Heubach (Odenwald)

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Heubach
City of Groß-Umstadt
Heubach coat of arms
Coordinates: 49 ° 50 ′ 30 ″  N , 8 ° 57 ′ 52 ″  E
Height : 183 m above sea level NHN
Area : 8.96 km²
Residents : 1765  (Dec 2016)
Population density : 197 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : January 1, 1977
Postal code : 64823
Area code : 06078
map
Location of Heubach in Groß-Umstadt

Heubach is a district of the city of Groß-Umstadt in the southern Hessian district of Darmstadt-Dieburg .

geography

Heubach is located in the northern part of the Bergstrasse / Odenwald nature park, 1500 meters east of the Bundesstrasse 45 (Alpine-Baltic Sea holiday route), embedded in a romantic side valley of the Odenwald . Like the other communities that surround the medieval town of Groß-Umstadt and were incorporated in 1977, the historic location is quiet and idyllic, and in recent years has attracted new residents who previously lived in one of the large cities in the greater Frankfurt area. The name Heubach has nothing to do with the word hay , but with today's word Hain (small forest) and means a little wood by the stream .

history

Local coat of arms from the early 19th century
Half-timbered houses on the market square
The market square with the village fountain
The little Lutheran church

The oldest traces of human settlement in the region are early Stone Age excavations near Groß-Umstadt. From the Neolithic Age , finds by cord ceramists in burial mounds in the Groß-Umstadt area, but also barrows from the vicinity of Heubach, date back to . There are also finds from the Bronze Age and traces of the Celts and Romans in the area. After hard fighting, the Roman legions had to cede the region between the Rhine and Main to the Alemanni around AD 260 , who gave the Odenwald its name after their highest god Odin . They are defeated by the Franks in the 5th century, of which graves in Groß-Umstadt testify. Under their Prince Clovis, who ruled between 481 and 511, all inhabitants of the Franconian Empire and also the people of Heubach became Christian. The Carolingian prince Pippin, father of Charlemagne, donated the Umstädter Mark and with it Heubach to the Fulda monastery in 766 .

Between 1100 and 1200 the first stone church was built in Heubach, the predecessor of today's Evangelical Reformed church on the market square, and the castles Breuberg (8 kilometers from Heubach) and Otzberg (four kilometers away) were built. The place is first mentioned in writing in 1303, in a land purchase agreement between a citizen of Heubach and the Höchst monastery in the Odenwald . The community was owned by the Lords of Bickenbach until 1399 , after which it was owned by the Electorate of the Palatinate until 1803 , when it was awarded to the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt by the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of 25 February 1803 . With the rest of the Electoral Palatinate, Heubach became Protestant in the middle of the 16th century and suffered destruction, epidemics and death during the Thirty Years' War . At the end of the war in 1648, Heubach only had three residents. After the devastating war, the Electoral Palatinate pursued a policy of resettlement in its area characterized by religious tolerance. But the wars that broke out in the troubled times that followed, such as the War of the Palatinate Succession (1688–1697) and the War of Spanish Succession (1701–1714) destroyed many of the efforts and tens of thousands of Palatine emigrated and the like. a. to North America and Prussia.

From a religious point of view, too, the time after the Thirty Years' War was marked by great unrest. In 1685 the Reformed Palatinate-Simmern line died out and the Catholic cousins ​​of the Palatinate-Neuburg line took over the government in the Electoral Palatinate with Elector Philipp Wilhelm . This ordered the equality of the Catholic faith in the predominantly Protestant Palatinate. Even during the War of the Palatinate Succession, France tried to advance the Counter-Reformation in the conquered areas and founded a number of Catholic parishes. The war ended in 1697 with the Peace of Rijswijk , which strengthened the position of the then reigning Catholic Elector Johann Wilhelm . This led to the decree of the Simultaneum on October 26, 1698 . According to this, the Catholics were entitled to use all reformed institutions such as churches, schools and cemeteries, while the reverse was not allowed. Furthermore, the reformed church administration, which had been independent until then, was subordinated to the sovereign. Only at the instigation of Prussia in 1705 came the so-called Palatinate church division in which the simultanum was reversed and the churches in the country, including rectories and schools, were divided between the Reformed and the Catholics in a ratio of five to two. There were special regulations for the three capitals Heidelberg , Mannheim and Frankenthal as well as the regional authorities Alzey , Kaiserslautern , Oppenheim , Bacharach and Weinheim . In cities with two churches, one should go to Protestants and the other to Catholics; in the others, where there was only one church, the choir was separated from the nave by a wall, and the one to the Catholics and the other to the Protestants. The Lutherans were only allowed those churches that they owned in 1624 or had built afterwards.

