Schoenberg (Bensheim)

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Schoenberg
City of Bensheim
Schoenberg coat of arms
Coordinates: 49 ° 41 ′ 39 "  N , 8 ° 38 ′ 52"  E
Height : 144 m above sea level NHN
Area : 1.93 km²
Residents : 861  (Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 446 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : April 1, 1939
Postal code : 64625
Area code : 06251
map
Map of Bensheim with the Schönberg district

Schoenberg is from April 1, 1939, a district of Bensheim on the Bergstraße in southern Hesse Bergstraße district . The small town on Nibelungenstrasse is known for its landmark, the Schönberg Castle .

geography

The town of Schönberg with about 770 inhabitants is located in the lower Odenwald in the Lauter valley, named after the Lauter river , which flows from the Neunkircher Höhe via Bensheim to the Upper Rhine Plain and flows into the Rhine at Gernsheim . The federal road 47 , which comes from Bensheim through the Lautertal into the deeper Odenwald, is also known as the Nibelungenstrasse . Following the Lautertal, you reach Wilmshausen , another district of Bensheim, and then the Lautertal community . Neighborhoods are Wilmshausen in the east, Gronau in the southeast, Zell in the southwest, Bensheim in the west and Hochstädten in the north.

history

From the beginning to the 18th century

The history of the village of Schönberg is closely linked to Schönberg Palace, which was built as a castle around 1230. The first documentary mention was made in 1303 under the name castrum Schonenberg , in an arbitration award between the Lords of Breuberg and the Schenken von Erbach because of the palaces of Erbach and Schönberg. Schönberg was also mentioned as Schoninberg (1321), Schenberg (1375), Schonburg (1452), Schonberg (1462), Schoenbergkh, Schoenberg, Schonbergh (1510) and Schönberg (1588).

The region around Schönberg was part of the "Mark Heppenheim" that Charlemagne and Heppenheim gave to the imperial monastery of Lorsch on January 20, 773 . When after the decline of the monastery, in 1232 Emperor Friedrich II. The empire abbey Lorsch to the archbishopric Mainz and his bishop Siegfried III. Submitted by Eppstein for reform, the area of ​​the later office of Schönberg was in the possession of the Count Palatine .

In 1339 Schönberg was then owned by the Count Palatine as a fiefdom . Because this year comes a certificate in the Schenk Konrad von Erbach his wife Kunigunde, nee. Brugge, with will of his lords Pfalzgraf Rudolf , with a quarter of the castle Schoenberg to the slopes belong to Schoenberg, Elmshausen, Wilms home, Gronau, Zell and Reilenbach, bewittumt . Already in 1363 Konrad von Erbach had his wife Anna born. Erbach, with the approval of Count Palatine Ruprecht, with the Bedewein zu Schönberg as a morning gift . The county of Erbach , from 1500 onwards belonged to the Franconian Empire and the taverns of Erbach were elevated to the status of imperial count in 1532. The high jurisdiction over the place was exercised by the Zent Heppenheim , whose highest judge was the burgrave on the Starkenburg (over Heppenheim), first mentioned in 1267 .

In the course of the Bavarian feud in 1504 the castle and the entire valley of the Lauter were devastated by the troops of the Hessian Landgrave Wilhelm . As executor of the imperial ban imposed on the Electoral Palatinate, he led a campaign against the Electoral Palatinate and its allies, including the Counts of Erbach. After the armistice concluded in 1504, the taverns in Erbach complained against the Hessian Landgrave Wilhelm to surrender the castle. In 1507, Emperor Maximilian referred this complaint to the Imperial Court of Justice. The dispute ended in 1510 with a settlement after the castle was returned to the taverns of Erbach, but subject to permanent opening for Hesse.

In the 16th century the Reformation also found its way into the Odenwald and in 1544 the Counts of Erbach introduced the Lutheran creed for their county , which the subjects had to follow.

