Ober-Schönmattenwag

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Ober-Schönmattenwag
Community Wald-Michelbach
Coordinates: 49 ° 32 ′ 15 ″  N , 8 ° 51 ′ 46 ″  E
Height : 238 m above sea level NHN
Area : 6.98 km²
Residents : 590  (2005)
Population density : 85 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 1971
Postal code : 69483
Area code : 06207

Ober-Schönmattenwag ( Ourewällerisch : Owwer-Schimmeldewog) is a district of Wald-Michelbach in the Bergstrasse district in southern Hesse .

Geographical location

Ober-Schönmattenwag is located in the south of the Hessian Odenwald between the core community of Wald-Michelbach and Unter-Schönmattenwag in the junction of the Dürr-Ellenbach and the Ulfenbach , which cuts deep into the heights of the Überwald and flows south to the Neckar . The district area is given for 1961 with 698 hectares, of which 525 hectares are forested. The highest point of the district is on the western border on the wooded ridge between the Stillfüssel and the Toten Mann at about 560 meters.

history

overview

The two places Ober- and Unter-Schönmattenwag originated in the area of ​​the former Mark Heppenheim , which designated an administrative district of the Franconian Empire . On January 20, 773, Charlemagne donated the city of Heppenheim and its district, the extensive Mark Heppenheim , to the imperial monastery of Lorsch . From here the reclamation and settlement of the area was carried out. The place is first mentioned under the name Spumosum Stagnum 1012 in the texts of the Monumenta Germaniae Historica . Accordingly, a border dispute arose in 1012 between the Bishop of Worms and the abbot of Lorsch Monastery. This led to the written definition of the exact limit of the Mark Heppenheim in the disputed area. According to this document, the border ran as follows: from Sidilinus ( Siedelsbrunn ) to Spumosum Stagnum and so to Ulvenam (Ulfenbach). The Latin translation of Spumosum Stagnum is 'foaming billow'. Schönmattenwag was originally called “To the foaming Wog ” , that means “to the foaming water”.

In the 13th century, the entire Schönmattenwag belonged to the possessions of the Lords of Hirschhorn and Landschad von Steinach . After long disputes, the Electoral Palatinate and the Archdiocese of Mainz were able to agree on the inheritance from the Lorsch Abbey at the beginning of the 14th century . In the meantime the two places Ober- and Unter-Schönmattenwag had developed and Ober-Schönmattenwag came to the Electoral Palatinate, while Unter-Schönmattenwag came under Kurmainzer rule. As a result, Ober-Schönmattenwag developed into a Protestant village during the Reformation, while Unter-Schönmattenwag remained Catholic .

In 1830 about 270 people lived in Ober-Schönmattenwag and the first village school was built . In 1970 the village school was closed. Since then, the children have been attending primary school in Unter-Schönmattenwag and a secondary school in Wald-Michelbach.

On the occasion of the regional reform in Hesse , the state government approved the incorporation of the municipality of Ober-Schönmattenwag into the municipality of Wald-Michelbach with effect from December 31, 1971. For Ober-Schönmattenwag, a local district with a local advisory board and local councilor was set up.

In 1975 Ober-Schönmattenwag became state and national winner in the competition Our village should be more beautiful .

In 1982 the guest house between Ober- and Unter-Schönmattenwag was inaugurated. Since then, it has contributed to closer cooperation between the Ober- and Unter-Schönmattenwag associations.

From the beginning to the 18th century

The heyday of the Lorsch Monastery, in whose area Schönmattenwag was located, was followed by its decline in the 11th and 12th centuries. In 1232 Lorsch was subordinated to the Archbishopric of Mainz and in 1461 Kurmainz pledged his possessions on Bergstrasse, and with that the possessions of the Lorsch Monastery went to the Electoral Palatinate, which introduced the Reformation in 1556 and abolished the monastery in 1564.

After Electoral Palatinate and located Archbishopric Mainz had agreed on the heritage of the monastery early 14th century, the Palatinate parts and were with them top-Schönmattenwag by Amtsvogtei managed Lindenfels. Until 1737 the Lindenfels Office was under the Heidelberg Oberamt , after which Lindenfels became an Oberamt . Ober-Schönmattenwag was part of the Cent Waldmichelbach within the Lindenfels Office .