In 1702 the Catholic parish of Heubachs can be rebuilt, and by 1759 the Evangelical Reformed and Lutheran congregations each build a new church and school. In 1806, under pressure from Napoléon Bonaparte, the Grand Duchy of Hesse was created , to which Heubach also belonged and in which it was known as the “poorest village of the Grand Duke”.

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Heubach in 1829:

»Heubach (L. Bez. Dieburg) luth., Reform., And cath. Branch village; also Pfalzheubach: lies on the Richenbach, 3 St. from Dieburg and 1 St. from Umstadt. The place has 154 houses and 916 inhabitants, of which 237 are Lutheran and 434 are Reform. and 245 Cath .; 2 churches, of which the smaller one, completed in 1755, is shared by the Lutherans, the other, the Bartholomäuskirche, is common to the two other confessions, then 2 grinding mills and a quarry of extremely good red sandstones that are hewn. - Ruprecht III. Johann von Bickenbach from the Palatinate bought this place in 1399, and in 1802 it came from the Palatinate to Hesse. "

Heubach's sandstone has been mined in the vicinity since 1817 and some residents earn a new income. Nevertheless, at the beginning of the 19th century, a particularly large number of Hessians and Heubachers emigrated to America. In 1871 the railway line between Wiebelsbach-Heubach , Reinheim and Darmstadt was built, and in 1896 a line was added between Reinheim, Dieburg and Offenbach . From 1884 the new school on Wingertsberg was taught, no longer at the three small denominational schools, and in 1912 the construction of a new town hall was completed. After two world wars with many deaths and the influx of a number of Germans from the eastern regions, the two Protestant parishes unite in 1969 and in 1977 Heubach loses its previous independence when it was incorporated into Groß-Umstadt.

In 1955, Heubach was the scene of the dramatic kidnapping of the escaped Stasi officer Sylvester Murau , who was lured into a trap by Stasi agents with the help of his own daughter Brigitte Cullmann and then executed with a guillotine in Dresden . The author Jürgen Schreiber found during the research for his book "The Stasi Lives" that Brigitte Cullmann was fully aware of the fatal consequences for her father, who was hiding in the inn "Goldene Krone" at the time. In 1979 she married - now Brigitte Schubert (alias IM Honett) - the Stasi Major Albert Schubert, who was responsible for planning the action. Schubert, who now lives in Berlin-Hellersdorf, was never convicted, unlike the two accomplices. Because of the village environment, this case never received the same attention as the similar case of Walter Linse, kidnapped in West Berlin and then executed in Moscow .

Territorial reform

As part of the regional reform in Hesse , Groß-Umstadt and the municipalities of Dorndiel , Heubach, Kleestadt , Klein-Umstadt , Richen and Semd became the new city of Groß-Umstadt on January 1, 1977 through the state law to reorganize the districts of Darmstadt and Dieburg and the city of Darmstadt. Umstadt merged. For the core city of Groß-Umstadt and the districts of Dorndiel, Heubach, Kleestadt, Klein-Umstadt, Raibach, Richen, Semd and Wiebelsbach, local districts with local advisory councils and local heads were established in accordance with the Hessian municipal code. The boundaries of the local districts follow the municipal boundaries of December 30, 1971.

Historical place names

In the historical documents, the place is documented under the following place names (the year it was mentioned in brackets): Heipach (1303); Haypach (1322); Heippach (1376); Heupach an der Wiesen (1398–1400); Heuppach (1454); Hauptach (1495): Hawbach (1524); Haybach (1570); Haubach (16th century).

