . Hessian State Statistical Office
- ↑ Karl E. Demandt: Regesten der Graf von Katzenelnbogen. No. 6096/26 from 1454.
- ↑ Tischner, Heinrich; Heimatbuch Georgenhausen, Zeilhard, Dilshofen; Lokay Druck, Georgenhausen, 1982.
- ↑ Wolfgang Barth In: 675 years Zeilhard. Zeilhard 1998, OCLC 712594958 .
- ^ History of the gymnastics club 1913 Zeilhard e. V. ( Memento of April 7, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) accessed on November 22, 2009.
- ^ Georgenhausen-Zeilhard local advisory board. In: website. City of Reinheim, accessed November 2019 .
- ↑ Darmstädter Echo , Friday, August 28, 2015, p. 19
- ^ Zeilhard train station. In: Private website for the Odenwaldbahn. Archived from the original on September 27, 2008 ; Retrieved November 18, 2016 .