After the devastation in the Bavarian feud, the village was able to recover until the Thirty Years War , which began in 1618. In the last years of peace in particular, there was lively construction activity in the castle and village. By 1622 at the latest, Schönberg also had to suffer from the war, when League troops attacked and plundered the village several times. In the mid-1630s, the Swedish-French War was the bloodiest chapter of the Thirty Years' War. The chroniclers of that time reported from the region: “Plague and hunger rage in the country and decimate the population, so that the villages are often completely empty”. When peace was signed in 1648, the population in the region had shrunk to a quarter, and many villages were deserted for years. After a short period of peace, the French Reunion Wars followed , which brought new afflictions to the region. In the autumn of 1696, during the War of the Palatinate Succession, Schönberg Palace was attacked. It was not until the Peace of Rijswijk in 1697 that the French withdrew behind the Rhine.

In 1717 the Erbacher Grafenhaus was divided and Schönberg Castle became the seat of the younger line Erbach-Schönberg under Count Georg August von Erbach-Schönberg. This received the offices of Schönberg and King and half of the reign of Breuberg . The Erbach-Schönberg line made the castle their place of residence, which gave it its current castle character.

From the 19th century until today

The place with the castle above it in 1851 (pen drawing by Johann Meinrad Bayrer )

Schönberg becomes Hessian

The late 18th and early 19th centuries brought far-reaching changes to Europe. As a result of the Napoleonic Wars , the Holy Roman Empire (German Nation) was reorganized by the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of 1803. This last work of law of the Old Kingdom implemented the provisions of the Peace of Luneville and thus ushered in the end of the Old Kingdom. Under pressure from Napoléon , the Confederation of the Rhine was founded in 1806 , this happened with the simultaneous withdrawal of the member territories from the Reich. This led to the laying down of the imperial crown on August 6, 1806 , with which the Old Empire ceased to exist. On August 14, 1806, Napoleon elevated the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt to the Grand Duchy , against joining the Confederation of the Rhine and placing high military contingents in France , otherwise he threatened an invasion. The County of Erbach was mediated by the Rhine Federation Act and largely incorporated into the newly founded Grand Duchy of Hesse, including the “Office of Schönberg”. The office was initially retained as a civil office.

As early as December 9, 1803, the judicial system in the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt was reorganized through an executive order. The “Hofgericht Darmstadt” was set up as a court of second instance for the Principality of Starkenburg . The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or the landlords . The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate . With this the Zente and the associated central courts had lost their function. The regulations also applied in the Grand Duchy of Hesse, founded in 1806.

After Napoléon's final defeat, the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15 also regulated the territorial situation for Hesse and confirmed that the County of Erbach was part of the “Principality of Starkenburg” of the Grand Duchy of Hesse. As a result, provinces were formed in the Grand Duchy in 1816 and the area previously known as the “Principality of Starkenburg” was renamed “Province of Starkenburg” . In 1814 serfdom was abolished in the Grand Duchy and with the constitution of the Grand Duchy of Hesse introduced on December 17, 1820, it was given a constitutional monarchy , in which the Grand Duke still had great powers. The remaining civil rights magnificent as Low jurisdiction , tithes, ground rents and other slope but remained partially until 1848 exist.

In 1821/22, as part of a comprehensive administrative reform, the district bailiffs in the provinces of Starkenburg and Upper Hesse of the Grand Duchy were dissolved and district councils were introduced, with Schönberg being assigned to the district of Lindenfels in 1822 . As part of this reform, regional courts were also created, which were now independent of the administration. The district court districts corresponded in scope to the district council districts and the district court of Fürth was responsible as the court of first instance for the district of Lindenfels . For the office of Schönberg, the lower jurisdiction was exercised in the name of the landlords by the district administrator. It was not until 1826 that all functions of the former rulers' office in Schönberg were transferred to the state institutions. This reform also arranged the administrative administration at the municipal level. According to the municipal ordinance of June 30, 1821, there were no longer appointments of mayors , but an elected local council, which was composed of a mayor, aldermen and council.