In the early days of the Reformation , the Palatinate rulers openly sympathized with the Lutheran faith, but it was not until Ottheinrich (Elector from 1556 to 1559) that the official transition to Lutheran teaching took place. After that, his successors and inevitably the population changed several times between the Lutheran , Reformed and Calvinist religions. After the Reformation, the existing church in Wald-Michelbach was used by the Reformed , while the Catholics built their own church dedicated to St. Lawrence in 1739. In 1780 the Lutherans set up a church in their schoolhouse. The places of the cent became branches of the parishes in Wald-Michelbach.,

In 1613 "14 serf men and 10 women, as well as 8 1/4 Huben with 17 houses" were counted. At the end of the Thirty Years' War (1648), like many areas of the Electoral Palatinate, the place was almost deserted. After the devastating war, the Electoral Palatinate pursued a policy of resettlement in its area characterized by religious tolerance. But the wars that broke out in the troubled times that followed, such as the War of the Palatinate Succession (1688–1697) and the War of Spanish Succession (1701–1714) destroyed many of the efforts and tens of thousands of Palatine emigrated and the like. a. to North America and Prussia.

From a religious point of view, too, the time after the Thirty Years' War was marked by great unrest. In 1685 the Reformed Palatinate-Simmern line died out and the Catholic cousins ​​of the Palatinate-Neuburg line took over the government in the Electoral Palatinate with Elector Philipp Wilhelm . This ordered the equality of the Catholic faith in the predominantly Protestant Palatinate. Even during the War of the Palatinate Succession, France tried to advance the Counter-Reformation in the conquered areas and founded a number of Catholic parishes. The war ended in 1697 with the Peace of Rijswijk , which strengthened the position of the then reigning Catholic Elector Johann Wilhelm . This led to the decree of the Simultaneum on October 26, 1698 . According to this, the Catholics were entitled to use all reformed institutions such as churches, schools and cemeteries, while the reverse was not allowed. Furthermore, the reformed church administration, which had been independent until then, was subordinated to the sovereign. Only at the instigation of Prussia in 1705 came the so-called Palatinate church division in which the simultanum was reversed and the churches in the country, including rectories and schools, were divided between the Reformed and the Catholics in a ratio of five to two. There were special regulations for the three capitals Heidelberg , Mannheim and Frankenthal as well as the regional authorities Alzey , Kaiserslautern , Oppenheim , Bacharach and Weinheim . In cities with two churches, one should go to Protestants and the other to Catholics; in the others, where there was only one church, the choir was separated from the nave by a wall, and the one to the Catholics and the other to the Protestants. The Lutherans were only allowed those churches that they owned in 1624 or had built afterwards.

In 1784 38 families with 115 souls lived in the place and there were 23 houses and a mill. The demarcation consisted of 204 acres of fields, 154 acres of meadows, 7 acres of gardens, 400 acres of pasture, and 1,390 acres of forest. Of these forests, 990 acres belong to the community and the remainder was part of the lifting goods . In addition, there were 800 acres of forest that was shared by the Zent Wald-Michelbach. There was an electoral forester who was in charge of both these and all of the other forests in the Cent Wald-Michelbach and the Cent Hammelbach . On the big tithe , the Electoral Palatinate Court Chamber received two, and the Electoral Mainz Chamber received a third because of the Lorsch Monastery.

From the 19th century until today

As a result of the Napoleonic Wars , the late 18th and early 19th centuries brought far-reaching changes to Europe. At the last session of the Perpetual Reichstag in Regensburg in February 1803, the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss was adopted, which implemented the provisions of the Peace of Lunéville and reorganized the territorial situation in the Holy Roman Empire (German Nation) . He assigned the area of ​​the Oberamt Lindenfels to the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt as compensation for lost areas on the left bank of the Rhine. There the "Oberamt Lindenfels" was initially continued as the Hessian district bailiff . Under pressure from Napoleon , the Rhine Confederation was founded in 1806 , this happened when the member territories left the empire at the same time. This led to the laying down of the imperial crown on August 6, 1806, with which the old empire ceased to exist. On August 14, 1806, the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt was raised by Napoleon to the Grand Duchy of Hesse , against placing high military contingents in France and joining the Confederation of the Rhine , otherwise he was threatened with invasion. In the Grand Duchy, the administrative area of ​​the "Lindenfels Office" was split up in 1812 and Ober-Schönmattenwag was assigned to the " Waldmichelbach Office ". The superordinate administrative authority was the "Administrative Region Darmstadt" which from 1803 was also referred to as the "Principality of Starkenburg". After Napoléon's final defeat, the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15 also regulated the territorial situation for Hesse, and in 1816 provinces were formed in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. The area previously known as the “Principality of Starkenburg”, which consisted of the old Hessian territories south of the Main and the territories on the right bank of the Rhine that were added from 1803, was renamed “Province of Starkenburg” .

