Patershausen
| Cistercian convent Patershausen | |
|---|---|
| location |
Germany Hessen |
| Coordinates: | 50 ° 2 '2.4 " N , 8 ° 48' 23.4" E |
| Patronage | Maria |
| founding year | 1252 |
| Year of dissolution / annulment |
1556 |
| Mother monastery | Arnsburg Monastery |
Patershausen is now an estate and was formerly a Benedictine , later a Cistercian monastery in the Heusenstamm district ( Hesse ). It lies between Heusenstamm and Dietzenbach , on the right bank of the Bieber .
history
First monastery
It is claimed that it was founded in Carolingian times, but there is no evidence. It is also not identical with the Rotaha monastery , which is documented in the 8th and 9th centuries and was probably located in the center of Ober-Roden . The oldest mention of the Church of the Virgin Mary in Patershausen comes from a list of donations from the end of the 12th and beginning of the 13th century. A Benedictine foundation by Kuno I von Hagen-Münzenberg in the second half of the 12th century also seems to prove this document. This first monastery was given up again in the first half of the 13th century.
Older forms of the name are:
- Phatenshusen (early 13th century)
- Patenshusen (1252-1288)
- Corona Virginum (1256-1280)
- Pattinshusen (1285)
- Phadinhusin (1289)
- Godfather House (1300-1375)
- Patinshusen (1300-1375)
- Padenshusen (1300-1375)
- Padinshusen (1300-1375)
- Padelshusen (1378)
- Padeshusen (1408–1483)
- Padishus (1408-1483)
- Padernhusen (1509)
- Padershausen (1529)
- Patershausen (1543, 1554)
- Padershausen (1558–1560)
- Patterßhausen (1564)
Foundation of the Cistercian monastery
On January 20, 1252, Ulrich II von Hagen-Münzenberg left the estate and the structural remains of the monastic settlement that were in his reign of Babenhausen to his mother's sister, Lukardis (Lucardis) von Ziegenhain , and his own sister Lukardis von Münzenberg, to found a monastery there. The members of the founding convention came from the Cistercian convent in Eisenach . On the occasion of its consecration by the Archbishop of Mainz, Werner von Eppstein, the new monastery was given the name Corona Virginum , which, however, could not prevail in practice against the name "Patershausen". The elder Lucardis became the first abbess . Because the names are identical, it is not certain whether the younger Lucardis followed her in this office.
The monastery received further equipment from the Munzenberg inheritance and the families involved, the Lords of Falkenstein and the Lords of Hanau , remained connected to the monastery for a long time. Nevertheless, the beginning of the monastery seems to have been difficult economically. The buildings of the former Benedictine monastery were in poor condition, so they had to be rebuilt. But further transfers followed, for example in 1267 the right of patronage over the parish church in Bickenbach by the family von Falkenstein and in 1283 the right of patronage to the church in Ginsheim , in which the Falkensteiners and the von Bolanden family were involved. In addition, the monastery was supported and given donations by the Archbishop of Mainz, a number of knightly families - the neighboring lords of Heusenstamm should be emphasized here - and then also by middle-class families from the surrounding imperial cities of Frankfurt am Main , Friedberg and Wetzlar .
The new monastery was accepted into the Cistercian order by Pope Clement IV in 1267 and placed under the supervision of the Arnsburg monastery. In practice, however, this was only accepted to a limited extent. The Lords and Counts of Hanau and the Archbishop of Mainz intervene again and again . Hanau took on a role similar to that of a bailiff and was later able to assert itself for Patershausen with state sovereignty .
Heyday
Adelheid von Hanau, daughter of Reinhard I von Hanau , a niece of the Lucardis, is proven as abbess even before 1281 . Around 1339 Agnes von Hanau (first mentioned in 1339, last mentioned in 1347) and Lukard von Hanau, a daughter and niece of Ulrich II. Von Hanau , were nuns in Patershausen. Ulrich II gave his daughter and the monastery in his will in 1346 50 pounds hellers . In 1386 and 1396 Anna von Hanau, daughter of Ulrich III. von Hanau , named as abbess. 1439 is another Anna von Hanau (* June 15, 1409; †?), A daughter of Count Reinhard II of Hanau, also abbess.
