Territory of the county of Hanau-Lichtenberg
The territory of the County of Hanau-Lichtenberg was created through the merger of a secondary school between the Count's House of Hanau and the Lichtenberg rule .
history
overview
The secondary education was initially formed in 1458 from the parts of the County of Hanau south of the Main . Through a series of marriages and inheritances, it was possible to round off the County of Hanau-Lichtenberg , which was mainly on the Upper Rhine : In 1480, Count Philipp I the Elder of Hanau (* 1417, † 1480) inherited the rule of Lichtenberg from his father-in-law . The now unified territories formed the county of Hanau-Lichtenberg. In 1505/1521 the county lost most of its rights in the Umstadt condominium because it was on the losing side in the Landshut War of Succession . In 1570 the second major inheritance came when the County of Zweibrücken-Bitsch fell to Hanau-Lichtenberg. This inheritance also included the existence of the Lichtenberg rule, which had passed to the heirs of the sister-in-law of Count Philip I of Hanau in 1480. The third major inheritance of the Counts of Hanau-Lichtenberg is not taken into account here: In 1642 the last male representative of the Counts of Hanau-Munzenberg , Johann Ernst von Hanau-Munzenberg-Schwarzenfels , died and the Counts of Hanau-Lichtenberg took over the inheritance.
Since 1680 the offices on the left bank of the Rhine in Alsace were under French sovereignty, the offices on the left bank of Lemberg and the areas on the right bank of the Rhine remained part of the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation .
1736 died with Count Johann Reinhard III. the last male representative of the Hanau family. Due to the marriage of his only daughter, Charlotte (* 1700; † 1726), with the Hereditary Prince Ludwig (VIII.) (* 1691; † 1768) of Hesse-Darmstadt , the county of Hanau-Lichtenberg fell there. For decades, the affiliation of the Babenhausen office to the county of Hanau-Lichtenberg remained controversial between Hessen-Kassel and Hessen-Darmstadt . This dispute was only settled after 40 years through a real division.
In 1803 the now so-called Hanauerland on the right bank of the Rhine came to the Grand Duchy of Baden , on the left bank of the Rhine mostly to France. Only the area around Pirmasens fell to Bavaria in 1816 .
swell
As early as 1962, Knöpp pointed out that a complete compilation of the territorial inventory of the County of Hanau-Lichtenberg was missing. Nothing has changed to this day. In the more than 300 years of its existence between 1480 and the French Revolution , territories were acquired and ceded, the Thirty Years' War and other demographically relevant events led to the desolation of villages, and as part of France's reunification policy , sovereignty changed over considerable parts of the county : The changes were numerous. The existing, published lists of the territorial inventory of the County of Hanau-Lichtenberg (bibliography) generally only consider a temporal or spatial excerpt from their total inventory:
- The dissertation by Fritz Eyer 1938: The territory of the lords of Lichtenberg 1202-1480 provides information on the Hanau-Lichtenberg in that it describes the existence of the Lichtenberger areas as they went to the house Hanau since 1480th
- In contrast, Alfred Matt describes in Bailliages, prévôté et Fiefs the existence of the (former) county of Hanau-Lichtenberg at the time of the French Revolution , more than half a century after the area was transferred to the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt.
- Knöpp: Territorial inventory , on the other hand limited spatially to the areas of the County of Hanau-Lichtenberg, which came to the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt after the succession of 1736 . He mainly uses four older sources.
Structure of the County of Hanau Lichtenberg
The county of Hanau-Lichtenberg was mainly divided into offices . They represented the middle administrative level of the territory. The offices are listed below. Not all of them existed during the entire period in which the County of Hanau Lichtenberg existed (1480 until the French Revolution ).
Office of Babenhausen
The office of Babenhausen was in 1458 - together with Hanau's share in the Umstadt condominium - the equipment that Count Philipp I the Elder of Hanau (* 1417, † 1480) received for a small secondary school from the holdings of the County of Hanau to Anna von Lichtenberg (* 1442; † 1474), one of the two heir daughters of Ludwig V. von Lichtenberg , to marry. From 1521 the office also included those places of the former Umstadt condominium that now belonged entirely to the County of Hanau-Lichtenberg. After the death of the last male representative of the Hanau family in 1736, Count Johann Reinhard III. , the affiliation of the office to the County of Hanau-Lichtenberg, which fell to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt , or to the County of Hanau-Münzenberg , which the Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel inherited, was controversial. After long disputes, the office was divided between the two parties in 1771.