In 1814 serfdom was abolished in the Grand Duchy and with the constitution of the Grand Duchy of Hesse introduced on December 17, 1820, it was given a constitutional monarchy , in which the Grand Duke still had great powers. The remaining civil rights magnificent as Low jurisdiction , tithes, ground rents and other slope but remained composed until 1848.

In 1821, as part of a comprehensive administrative reform, the district bailiffs in the provinces of Starkenburg and Upper Hesse of the Grand Duchy were dissolved and administrative districts were introduced, with Ober-Schönmattenwag becoming part of the Lindenfels district . As part of this reform, regional courts were also created, which were now independent of the administration. The district court districts corresponded in scope to the district council districts and the district court of Fürth was responsible as the court of first instance for the district of Lindenfels . This reform also arranged the administrative administration at the municipal level. In addition to Wald-Michelbach , the mayor's office in Wald-Michelbach was also responsible for Ober-Schönmattenwag. According to the municipal ordinance of June 30, 1821, there were no longer appointments of mayors , but an elected local council, which was composed of a mayor, aldermen and council.

In 1832 the administrative units were further enlarged and circles were created. After the reorganization announced on August 20, 1832, there should only be the districts of Bensheim and Lindenfels in the future in Süd-Starkenburg; the district of Heppenheim was to fall into the Bensheim district. Before the ordinance came into force on October 15, 1832, it was revised to the effect that instead of the Lindenfels district, the Heppenheim district was formed as the second district, to which Ober-Schönmattenwag now belonged. In 1842 the tax system in the Grand Duchy was reformed and the tithe and the basic pensions (income from property) were replaced by a tax system of the kind that still exists today.

As a result of the March Revolution of 1848, with the "Law on the Relationships of the Classes and Noble Court Lords" of April 15, 1848, the special rights of the class were finally repealed. In addition, in the provinces, the districts and the district administration districts of the Grand Duchy were abolished on July 31, 1848 and replaced by "administrative districts", whereby the previous districts of Bensheim and Heppenheim were combined to form the administrative district of Heppenheim . Just four years later, in the course of the reaction era, they returned to the division into districts and Wald-Michelbach became part of the newly created district of Lindenfels .

The population and cadastral lists recorded in December 1852 resulted in Oberschönwattenwag : Reformatory and Catholic branch village with 355 inhabitants. This includes the Lotzenhäuser. The district consists of 2793 acres , 352 acres of arable land, 258 acres of meadows and 2122 acres of forest.

In the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, based on December 1867, the Ober-Schönmattenwag branch village with the mayor's office in Wald-Michelbach, 42 houses, 324 inhabitants, the Lindenfels district, the Wald-Michelbach district court, the Protestant Reformed parish Wald-Michelbach of the deanery of Lindenfels and the Catholic parish of Wald-Michelbach of the deanery of Heppenheim.

In 1870, the Prussian Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck provoked the Franco-German War with the so-called Emser Depesche in which the Grand Duchy of Hesse took part as a member of the North German Confederation on the side of Prussia . Even before its official end on May 10, 1871, the southern German states joined the North German Confederation and on January 1, 1871 its new constitution came into force, with which it was now called the German Empire . On the German side, this war claimed around 41,000 deaths. With the Reich Coin Act , Germany only had one currency, the mark with 100 pfennigs as a sub-unit.

After the Grand Duchy of Hesse had been part of the German Empire from 1871, a series of administrative reforms were decided in 1874. The state-specific rules of procedure as well as the administration of the districts and provinces were regulated by district and provincial assemblies. The new regulation came into force on July 12, 1874 and also decreed the dissolution of the Lindenfels and Wimpfen districts and the reintegration of Ober-Schönmattenwag into the Heppenheim district .

The Hessian provinces of Starkenburg, Rheinhessen and Upper Hesse were abolished in 1937 after the provincial and district assemblies were dissolved in 1936. On November 1, 1938, a comprehensive regional reform came into force at the district level. In the former province of Starkenburg, the Bensheim district was particularly affected, as it was dissolved and most of it was added to the Heppenheim district. The district of Heppenheim also took over the legal successor to the district of Bensheim and was given the new name Landkreis Bergstrasse .

The Grand Duchy of Hesse was a member state of the German Confederation from 1815 to 1866 and then a federal state of the German Empire . It existed until 1919, after the First World War, the Grand Duchy for was republican written People's State of Hesse . In 1945 after the end of the Second World War , the area of ​​today's Hesse was in the American zone of occupation and by order of the military government, Greater Hesse was created , from which the state of Hesse emerged in its current borders.