The monastery achieved growing prosperity through donations until the middle of the 14th century and was important for the whole of the Wetterau . The centers of the property were on the one hand in the immediate vicinity, in the Dreieich and on the Untermain , then in the area of Bensheim and Bickenbach, as well as in a wide strip north of the Main in the (today's) Wetterau between Vilbel and the western foothills of the Vogelsberg . This property was organized by three central farms of the monastery: For the southern properties in Patershausen itself, for the western properties in Frankfurt and for the properties in the area of (today's) Wetterau in Friedberg. In addition to agricultural land, the monastery also owned urban land and houses.
The attractiveness of the monastery and the pressure on the monastery to accept new nuns was so great that Abbot Johann von Arnsburg, Abbess Bertrad and Ulrich II. Von Hanau decided in 1319 that no more than 52 nuns could be accepted. However, the number rose again and restrictions had to be imposed repeatedly. Details of life in the monastery are not known, as the written records from the monastery have been lost with the exception of a few individual pieces.
Decline
Since the middle of the 14th century, donations to the monastery have become more sparse. Losses have been documented since around 1360, taxes were reduced or delayed, the monastery got into debt and an economic decline began. In 1418 it was discovered during a visit that the monastery was over-indebted and the abbess resigned from her office. In addition, at the end of the 14th century there were massive disputes between the leadership of the monastery and the convent, in 1425 the leadership and the convent were split into two factions that fought each other. Further evidence of economic decline follows. In the 16th century, numerous families in the area turned to the Reformation , so that donations and new entrants failed to materialize, the economic crisis and the peasant war continued to burden the convent. The Counts of Hanau-Lichtenberg had effectively taken over the supervision of the monastery during this time, disputed by the Archbishop of Mainz, which led to legal disputes.
Post-Reformation period
The Reformation was introduced there around 1545 under Count Philipp IV of Hanau-Lichtenberg. In 1556, Abbess Margarete von Heddersdorf married a senior clerk of the monastery administration, Johann Weidlich, who shortly afterwards became mayor of Diedenbergen . In the spring of 1558, the last abbess, Walburg von Muschenheim , died and the four remaining nuns indicated to Count Philip IV that none of them was willing to take over the office of abbess due to the dire economic situation and asked for the monastery to be closed and pensions for himself. After the Count's initial reluctance to take over the loss-making business, he finally agreed to the request. The last nuns lived partly in Dietzenbach , two remained in the abandoned monastery. They received pensions from the monastery property. The dispute between Kurmainz and Hanau-Lichtenberg over Patershausen, however, continued. Only in 1567 it came to an agreement: Hanau joined his rights from at Patershausen at Mainz and was in return to Brumath in Alsace mortgaged . The Archbishop of Mainz transferred a large part of the income from the former Patershausen Monastery to the Mainz Jesuit College in 1568 , but retained ownership of the property and rights. Patershausen had thus become an estate.
Subsequent use
From 1605 the Jesuits used the complex again as a monastery. At this time the monastery was the destination of a procession with participants from Bieber and Bürgel . In the Thirty Years' War devastated and rebuilt, the story of Father Stockhausen completed in 1724 as a monastery.
In 1741, Countess Maria Theresia von Schönborn bought the dilapidated property and had it converted into a farm. The present-day design with manor house, barn and the original convent house essentially dates from this period. The independent district Patershausen was expanded in 1819 due to the division of the Biebermark forest . Patershausen was communally independent until 1954, when it was incorporated into the town of Heusenstamm, and remained in the possession of the Schönborns until 1978. Today it belongs to the town of Heusenstamm and is leased to a farm that runs it as an ecologically oriented farm. The products are sold under the Demeter brand. Its fields and meadows border the “ Nachtweide von Patershausen ” nature reserve . The facility is a popular destination in the region.
traces
Structural remains from the monastery era are only sparse. In 1982 an archaeological investigation took place, the documentation of which is only partially accessible today. The most important preserved piece of equipment in the monastery is the Patershausen Altar , now in the Cathedral and Diocesan Museum in Mainz .