Office Brumath
The Brumath office belonged to the Lichtenberg inheritance from 1480. It initially formed a condominium between Hanau-Lichtenberg and the county of Zweibrücken-Bitsch . After an agreement under Count Philip III. from Hanau-Lichtenberg it came in exchange with the rights at the office of Willstätt an Zweibrücken-Bitsch, which was also shared. Count Philipp V. von Hanau-Lichtenberg (* 1541; † 1599) was married to Margarethe von Zweibrücken-Bitsch (* 1540; † 1569), daughter of Count Jakob von Zweibrücken-Bitsch , who died without a male heir. The legacy resulting from this constellation also included the second half of the former Lichtenberg rule, which was not already ruled by Hanau-Lichtenberg, and included the Brumath office. After the death of the last male representative of the House of Hanau in 1736, Count Johann Reinhard III., The office fell to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt.
Buchsweiler Office
The office in Buchsweiler belonged to the Lichtenberg inheritance from 1480. After the death of the last male representative of the Hanau house in 1736, Count Johann Reinhard III., The office fell to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt.
Office had
The office of Hatten (Hattgau) belonged to the Lichtenberg inheritance of 1480. After the death of the last male representative of the Hanau house in 1736, Count Johann Reinhard III., The office fell to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt.
Ingweiler Office
The Ingweiler office was part of the Lichtenberg inheritance from 1480 that fell to Zweibrücken-Bitsch. Count Philipp V. von Hanau-Lichtenberg (* 1541; † 1599) was married to Ludovica Margaretha von Zweibrücken-Bitsch (* 1540; † 1569), daughter of Count Jakob von Zweibrücken-Bitsch, who died without a male heir. The legacy resulting from this constellation also included the second half of the former Lichtenberg rule, which was not already ruled by Hanau-Lichtenberg, and included the Ingweiler office. After the death of the last male representative of the House of Hanau in 1736, Count Johann Reinhard III., The office fell to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt.
Lviv Office
The Lemberg office originally belonged to the County of Zweibrücken-Bitsch . Count Jakob von Zweibrücken-Bitsch (* 1510; † 1570) died in 1570 as the last male member of his family. He had left a daughter who was married to Count Philipp V von Hanau-Lichtenberg. In this way the Lemberg office came to the County of Hanau-Lichtenberg. The Office of Lemberg was the most extensive office in the County of Hanau-Lichtenberg. It was the only one that had a "middle level": official rulers brought together groups of villages and were subordinate to the office. That is why the office was also known as the "Oberamt". After the death of the last male representative of the House of Hanau in 1736, Count Johann Reinhard III., The office fell to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt. There this middle level was streamlined and reorganized into four units, sub-offices.
Lichtenau office
The Lichtenau office belonged to the Lichtenberg inheritance of 1480. Since it was on the right bank of the Rhine , it was not affected by the French reunification policy. After the death of the last male representative of the House of Hanau in 1736, Count Johann Reinhard III., The office fell to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt. With the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss the office was assigned to the newly formed Electorate of Baden in 1803 .
Neuweiler Office
The Neuweiler Office was a unit spun off from the Ingweiler Office. It belonged to the Lichtenberg inheritance of 1480. After the death of the last male representative of the House of Hanau in 1736, Count Johann Reinhard III., The office fell to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt.
Offendorf Office
The Offendorf office belonged to the part of the Lichtenberg inheritance from 1480 that fell to Zweibrücken-Bitsch. Count Philipp V. von Hanau-Lichtenberg (* 1541; † 1599) was married to Ludovica Margaretha von Zweibrücken-Bitsch (* 1540; † 1569), daughter of Count Jakob von Zweibrücken-Bitsch, who died without a male heir. The legacy resulting from this constellation also included the second half of the former Lichtenberg rule, which was not already ruled by Hanau-Lichtenberg, and included the Offendorf office. After the death of the last male representative of the House of Hanau in 1736, Count Johann Reinhard III., The office fell to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt.
Office Pfaffenhofen
The Pfaffenhofen office belonged to the Lichtenberg inheritance from 1480. After the death of the last male representative of the Hanau house in 1736, Count Johann Reinhard III., The office fell to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt.
Umstadt condominium
The Umstadt condominium was a unit that corresponded to an office and was administered as a condominium between the County of Hanau-Lichtenberg and the Electoral Palatinate . In 1458 - together with Hanau's share in the Babenhausen office - it was part of the equipment that made it possible for Count Philipp I, the elder of Hanau (1417–1480), Anna von Lichtenberg (1442–1474) of the two heir daughters Ludwig V von Lichtenberg, to marry. After Hanau found itself on the losing side in the Landshut War of Succession in 1504 , the condominium virtually ceased to exist. In the end, only a few villages remained of this property, which it received as an allod . These villages were added to the Babenhausen office in 1521.
