Unter-Schönmattenwag

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Unter-Schönmattenwag
Community Wald-Michelbach
Coat of arms of Unter-Schönmattenwag
Coordinates: 49 ° 31 ′ 30 ″  N , 8 ° 51 ′ 47 ″  E
Height : 246 m above sea level NN
Area : 21.41 km²
Residents : 1180  (2005)
Population density : 55 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 1971
Postal code : 69483
Area code : 06207

Unter-Schönmattenwag is a district of Wald-Michelbach in the Bergstrasse district in southern Hesse .

Geographical location

Unter-Schönmattenwag is located in the south of the Hessian Odenwald on the border with Baden-Württemberg on the east side of the Ulfenbach , cut deep into the heights of the Überwald , which runs south and finally flows over the Laxbach to the Neckar . The district area is given for 1961 as 2141 hectares, of which 1716 hectares are forest.

In the Unter-Schönmattenwag district there are a few more hamlets and residential areas outside of the local area. In the valley floor of the Ulfenbach stream from north to south: Frankel , Corsica , Ludwigsdorf and shortly before the national border Flockenbusch . Holmbach is located in a small side valley west of the last two settlements mentioned . On the western ridge between the Kautzekopf and the Rinke , Schönbrunn is 481 meters above sea level as the highest settlement of Unter-Schönmattenwag. The highest point in the district is the Stillfüssel at the north-western border with a height of 568 meters. The lowest point is the bed of the Ulfenbach on the state border, which is exactly here below the height of 200 meters. It is also the lowest point in the entire municipality of Wald-Michelbach. The mountain ranges to the west and east of the Ulfenbach are densely forested. Only the valley floor is used for agriculture.

The closest localities are Ober-Schönmattenwag in the north and Heddesbach on the other side of the border in the south.

history

overview

The village is first mentioned in 1012 in the Latinized form Spumosum Stagnum . This name could be translated as foaming water . Ultimately, this is also the meaning of the spelling Niederschemmechtenwage , which has been handed down from the year 1345.

At first, Ober- and Unter-Schönmattenwag were under the rule of the Lords von Hirschhorn and Landschad von Steinach . Later, Ober-Schönmattenwag was ceded to the Electoral Palatinate , while Unter-Schönmattenwag came to Kurmainz . While the Reformation was carried out in the Palatinate and Ober-Schönmattenwag became Protestant , Unter-Schönmattenwag remained Catholic .

On the occasion of the regional reform in Hesse , the community joined the community of Wald-Michelbach on December 31, 1971. For Unter-Schönmattenwag a local district with a local advisory board and a local councilor was set up.

Administration and courts

Under Mainz's sovereignty, administration and jurisdiction over the place were exercised by the “ Amtsvogtei Hirschhorn”. It was an administrative instance in the “Lower Archbishopric” of the “Electorate of Mainz” .

After the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of 1803 had assigned the "Oberamt Starkenburg" to the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt , the "Amtsvogtei Horschhorn" continued as the Hessian office there . In 1806, the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt became part of the Grand Duchy of Hessen , which came into being under Napoléon's pressure . The superordinate administrative authority was the "Administrative Region Darmstadt" which from 1803 was also referred to as the "Principality of Starkenburg".

After Napoléon's final defeat, the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15 also regulated the territorial situation for Hesse, and in 1816 provinces were formed in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. The area previously known as the “Principality of Starkenburg”, which consisted of the old Hessian territories south of the Main and the territories on the right bank of the Rhine that were added from 1803, was renamed “Province of Starkenburg” .

In 1821, as part of a comprehensive administrative reform, the district bailiffs in the provinces of Starkenburg and Upper Hesse of the Grand Duchy were dissolved and districts were introduced, with Unter-Schönmattenwag becoming part of the Hirschhorn district . As part of this reform, regional courts were also created, which were now independent of the administration. The district court districts corresponded in scope to the district council districts and the district court Hirschhorn was responsible as the court of first instance for the district Hirschhorn district . This reform also arranged the administrative administration at the municipal level. The mayor's office in Unterschönmattenwaag was also responsible for Corsika , Ludwigsdorf and Schönbrunn . According to the municipal ordinance of June 30, 1821, there were no longer appointments of mayors , but an elected local council, which was composed of a mayor, aldermen and council.