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Heubach was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

Population development

• 1633: 125 inhabitants
• 1806: 676 inhabitants, 108 houses
• 1829: 154 inhabitants, 154 houses
• 1867: 1064 inhabitants, 183 houses
Heubach: Population from 1806 to 2016
year     Residents
1806
  
 676
1829
  
 1,064
1834
  
 1,018
1840
  
 1,118
1846
  
 1,116
1852
  
 1.103
1858
  
 1,001
1864
  
 1,071
1871
  
 1,133
1875
  
 1,144
1885
  
 1,100
1895
  
 1,254
1905
  
 1,217
1910
  
 1,139
1925
  
 1,146
1939
  
 1,030
1946
  
 1,300
1950
  
 1,318
1956
  
 1,297
1961
  
 1,398
1967
  
 1,506
1970
  
 1,512
1980
  
 ?
1990
  
 ?
2006
  
 1,765
2011
  
 1,683
2016
  
 1,775
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; City of Groß-Umstadt; 2011 census

Religious affiliation

• 1829: 237 Lutheran (= 25.87%), 434 Reformed (= 37.45%) and 245 Catholic (= 36.75%) residents
• 1961: 917 Lutheran (= 65.59%), 441 Catholic (= 31.55%) inhabitants

politics

Local advisory board

There is a local district for Heubach (areas of the former municipality of Heubach) with a local advisory board and local councilor according to the Hessian municipal code . The local advisory board consists of seven members. Since the local elections in 2016, it has had four members of the SPD , one member of the CDU , one member of the BVG (Bürgerervereinigung Groß-Umstadt eV) and one member of Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen . Mayor is Michael Emich (SPD).

coat of arms

The coat of arms on the left refers to Heubach's long association with the Palatinate (lion and diamonds), the village fountain is shown on the right.

An official flag was never approved. There is, however, an unofficial flag that shows the municipality's coat of arms on a blue, white and blue flag.

Regular events

traffic

Only 1.5 km away from the B 45 , the road to Heubach is the only access route into the small valley, but the place is very quiet without any through traffic. The core town of Groß-Umstadt in the north is less than four kilometers away, and the neighboring municipality of Höchst im Odenwald (across the border to the Odenwaldkreis ) in the south is ten kilometers. It takes just under 30 minutes by car to get to Darmstadt , and about 50 minutes to Frankfurt am Main . The Groß-Umstadt Wiebelsbach station (formerly Wiebelsbach-Heubach ) is an important hub between Eberbach am Neckar and Erbach (Odenwald) in the south and Darmstadt and Frankfurt in the northwest and toward Babenhausen and Hanau in the north. The valley is protected from the noise of the B45 by the silver forest.

Web links

Commons : Heubach  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Heubach, Darmstadt-Dieburg district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of March 23, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ a b city ​​districts. In: Website of the city of Groß-Umstadt. Retrieved November 23, 2017 .
  3. ^ A b c Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg . tape 1 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt October 1829, OCLC 312528080 , p. 109 ( online at google books ).
  4. ↑ Karl-Heinz Meier barley, Karl Reinhard Hinkel: Hesse. Municipalities and counties after the regional reform. A documentation . Ed .: Hessian Minister of the Interior. Bernecker, Melsungen 1977, DNB  770396321 , OCLC 180532844 , p. 231 .
  5. ↑ Law on the reorganization of the districts of Darmstadt and Dieburg and the city of Darmstadt (GVBl. II 330–334) of July 26, 1974 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 22 , p. 318 , § 14 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 1.5 MB ]).
  6. ↑ a b main statute. (PDF; 97 kB) §; 5. In: Website. City of Groß-Umstadt, accessed May 2019 .
  7. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  8. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 1 . Großherzoglicher Staatsverlag, Darmstadt 1862, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 894925483 , p. 43 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  9. ↑ a b List of offices, places, houses, population. (1806) HStAD inventory E 8 A No. 352/4. In: Archive Information System Hessen (Arcinsys Hessen), as of February 6, 1806.
  10. ^ Ph. AF Walther : Alphabetical index of the residential places in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1869, OCLC 162355422 , p. 40 ( online at google books ).
  11. ↑ Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. (PDF; 1.8 MB) In: 2011 Census . Hessian State Statistical Office;
  12. ^ Heubach local council. In: website. City of Groß-Umstadt, accessed October 2019 .
  13. ↑ Darmstädter Echo, Saturday, September 2, 2017, p. 18.
  14. ↑ Darmstädter Echo , Monday, November 30, 2015, p. 17