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Schönberg in 1829:

»Schönberg (L. Bez. Lindenfels) Lutheran Filialdorf; is 3 St. from Lindenfels and ½ St. from Bensheim, in a narrow, wild and romantic valley on the Ziegelbach . The village belongs to the Count of Erbach-Schönberg and stretches in half a moon around the steep mountain (mons speciosus) on which the castle of the same name is located. There are 78 houses and 538 inhabitants, the other 75 Cath., 3 Reform. and 13 Jews are Lutheran. The castle, the residence of Count von Erbach-Schönberg, is situated on a steep hill, has a venerable, ancient appearance, and is surrounded by several friendly grounds, which stretch around the mountain, and from which surprising views of the mountains open up. There is a bone mill in Schönberg. - In all likelihood Schönberg was once the property of the Lorsch monastery, from which the Count Palatine, as monastery governors, probably came to the Erbach taverns as a fief. In the 14th century Schönberg was a Gauerbenschloss of the Erbach family and had its own truce. In 1375 Schenk Heinrich left the fourth part of the castle to Count Heinrich von Spanheim for life. In the Bavarian feud, Schönbern was conquered by Landgrave Wilhelm II and terribly destroyed. It was not until 1510 that the Counts of Erbach received the castle back on the condition that in future it would no longer be a fief of the Palatinate but of Hesse. The lock has now been restored. During the Thirty Years' War the castle had to surrender to the Spaniards in June 1622, who plundered it, but did not destroy it. Several Roman antiquities were found on the Schlossberg; namely a patera ; on the same stood a large, stuffed with soil and bone ossuary in the cavity of a small ash pot was located. Several urns have also been discovered in early times. In 1806 Schönberg came under Hess. Your Highness and was the seat of the Schönberg Regional Court until 1826, which was merged with the Fürth Regional Court at that time. "

In 1832 the administrative units were further enlarged and circles were created. After the reorganization announced on August 20, 1832, there should only be the districts of Bensheim and Lindenfels in the future in Süd-Starkenburg; the district of Heppenheim was to fall into the Bensheim district. Even before the entry into force in October 15, 1832 but this was revised to the effect that instead of the circle Lindenfels next to the circle Bensheim the county Heppenheim was formed as the second circle to the now Schönberg belonged. In 1842 the tax system in the Grand Duchy was reformed and the tithe and the basic pensions (income from property) were replaced by a tax system of the kind that still exists today. With the Grand Ducal Government Ordinance No. 37 of December 31, 1839, Schönberg was added to the Bensheim district with effect from January 15, 1840 . In it, other places in the Zeller and Schönberger valleys were separated from the Heppenheim district and added to the Bensheim district.

Starting in 1839, the Nibelungenstrasse was expanded from Bensheim into the Lautertal to Lindenfels, thereby making an important contribution to improving the infrastructure of the front Odenwald . A further improvement was achieved with the opening of the Main-Neckar Railway in 1846, which initially connected Bensheim with Langen , Darmstadt and Heppenheim and a little later extended to Frankfurt and Mannheim .

The following entry can be found in the latest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states from 1845:

»Schönberg b. Lindenfels. - Village with a castle, for evangelism. Parish of Gronau, resp. Catholic parish Bensheim belonging. - Pop. 78 H. 538 (mostly Lutheran) - Grand Duchy of Hesse. - Starkenburg Province. - Bensheim district. - District Court of Zwingenberg. - Darmstadt Court of Justice. - The village of Schönberg, belonging to the rulership of the Count of Erbach-Schönberg, lies in a narrow, wildly romantic valley, on the tile roof, and stretches in half a moon around the steep mountain that bears the castle of the same name. This, the residence of the landlord, has a venerable, ancient reputation and is surrounded by several friendly grounds that enclose the mountain. Incidentally, there are 4 mills, 1 iron hammer, 1 iron foundry, 2 brickworks and 1 district tax collection in the village. - The place has only been under the sovereignty of the Grand Ducal Hesse since 1806. «

As a result of the March Revolution of 1848, with the "Law on the Relationships of the Classes and Noble Court Lords" of April 15, 1848, the special rights of the class were finally repealed. In addition, in the provinces, the districts and the district administration districts of the Grand Duchy were abolished on July 31, 1848 and replaced by "administrative districts", whereby the previous districts of Bensheim and Heppenheim were combined to form the administrative district of Heppenheim . Just four years later, in the course of the reaction era, they returned to the division into districts and Schönberg became part of the Bensheim district again.