In 1832 the administrative units were further enlarged and circles were created. After the reorganization announced on August 20, 1832, there should only be the districts of Bensheim and Lindenfels in the future in Süd-Starkenburg; the district of Heppenheim was to fall into the Bensheim district. Even before the ordinance came into force on October 15, 1832, it was revised to the effect that instead of the Lindenfels district, the Heppenheim district was formed as the second district, to which Unter-Schönmattenwag now belonged, alongside the Bensheim district. In 1842 the tax system in the Grand Duchy was reformed and the tithe and the basic pensions (income from property) were replaced by a tax system of the kind that still exists today.

As a result of the March Revolution of 1848, with the "Law on the Relationships of the Classes and Noble Court Lords" of April 15, 1848, the special rights of the class were finally repealed. In addition, in the provinces, the districts and the district administration districts of the Grand Duchy were abolished on July 31, 1848 and replaced by "administrative districts", whereby the previous districts of Bensheim and Heppenheim were combined to form the administrative district of Heppenheim . Just four years later, in the course of the reaction era, they returned to the division into districts and Unter-Schönmattenwag became part of the newly created Lindenfels district .

The population and cadastral lists recorded in December 1852 showed for Unterschönwattenwag : Catholic parish village with 1187 inhabitants. This includes two mills. The district consists of 7384 acres , 889 acres of arable land, 562 acres of meadows and 5766 acres of forest.

In the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, based on December 1867, the parish village Unter-Schönmattenwag with its own mayor's office includes 78 houses, 639 inhabitants, the Lindenfels district, the Wald-Michelbach district court , the Protestant parish Wald-Michelbach of the Lindenfels dean's office and the Catholic parish Parish Unter-Schönmattenwag of the Deanery Heppenheim, indicated. The mayor's office also managed the hamlet of Flockenbusch (15 houses, 88 inh.), The branch village of Ludwigsdorf (23 houses, 145 in.) And the hamlet of Corsika (13 houses, 69 in.).

After the Grand Duchy of Hesse had been part of the German Empire from 1871, a series of administrative reforms were decided in 1874. The state-specific rules of procedure as well as the administration of the districts and provinces were regulated by district and provincial assemblies. The new regulation came into force on July 12, 1874 and also decreed the dissolution of the Lindenfels and Wimpfen districts and the reintegration of Unter-Schönmattenwag into the Heppenheim district .

The Hessian provinces of Starkenburg, Rheinhessen and Upper Hesse were abolished in 1937 after the provincial and district assemblies were dissolved in 1936. On November 1, 1938, a comprehensive regional reform came into force at the district level. In the former province of Starkenburg, the Bensheim district was particularly affected, as it was dissolved and most of it was added to the Heppenheim district. The district of Heppenheim also took over the legal successor to the district of Bensheim and was given the new name Landkreis Bergstrasse .

The Grand Duchy of Hesse was a member state of the German Confederation from 1815 to 1866 and then a federal state of the German Empire . It existed until 1919, after the First World War, the Grand Duchy for was republican written People's State of Hesse . In 1945 after the end of the Second World War , the area of ​​today's Hesse was in the American zone of occupation and by order of the military government, Greater Hesse was created , from which the state of Hesse emerged in its current borders.

In 1961 the district size was given as 2141  ha , of which 1786 ha were forest.

On the occasion of the regional reform in Hesse , the community joined the community of Wald-Michelbach on December 31, 1971. For Unter-Schönmattenwag a local district with a local advisory board and a local councilor was set up.

Courts in Hessen

On the occasion of the abolition of the administrative and judicial offices by the Grand Ducal Hessian Ordinance of July 14, 1821, the Hirschhorn Regional Court was formed, the district of which was initially congruent with the Hirschhorn District District and thus out of the former Hirschhorn office with the communities of Darsberg , Grein and Hirschhorn , Langenthal , Neckarhausen , Unterschönmattenwag and Neckarsteinach existed.

As a result of the reorganization of the judicial districts in the Starkenburg Province with effect from June 1, 1853, Unterschönmattenwag was assigned to the newly established Waldmichelbach Regional Court . On the occasion of the introduction of the Courts Constitution Act with effect from October 1, 1879, as a result of which the previous grand-ducal Hessian regional courts were replaced by local courts in the same place, while the newly created regional courts now functioned as higher courts, the name was changed to the Wald-Michelbach District Court and assigned to the district of the Darmstadt Regional Court .