In 1961 the size of the district was given as 698  hectares , of which 525 hectares were forest.

On the occasion of the regional reform in Hesse, the state government approved the incorporation of the municipality of Ober-Schönmattenwag into the municipality of Wald-Michelbach with effect from December 31, 1971.

Courts in Hessen

The jurisdiction of the Oberamt Lindenfels was transferred to the new justice office in Fürth in 1813. With the formation of the regional courts in the Grand Duchy of Hesse, the Fürth regional court was the court of first instance from 1821 . In 1853 a new regional court district was created, whose seat was in Wald-Michelbach and to which Ober-Schönmattenwag also belonged.

On the occasion of the introduction of the Courts Constitution Act with effect from October 1, 1879, as a result of which the previous grand-ducal Hessian regional courts were replaced by local courts in the same place, while the newly created regional courts now functioned as higher courts, the name was changed to the Wald-Michelbach District Court and assigned to the district of the Darmstadt Regional Court . On July 1, 1968, the district court district was added to the district court of Fürth and the district court of Wald-Michelbach was dissolved. But Unter- and Ober-Schönmattenwag came to the district of the Hirschhorn (Neckar) branch of the Fürth district court. On November 1, 2003, this branch was finally closed.

Historical descriptions

In the attempt of a complete geographical-historical description of the Elector. Pfalz am Rheine can be found in 1786 via Ober-Schönmattenwag:

"Ober-Schönmattenwag. Quite a village, four hours south of Lindenfels, has the Graeflich-Erbach villages of Berfelden and Funkenbach as neighbors to the east; towards the south the Kurmainzische village Unter-Schönmattenwag; against West Wald-Michelbach; to the north the Kurmainzische Zentwaldung. [...] The Ulvendach coming from Wald-Michelbach runs through the same, takes up the Ellenbach, which rises in Kurmainzischen, drives a grinding and beating or oil mill, and continues its course to Unter-Schönmattenwag. The road from Lindenfels to Hirschhorn also runs through the village. "

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reported in 1829 about Ober-Schönmattenwag:

"Oberschönmattenwaag (L. Bez. Lindenfels) cath. and reform. Filialdorf; lies on both sides of the Ulvenbach and 4 St. from Lindenfels and is usually called Schimmertewog. The place has 39 houses, 270 inhabitants among these 15 Luth. 242 reform. and 13 Cath., who are divided into 21 farmers and day laborers and 20 tradesmen; so then 2 grinding, 1 oil, 1 cutting and 1 gypsum mill. Ore was previously dug in the area. In 1802 the village of Churpfalz came to Hesse. "

The latest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states from 1845 states:

"Oberschönwattenwaag b. Lindenfels. - village, for evangel., Resp. Catholic parish Waldmichelbach belongs. - 39 H. 270 (mostly Protestant) E. - Grand Duchy of Hesse. - Starkenburg Province. - Heppenheim district. - Landger. Fuerth. - Hofger. Darmstadt. - The village of Oberschönmattenwaag, located on both sides of the Ulvenbach and usually called Schimmertewog, has 1 cutting, 1 oil, 1 gypsum and 2 grinding mills and was transferred from Churpfalz to Hesse in 1802. "

Names for Schimmeldewog / Schönmattenwag

1345 Schemechtinwage 1437 Schymentwag
1346 Symechtinwage 1461 Schemptenwage
1363 Schumechtinwage 1472 Schimettenwage
1369 Schumathenwag 1496 Schiemattenwagh
1390 Schimechtenwage 1500 Schimentenwag
1393 Schimechtenwage 1558 Schometenwag
1414 Schymechtenwage 1568 Schimettewag

As far as is known, the current spelling originated in 1637 when a document was copied into standard German .

Population development

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1613: Serfs : 14 men, 10 women.
• 1784: 115 souls, 38 families, 23 houses, one mill
• 1961: 366 Protestant (= 88.83%), 41 Catholic (= 9.95%) residents
Ober-Schönmattenwagwidth = 450: Population from 1784 to 2011
year     Residents
1784
  
 151
1829
  
 279
1834
  
 287
1840
  
 325
1846
  
 349
1852
  
 355
1858
  
 339
1864
  
 300
1871
  
 326
1875
  
 367
1885
  
 388
1895
  
 343
1905
  
 339
1910
  
 337
1925
  
 300
1939
  
 284
1946
  
 445
1950
  
 431
1956
  
 414
1961
  
 412
1967
  
 466
1970
  
 472
2011
  
 558
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; 2011:

Events

  • Carnival bunch / bonfire
  • Kerwe

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Ober-Schönmattenwag, Bergstrasse district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of May 8, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ Information about the whole congregation ( Memento from February 19, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  3. ^ Wilhelm Müller: Hessisches Ortnamesbuch - Starkenburg , Darmstadt 1937, p. 540
  4. ↑ Regests of the city of Heppenheim and Starkenburg Castle until the end of Kurmainzer rule (755 to 1461) . No. 8 to 10 ( digital view [PDF; 2.0 MB] - compiled and commented on by Torsten Wondrejz on behalf of the Heppenheim City Archives).
  5. ^ Municipal area reform in Hesse: mergers and integration of municipalities from December 29, 1972 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1972 No. 3 , p. 84 ff ., point 93, no. 79 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 6.0 MB ]).
  6. ↑ Main statute of the community of Wald-Michelbach of April 24, 2012 (published on April 28, 2012 in the Odenwälder Zeitung) on ​​the formation of nine local districts
  7. ^ A b Christoph Friedrich Moritz Ludwig Marchand: Lindenfels. A contribution to the local history of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Darmstadt 1858, p. 50 ( online at google books ).
  8. ↑ a b c Johann Goswin Widder : Attempt of a complete geographical-historical description of the Elector. Palatinate on the Rhine . First part. Frankfurt and Leipzig 1786, OCLC 1067855437 , p. 514 f ., 2) Ober-Schönmattenwag ( online at googe books ).
  9. ^ Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus : Germany for a hundred years: Abth. Germany fifty years ago . tape 3 . Voigt & Günther, Leipzig 1862, OCLC 311428620 , p. 358 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  10. ^ M. Borchmann, D. Breithaupt, G. Kaiser: Kommunalrecht in Hessen . W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-555-01352-1 , p. 20 ( partial view on google books ).
  11. ↑ Law on the Conditions of the Class Lords and Noble Court Lords of August 7, 1848 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1848 no. 40 , p. 237–241 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 42,9 MB ]).
  12. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Grand Duchy into circles of May 12, 1852 . In: Grand Ducal Hessian Ministry of the Interior (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette 1852 No. 30 . S. 224–229 ( online at the Bavarian State Library digital [PDF]).
  13. ↑ Wolfgang Torge : History of geodesy in Germany . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York 2007, ISBN 3-11-019056-7 , pp. 172 ( partial view on google books ).
  14. ↑ Philipp Alexander Ferdinand Walther: The Grand Duchy of Hesse according to history, country, people, state and locality. Jonghans, Darmstadt 1854, p. 348 ( online at google books )
  15. ↑ Alphabetical list of places to live in the Grand Duchy of Hesse , 1869, p. 60 ( online at google books )
  16. ^ Lists of casualties of the German army in the campaign 1870/71. In: Online project fallen memorials. Archived from the original on May 6, 2015 ; accessed on May 10, 2018 .
  17. ↑ Martin Kukowski: Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt: Tradition from the former Grand Duchy and the People's State of Hesse . Volume 3. KG Saur, 1998, ISBN 3-598-23252-7
  18. ↑ Headlines from Bensheim on the 175th anniversary of the "Bergsträßer Anzeiger". (PDF; 9.0 MB) The creation of the Bergstrasse district. 2007, p. 109 , archived from the original on October 5, 2016 ; Retrieved February 9, 2015 .
  19. ^ Ordinance on the implementation of the German Courts Constitution Act and the Introductory Act to the Courts Constitution Act of May 14, 1879 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1879 no. 15 , p. 197–211 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 17.8 MB ]).
  20. ↑ Subject: Court organization (establishment of branches of local courts) of July 1, 1964 . In: The Hessian Minister of Justice (Ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1968 No. 28 , p. 1037 , item 777: Section 1, Paragraph 1.b) ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 2.8 MB ]).
  21. ↑ Third ordinance on the adjustment of the organizational rules of the court (changes GVBl. II 210–33; GVBl. II 210–86) of October 10, 2003 . In: The Hessian Minister of Justice (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 2003 No. 16 , p. 291 , Article 1, Paragraph 3) ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 531 kB ]). refers to the order on the establishment and jurisdiction of judicial branches (changes GVBl. II 210-33) of May 24, 1974 . In: Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 18 , p. 539 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 1.6 MB ]).
  22. ↑ Georg W. Wagner: Volume 1, p. 253 ( online at Google Books )
  23. ^ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch : The latest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states , Naumburg 1845, Volume 2, p. 730 ( online at Hathi Trust, digital library )
  24. ↑ 2011 census , Hessian State Statistical Office