The population and cadastral lists recorded in December 1852 showed for Schönberg: Lutheran parish village with 565 inhabitants, four mills and a brick factory. The district consists of 774 acres , including 377 acres of arable land, 42 acres of meadows and 272 acres of forest.

In the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, based on December 1867, the parish village of Schönberg with its own mayor's office , 81 houses, 507 inhabitants, the district of Bensheim, the district court of Zwingenberg , the Protestant parish of Gronau with the deanery in Lindenfels and the Catholic parish of Lindenfels des Deanery Heppenheim, indicated. The responsible tax commissioner's office is Bensheim, the Bensheim district collecting agency and the Bensheim district collecting agency. The domain administration consists of the Lindenfels Rent Office, the Youth Home Forest Office and the Zwingenberg Forestry Department.

In 1870, the Prussian Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck provoked the Franco-German War with the so-called Emser Depesche in which the Grand Duchy of Hesse took part as a member of the North German Confederation on the side of Prussia . Even before its official end on May 10, 1871, the southern German states joined the North German Confederation and on January 1, 1871 its new constitution came into force, with which it was now called the German Empire . On the German side, this war claimed around 41,000 deaths. With the Reich Coin Act , Germany only had one currency, the mark with 100 pfennigs as a sub-unit. After the Grand Duchy of Hesse had been part of the German Empire from 1871, a series of administrative reforms were decided in 1874. The state-specific rules of procedure as well as the administration of the districts and provinces were regulated by district and provincial assemblies.

It was not until the beginning of the 19th century that we received information about the population structure from various lists. In 1834 469 souls are counted, including 21 of the Jewish faith. 16 farmhouses, 38 craftsmen and day laborers' houses are named. The population is described as poor. This situation only changed with the construction of the railway along Bergstrasse in the middle of the 19th century, which enabled people to look for work outside the town. The new means of transport also made it possible for numerous excursionists to visit the Bergstrasse and the front Odenwald on the weekends.

The village has had a kindergarten since 1872, and the first school can be traced back to 1630. In 1900 the classicistic Marienkirche from 1832 fell victim to a fire. Arson was assumed to be the cause. As early as 1901 the church could be rebuilt in the old style.

Further infrastructure improvements were reported for 1900, so near Worms both the Ernst Ludwig Bridge for road traffic and the railway bridge over the Rhine were opened to traffic. The numbers of emigrants show that the times were also marked by a lot of poverty. From 1881 to 1900, 529,875 German emigrants were counted. On January 1, 1900, the Civil Code came into force throughout the German Empire .

Time of world wars

On August 1, 1914, the First World War broke out, which put an end to the positive economic development in Schönberg as in the whole of the German Empire . When the armistice was signed after the German defeat on November 11, 1918, Schönberg had many casualties to mourn, while the war cost a total of around 17 million human lives. The end of the German Empire was thus sealed, and the troubled times of the Weimar Republic followed. In the period from 1921 to 1930, there were 566,500 emigrants in Germany who tried to escape the difficult conditions in Germany.

On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler became Chancellor, which marked the end of the Weimar Republic and the beginning of the National Socialist dictatorship. In November 1938 the so-called Reichskristallnacht brought hardship and misery to the Jewish fellow citizens. The Jewish residents of Schönberg belonged to the Jewish community of Bensheim, whose synagogue was burned down by SS men that day.

The Hessian provinces of Starkenburg, Rheinhessen and Upper Hesse were abolished in 1937 after the provincial and district assemblies were dissolved in 1936. On November 1, 1938, a comprehensive regional reform came into force at the district level. In the former province of Starkenburg, the Bensheim district was particularly affected, as it was dissolved and most of it was added to the Heppenheim district. The district of Heppenheim also took over the legal successor to the district of Bensheim and was given the new name Landkreis Bergstrasse .