After the district court of Wald-Michelbach had already been temporarily downgraded to a branch of the district court of Fürth in 1943, this court was finally dissolved on July 1, 1968 and incorporated into the district court district of Fürth. But Unter- and Ober-Schönmattenwag came to the district of the Hirschhorn (Neckar) branch of the Fürth district court. On November 1, 2003, this branch was finally closed.

Historical descriptions

In the attempt of a complete geographical-historical description of the Elector. Pfalz am Rheine can be found in 1786 via Unter-Schönmattenwag, as part of the "Hirschhorn Office":

» Unterschönmattenwag , this village is located deep in the Odenwald on the Große Kerben - or Ulfenbach, 2½ hours from Hirschhorn and right at Oberschönmattenwag. It belongs with all justice, Vogte, Atzung, Frohndienst ec. to the reign of Hirschhorn. The rulers had also brought the ban wine there for the consecration of the church from ancient times. Like the same iniquity, carnival, main right (serfdom), tear and consequence; furthermore a dog house, a farmstead with a barn ec. This village was previously a branch of Heddesbach but had its own chapel, which was built by the Hirschhorn family and with the contribution of the local residents (the time is not known) to this chapel in 1461 Melchior von Hirschhorn donated a benefactor or chaplain and wieß the necessary favors. This chapel subsequently became a parish church and parish. The lordly manor and courtyard, Scheuer ec. bought the Hirschhorn monastery in 1698 for 25 florins from the barons of Metternich, who had also received it for sale in 162Z from Margaretha von Hirschhorn, born of Hatzfeld. Probably afterwards this estate was moved to the parish there. In 1556 there were 46 houses in Schönmattenwage, but as of today there are 103 houses in which 768 souls live. The place also has 2 fruit mills on the Kerbenbach and a common forest called Hackwald. In 1556, the manorial forests amounted to 2,268 acres; I do not know whether they are so considerable. A head forester lives in Hirschhorn to handle the forest regulations and has 4 areas under him, namely: Hirschhorn, Gorxheim, Neckarsteinach and Waldmichelbach. The court and the parish of Unterschönmattenwag also include the Schönbrunnerhof, or rather the hamlet of Schönbrunn, because it consists of 6 houses with 72 souls. It is lordly and inherently bestowed. There is also a mill and the newly laid out Corsica courtyard "

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports in 1829 about Unter-Schönmattenwag:

»Unterschönmattenwaag (L. Bez. Hirschhorn), cath. Parish village; is located on the Ulvenbach, 2 1 ⁄ 2   St. from Hirschhorn in the mountains, has 101 houses, 835 inhabitants, the other than 17 Luth. and 3 reform. cath, then a paper mill and a market annually. - The place used to be a branch of the now Baden town of Heddesheim, but even then it had its own chapel, which was subsequently elevated to a parish church. The village came from Mainz to Hesse in 1802. "

The latest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states from 1845 states:

»Unterschönmattenwaag near Hirschhorn. - Catholic parish church village. - 101 H. 835 E. (incl. 20 Evangel.). - Grand Duke. Hesse. - Prov. Starkenburg. - District of Heppenheim. - Hirschhorn district court. - Darmstadt Court of Justice. - The village of Unterschönmattenwaag, on the Ulvenbach, in the mountains, has 1 paper mill and holds a fair. The place passed from Mainz to Hesse in 1802. "

Population development

The following population figures are documented:

  • 1961: Protestant (= 11.39%), 881 Catholic (= 87.23%) residents
Unter-Schönmattenwag: Population from 1829 to 1970
year     Residents
1829
  
 835
1834
  
 1,302
1840
  
 1,513
1846
  
 1,667
1852
  
 1,513
1858
  
 1,602
1864
  
 1,369
1871
  
 1,335
1875
  
 1,328
1885
  
 1,365
1895
  
 1,150
1905
  
 1,063
1910
  
 981
1925
  
 866
1939
  
 870
1946
  
 1,156
1950
  
 1,074
1956
  
 988
1961
  
 1.010
1967
  
 1,094
1970
  
 1,086
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Other sources:

coat of arms

On August 2, 1967, the community of Unter-Schönmattenwag was awarded a coat of arms with the following blazon : In red under the silver mark SW, a golden five-ended stag pole.

traffic

The state road L 3105 runs through Unter-Schönmattenwag along the Ulfenbach from Aschbach via Ober-Schönmattenwag in the north to Heddesbach and Hirschhorn (Neckar) in the south.