Westhofen office
The Westhofen office belonged to the Lichtenberg inheritance of 1480. After the death of the last male representative of the Hanau House in 1736, Count Johann Reinhard III., The office fell to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt.
Willstätt Office
The Willstätt office was part of the Lichtenberg inheritance from 1480. It initially formed a condominium between Hanau-Lichtenberg and the county of Zweibrücken-Bitsch. After an agreement under Count Philip III. from Hanau-Lichtenberg it came to the county of Hanau-Lichtenberg in exchange with the rights to the also common office of Brumath. After the death of the last male representative of the House of Hanau in 1736, Count Johann Reinhard III., The office fell to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt.
Office Wörth
The Wörth office was part of the Lichtenberg inheritance from 1480 that fell to Zweibrücken-Bitsch. Count Philipp V. von Hanau-Lichtenberg (* 1541; † 1599) was married to Ludovica Margaretha von Zweibrücken-Bitsch (* 1540; † 1569), daughter of Count Jakob von Zweibrücken-Bitsch, who died without a male heir. The legacy resulting from this constellation also included the second half of the former Lichtenberg rule, which was not already ruled by Hanau-Lichtenberg, and included the Wörth office. Since the office was on the right bank of the Rhine, it was not affected by the French reunion policy. After the death of the last male representative of the House of Hanau in 1736, Count Johann Reinhard III., The office fell to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt. With the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss the office was assigned to the newly formed Electorate of Baden in 1803 .
Wolfisheim Office
The Wolfisheim office was part of the Lichtenberg inheritance of 1480. After the death of the last male representative of the Hanau family in 1736, Count Johann Reinhard III, the office fell to the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt.
literature
- Jean-Claude Brumm: Quelques dates importantes dans l'histoire… . In: Société d'Histoire et d'Archaeologie de Saverne et Environs (ed.): Cinquième centenaire de la création du Comté de Hanau-Lichtenberg 1480–1980 = Pays d'Alsace 111/112 (2, 3/1980), p 10f.
- Fritz Eyer: The territory of the Lords of Lichtenberg 1202-1480. Investigations into the property, the rule and the politics of domestic power of a noble family from the Upper Rhine . In: Writings of the Erwin von Steinbach Foundation . 2nd edition, unchanged in the text, by an introduction extended reprint of the Strasbourg edition, Rhenus-Verlag, 1938. Volume 10 . Pfaehler, Bad Neustadt an der Saale 1985, ISBN 3-922923-31-3 (268 pages).
- M. Goltzené and A. Matt: From the history of the office Buchsweiler and the gentlemen from Hanau-Lichtenberg . In: Société d'Histoire et d'Archaeologie de Saverne et Environs (eds.): Cinquième centenaire de la création du Comté de Hanau-Lichtenberg 1480–1980 = Pays d'Alsace 111/112 (2, 3/1980), p 63-72.
- Friedrich Knöpp: Territorial holdings of the County of Hanau-Lichtenberg in Hesse-Darmstadt . [typewritten] Darmstadt 1962. [Available in the Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt , signature: N 282/6].
- Alfred Matt: Bailliages, prévôté et fiefs ayant fait partie de la Seigneurie de Lichtenberg, du Comté de Hanau-Lichtenberg, du Landgraviat de Hesse-Darmstadt . In: Société d'Histoire et d'Archaeologie de Saverne et Environs (eds.): Cinquième centenaire de la création du Comté de Hanau-Lichtenberg 1480–1980 = Pays d'Alsace 111/112 (2, 3/1980), p 7-9.
- Wilhelm Mechler: The territory of the Lichtenberger to the right of the Rhine . In: Société d'Histoire et d'Archaeologie de Saverne et Environs (ed.): Cinquième centenaire de la création du Comté de Hanau-Lichtenberg 1480–1980 = Pays d'Alsace 111/112 (2, 3/1980), p 31-37.
Remarks
- ↑ Complete references in the “Literature” section.
- ↑ Complete references in the “Literature” section.
- ↑ Complete references in the “Literature” section.
- ↑ Knöpp, p. 3f: A handwritten list from 1712; a handwritten directory from the period after 1736; NN: List of the Hochfürstlich-Hessen-Darmstädtische, which are located on the left bank of the Rhine and belong to the County of Hanau-Lichtenberg […]. Rastatt 1792; NN: Hochfürstlich-Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar to the year 1793 . Darmstadt [1793?].