On March 1, 1939, Schönberg was incorporated into Bensheim.

On September 1, 1939, when German troops marched into Poland, the Second World War began , the effects of which were even more dramatic than the First World War and the number of victims estimated at 60 to 70 million people. In the final phase of the Second World War in Europe, the American units reached the Rhine between Mainz and Mannheim in mid-March 1945. On March 22nd, the 3rd US Army crossed the Rhine near Oppenheim and occupied Darmstadt on March 25th. In the first hours of March 26, 1945, American units crossed the Rhine near Hamm and south of Worms, from where they advanced on a broad front towards the Bergstrasse. On March 27, the American troops were in Lorsch, Bensheim and Heppenheim and a day later Aschaffenburg am Main and the western and northern parts of the Odenwald were occupied. The war in Europe ended with the unconditional surrender of all German troops, which came into effect on May 8, 1945 at 11:01 p.m. Central European Time.

The Grand Duchy of Hesse was a member state of the German Confederation from 1815 to 1866 and then a federal state of the German Empire . It existed until 1919, after the First World War, the Grand Duchy for was republican written People's State of Hesse . In 1945 after the end of the Second World War , the area of ​​today's Hesse was in the American zone of occupation and by order of the military government, Greater Hesse was created , from which the state of Hesse emerged in its current borders.

Post-war and present

Industrialization found its way into Schönberg only slowly. Some of the former mills were still used as stone works or mechanical workshops, but none of them exist today. Some companies in the textile industry that settled here after the Second World War no longer exist. Today the largest employers in town are the Christoffel-Blindenmission and the Schönberg Castle, which is operated as an educational institution.

Courts in Hessen

The competent jurisdiction was the municipal office of Schönberg until 1822, while it was part of Hesse . From 1822 to 1826 Schönberg then belonged to the district court district of Schönberg in which the lower jurisdiction was exercised by the district administrator on behalf of the landlord. From 1826 these functions were assigned to the Fürth district court . Schönberg was spun off again in the course of its assignment to the Bensheim district in 1839 and came to the Zwingenberg district court . On the occasion of the introduction of the Courts Constitution Act with effect from October 1, 1879, the previous grand-ducal Hessian regional courts were replaced by local courts in the same place, while the newly created regional courts functioned as higher courts. As a result, it was renamed the District Court of Zwingenberg and assigned to the district of the Regional Court of Darmstadt . In 1934 the Zwingenberg District Court was dissolved and the tasks were transferred to the Bensheim District Court .

Origin of name

  • 1303 Schonenberg ; -burg and in the village of Schoenenberg ['ʃøːnəmbɝʒ]
  • 1375 Schenberg ;
  • 1443 Schonberg the lock.

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Schönberg was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

Population development

 Source: City of Bensheim

  • 1717: 13 cent men
  • 1829: 538 inhabitants, 78 houses
  • 1867: 507 inhabitants, 84 houses
  • 2007: 734 inhabitants
  • 2010: 715 inhabitants
  • 2011: 693 inhabitants (2011 census)
  • 2015: 753 inhabitants
  • 2032: 650 inhabitants (forecast)
Schönberg: Population from 1829 to 1925
year     Residents
1829
  
 538
1834
  
 498
1840
  
 566
1846
  
 580
1852
  
 565
1858
  
 627
1864
  
 534
1871
  
 499
1875
  
 510
1885
  
 536
1895
  
 510
1905
  
 471
1910
  
 467
1925
  
 532
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Other sources:

politics

For Schönberg there is a local district (areas of the former municipality of Schönberg) with a local advisory board and local councilor according to the Hessian municipal code . The local advisory board consists of seven members. Since the local elections in 2016, he has seven members of the “Schönberg” (SfS) electoral list. Mayor is Michael Lortz (SfS).