Personalities

literature

  • Konrad Dahl: Historical-topographical-statistical description of the principality of Lorsch, or church history of the Upper Rhinegau , Darmstadt 1812. ( online at google books)
  • Georg W. Wagner: October 1829: Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg, Volume 1

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Unter-Schönmattenwag, Bergstrasse district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of May 24, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ Information about the whole congregation ( Memento from February 19, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  3. ↑ Corsica and Strasbourg? Strange names in the Überwald ( Memento from May 9, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  4. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 349 .
  5. ↑ Committees & Tasks. Information on the local councils ( Memento from April 2, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  6. ^ Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus : Germany for a hundred years: Abth. Germany fifty years ago . tape 3 . Voigt & Günther, Leipzig 1862, OCLC 311428620 , p. 358 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  7. ^ M. Borchmann, D. Breithaupt, G. Kaiser: Kommunalrecht in Hessen . W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-555-01352-1 , p. 20 ( partial view on google books ).
  8. ↑ Law on the Conditions of the Class Lords and Noble Court Lords of August 7, 1848 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1848 no. 40 , p. 237–241 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 42,9 MB ]).
  9. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Grand Duchy into circles of May 12, 1852 . In: Grand Ducal Hessian Ministry of the Interior (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette 1852 No. 30 . S. 224–229 ( online at the Bavarian State Library digital [PDF]).
  10. ↑ Wolfgang Torge : History of geodesy in Germany . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York 2007, ISBN 3-11-019056-7 , pp. 172 ( partial view on google books ).
  11. ↑ Philipp Alexander Ferdinand Walther: The Grand Duchy of Hesse according to history, country, people, state and locality. Jonghans, Darmstadt 1854, p. 350 ( online at google books )
  12. ↑ Alphabetical list of places to live in the Grand Duchy of Hesse , 1869, page 88 ( online at google books )
  13. ↑ Martin Kukowski: Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt: Tradition from the former Grand Duchy and the People's State of Hesse. Volume 3 , KG Saur, 1998, ISBN 3-598-23252-7
  14. ↑ Headlines from Bensheim on the 175th anniversary of the "Bergsträßer Anzeiger". (PDF; 9.0 MB) The creation of the Bergstrasse district. 2007, p. 109 , archived from the original on October 5, 2016 ; Retrieved February 9, 2015 .
  15. ↑ The division of the country into district councils and district courts relating to July 14, 1821 ( Hess. Reg.Bl. pp. 403-415)
  16. ↑ Announcement, 1. the establishment of new regional courts in Darmstadt and Waldmichelbach, 2. the future composition of the city and regional court districts in the Starkenburg province on May 20, 1853 ( Hess. Reg.Bl. p. 377)
  17. ^ Ordinance on the implementation of the German Courts Constitution Act and the Introductory Act to the Courts Constitution Act of May 14, 1879 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1879 no. 15 , p. 197–211 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 17.8 MB ]).
  18. ↑ Second law amending the Court Organization Act (Amends GVBl. II 210–16) of February 12, 1968 . In: The Hessian Minister of Justice (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1968 No. 4 , p. 41–44 , Article 1, Paragraph 1 g) and Article 2, Paragraph 1 c) ( online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 298 kB ]).
  19. ↑ Subject: Court organization (establishment of branches of local courts) of July 1, 1964 . In: The Hessian Minister of Justice (Ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1968 No. 28 , p. 1037 , item 777: Section 1, Paragraph 1.b) ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 2.8 MB ]).
  20. ↑ Third ordinance on the adjustment of the organizational rules of the court (changes GVBl. II 210–33; GVBl. II 210–86) of October 10, 2003 . In: The Hessian Minister of Justice (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 2003 No. 16 , p. 291 , Article 1, Paragraph 3) ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 531 kB ]). refers to the order on the establishment and jurisdiction of judicial branches (changes GVBl. II 210-33) of May 24, 1974 . In: Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 18 , p. 539 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 1.6 MB ]).
  21. ↑ Konrad Dahl, p. 508f ( online at Google Books )
  22. ↑ Georg W. Wagner: Volume 1, p. 251 ( online at Google Books )
  23. ↑ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch : The latest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states , Naumburg 1845, Volume 2, p. 694 ( online at Hathi Trust, digital library )
  24. ↑ Approval of a coat of arms of the community Unter-Schönmattenwag, district Bergstrasse, administrative district Darmstadt from August 2, 1967 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1967 No. 34 , p. 1026 , point 847 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 4.1 MB ]).