Sights and culture

The Schönberg Castle. In the right background you can see the Melibokus and on the left side of the picture in the middle the Schönberger Forsthaus
Schönberger Kreuz near Bensheim-Schönberg. Erected by Princess Marie zu Erbach-Schönberg in 1915

Buildings

  • The Schönberger Schloss was first mentioned as a castle in 1303. The castle was destroyed and then rebuilt as a castle. Until 1956 it was owned by the Princes and Counts of Erbach-Schönberg. Since 1957 it has been a pension home for the miners and since 1996 it has also been an education center. The former stately gardener's house is located on the walls of the castle park. If you follow the path there, you come to the former ice cellar. Here, the ice obtained in winter in a pond in the Hofweg was stored. It stayed there until summer and was used in the castle kitchen to cool food.
  • The former village smithy is located in Hofweg. The "Stockeschmiede", as it is called by the people of Schönberg, started operations in 1870 and closed in 1940.
  • The “Herrenmühle” is located on Nibelungenstrasse. It was first mentioned in 1555 and was formerly owned by the Counts of Erbach-Schönberg. Today it is in the state it was in after the fire of 1901. The mill was stopped in 1956.
  • A few meters further is the village square with the house on the village square, which was built in 1937 for the Hitler Youth , which is why it was previously called the "Hitler Youth Home". It was created by the Schönberg e. V. renovated from 1983 to 1985 and now serves as its clubhouse. Right next to it is the last Schönberg school and town hall. It was built in 1885. The third school hall is from 1954. In 1975 the school was closed. In today's fire station on the B 47, there used to be the tithe barn , which was built in 1619 to store the taxes in kind, the tithe . In 2001 and 2002 it was converted into a fire brigade base . The rent office is right next door. It was the administrative and tax office of the former office of Schönberg. It was first mentioned in 1616. From 1822 to 1826 it was the seat of the Schönberg Regional Court.
  • Diagonally opposite, in the property at Nibelungenstraße 166, is the former count's rent chamber , which was built around 1870. A few houses further is the home of Countess Mathilde zu Erbach-Schönberg (1816–1872). At times it was also used as a rectory. Today it is a restaurant.
  • The Protestant St. Mary's Church is easily visible from Bensheim's Nibelungenstrasse. It is on a hill before a right-hand bend at the Sparkasse. It was inaugurated in 1832, the architect was Ignaz Opfermann . Next door are the graves of the princes and counts of Erbach-Schönberg.
  • The Catholic Church of St. Elisabeth is located on Neuen Schlossweg and was built in 1956. The bell tower is from 1966.
  • The Hunnerd-Joar-Brunne is located on the Alter Schlossweg . It was built on the 100th year of Schönberg's founding with the help of the city of Bensheim and the Schoenberg Castle Miners' Pension Home . There is also the local monument 700 years Schönberg 2003 .

All buildings worth seeing are marked with signs or boards.

societies

traffic

Schönberg is located directly on the B47 and is therefore exposed to through traffic into the “deeper Odenwald”. Bensheim , Lautertal , Lindenfels , Winterkasten and Reichelsheim can also be reached without a car or bicycle via the 665 bus .

See also

Web links

Commons : Bensheim-Schoenberg  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bensheim in numbers (only residents with main residence). In: website. City of Bensheim, accessed July 2019 .
  2. ^ Incorporation of the communities Auerbach, Schönberg and Zell into the city of Bensheim on February 22, 1939 . In: Reichsstatthalter in Hessen (Hrsg.): Hessisches Regierungsblatt. 1939 no. 5 , p. 25 , no. 2368 / L / 38 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 10.9 MB ]).
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Wilhelm Müller: Hessian place names book: Starkenburg . Ed .: Historical Commission for the People's State of Hesse. tape 1 . Self-published, Darmstadt 1937, DNB  366995820 , OCLC 614375103 , p. 641-642 .
  4. ↑ a b c d e f Schönberg, Bergstrasse district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of May 8, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  5. ↑ a b Manfred Schaarschmidt: The history of Schönberg. January 2003, archived from the original on March 27, 2009 ; Retrieved May 6, 2013 .
  6. ↑ Announcement, the administration of the district administration's business and the judiciary of the first instance in the former office of Schönberg on July 7, 1826 . In: Grand Ducal Hessian Ministry of the Interior and Justice (Ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1826 no. 17 , p. 178 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 36,9 MB ]).
  7. ^ M. Borchmann, D. Breithaupt, G. Kaiser: Kommunalrecht in Hessen . W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-555-01352-1 , p. 20 ( partial view on google books ).
  8. ^ A b Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Starkenburg . tape 1 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt October 1829, OCLC 312528080 , p. 214 ( online at google books ).
  9. ↑ District change with regard to the Bensheim and Heppenheim districts, ... from December 26, 1839 . In: Grand Ducal Hessian Ministry of the Interior and Justice (Ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1839 no. 37 , p. 480 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 72.2 MB ]).
  10. ↑ Headlines from Bensheim on the 175th anniversary of the "Bergsträßer Anzeiger" 2007. (PDF 8.61 MB) A terrible path through the valley. P. 38 , archived from the original on October 5, 2016 ; accessed on December 28, 2014 .
  11. ^ Johann Friedrich Kratzsch : The newest and most thorough alphabetical lexicon of all localities in the German federal states . Part 2nd volume 2 . Zimmermann, Naumburg 1845, OCLC 162810705 , p. 523 ( online at google books ).
  12. ↑ Law on the Conditions of the Class Lords and Noble Court Lords of August 7, 1848 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1848 no. 40 , p. 237–241 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 42,9 MB ]).
  13. ^ Ordinance on the division of the Grand Duchy into circles of May 12, 1852 . In: Grand Ducal Hessian Ministry of the Interior (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette 1852 No. 30 . S. 224–229 ( online at the Bavarian State Library digital [PDF]).
  14. ↑ Wolfgang Torge : History of geodesy in Germany . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York 2007, ISBN 3-11-019056-7 , pp. 172 ( partial view on google books ).
  15. ^ Ph. AF Walther : The Grand Duchy of Hessen: according to history, country, people, state and locality . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1854, DNB  730150224 , OCLC 866461332 , p. 299 ( online at google books ).
  16. ↑ a b Ph. AF Walther : Alphabetical index of residential places in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . G. Jonghaus, Darmstadt 1869, OCLC 162355422 , p. 80 ( online at google books ).
  17. ^ Lists of casualties of the German army in the campaign 1870/71. In: Online project fallen memorials. Archived from the original on May 6, 2015 ; accessed on May 10, 2018 .
  18. ↑ Headlines from Bensheim on the 175th anniversary of the "Bergsträßer Anzeiger" 2007: "Arson in the Marienkirche". P. 103
  19. ↑ Biblis timetable. In: website. Biblis community, accessed December 2019 .
  20. ↑ Headlines from Bensheim on the 175th anniversary of the "Bergsträßer Anzeiger". (PDF; 9.0 MB) The creation of the Bergstrasse district. 2007, p. 109 , archived from the original on December 20, 2014 ; Retrieved February 9, 2015 .
  21. ^ Ordinance on the implementation of the German Courts Constitution Act and the Introductory Act to the Courts Constitution Act of May 14, 1879 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1879 no. 15 , p. 197–211 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 17.8 MB ]).
  22. ^ Heinrich Tischner: settlement names between the Rhine, Main, Neckar and Itter. December 24, 2009, accessed May 6, 2013 .
  23. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  24. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 1 . Großherzoglicher Staatsverlag, Darmstadt 1862, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 894925483 , p. 43 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  25. ^ District monitoring. (PDF; 280 kB) Schönberg key figures. City of Bensheim, p. 33 , accessed July 2019 .
  26. ↑ Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. (PDF; 1.8 MB) In: 2011 Census . Hessian State Statistical Office;
  27. ↑ main statute. (PDF; 69 kB) § 6. In: Website. City of Bensheim, p. 5 , accessed December 2019 .
  28. ^ Result of the local advisory board Schönberg 2016. In: Website. City of Bensheim, accessed December 2019 .
  29. ↑ Local Advisory Board 2016. In: Website. City of Bensheim, accessed December 2019 .
  30. ↑ Evangelical Parish Church Bensheim-Schönberg  in the German Digital Library