List of Abbesses
The following list includes the known abbesses of Patershausen.
| abbess | mentioned | annotation |
|---|---|---|
| Lukardis von Ziegenhain | 1255 ?, 1261 | Prioress: Lukardis von Hagen-Münzenberg, the younger? |
| [?] Lukardis von Hagen-Munzenberg | before 1268 | |
| Benedicta | 1268 | |
| Adelheid of Hanau | after 1268, before 1277 | Daughter of Reinhard I. von Hanau |
| Petrissa | 1277, 1280 | |
| Stilla | 1285 | |
| Benigna | 1297, 1300 | |
| Stilla | 1305 | Whether this is the same as 1285 is not known; Prioress: Agnes (1305) |
| Kunegundis | 1313-1316 | |
| Katharina von Grünenberg | 1318 | |
| Bertradis | 1319 | |
| Elisabeth | 1329, 1330 | |
| Bertha Grupen | 1337, 1340 | |
| Adelheid von Rüdigheim | 1347, 1348 | |
| Clara frog | 1353, 1359 | Prioress: Katharine (1359) |
| Anna of Hanau | 1394 | |
| Cuntzel | July 1396 | |
| Anna of Hanau | December 1396 | Daughter of Ulrich III. from Hanau |
| Gude von Bellersheim | 1404 | |
| Gela | 1408 | |
| Katharina von Groschlag | until June 1418 | |
| Benign of Bellersheim | from June 1418 | |
| Guta von Eschbach | 1425 | Prioress: Katharine (1425) |
| Katharina von Groschlag | 1432 | identical to the abbess who was in office until June 1418? |
| Katharina Ring | 1434 | |
| Margaret of Londorf | 1439-1459 | |
| Grete von Babenhausen | 1459 | |
| Katharina Feyser | 1480, died 1511 | Prioresses: Anna von Babenhausen (1487); Katharina von Praunheim (1500, 1501); Ela Volrad |
| Anna von Riedern | 1511-1525 | |
| Katharina von Trohe | 1525 – after 1538 | |
| Maria von Gillingen | after 1538–1541 (resigned) | Prioress: Anna von Trohe (1541–1542) |
| Margarethe von Hedersdorf | 1542–1556 (resigned, married) | Prioresses: Magdalene von Hedersdorf (1543); Margaretha von Muschenheim (1554–1558) |
| Walburg of Muschenheim | 1556-1558 | last abbess |
literature
- Peter Engels: Patershausen . In: The monastic and nunnery monasteries of the Cistercians in Hesse and Thuringia = Germania Benedictina IV, pp. 1228–1268. 2011.
- H. Grothefend: On the oldest history of the Patershausen monastery . In: Communications to the members of the Association for History and Antiquity in Frankfurt a. M. 5 (1879), pp. 592-605.
- Wilhelm Morhardt: Hanau old - in honor of b'halt - The Counts of Hanau-Lichtenberg in history and stories = Babenhausen then and now 10th Babenhausen 1984.
- Elfrune Prechtl: Memories of Patershausen = Heusenstammer Hefte 15 (2002). Heusenstamm.
- Heinrich Roth, local history of Heusenstamm with Patershausen and Gravenbruch . Offenbach 1911.
- Reinhard Suchier : Genealogy of the Hanauer count house . In: Festschrift of the Hanau History Association for its 50th anniversary celebration on August 27, 1894 . Hanau 1894.
- Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : The former spiritual pens in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Bd. 1 = Provinces of Starkenburg and Upper Hesse. Darmstadt 1873.
- Gesine Weber: Hofgut Patershausen - looking for the former monastery. In: hessenARCHÄOLOGIE 2013. Yearbook for archeology and palaeontology in Hessen. Theiss, Darmstadt 2014, ISBN 978-3-8062-2984-4 , pp. 132-136.
- Richard Wimmer: Patershausen - from the monastery to the estate = Heusenstammer Hefte 14 (2000). Heusenstamm.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Engels, pp. 1228f.
- ↑ Egon Schallmayer: "Ober-Roden / Rotaha". In: The Benedictine monasteries and nunneries in Hesse. St. Ottilien 2004, pp. 891-899. 2004.
- ↑ Engels, pp. 1231f.
- ↑ Lukardis was a daughter of Count Rudolf II von Ziegenhain and his wife Mechthild von Nidda .
- ^ Suchier, p. 10
- ^ Wagner, p. 207
- ↑ Suchier, p. 11
- ↑ Suchier, p. 12
- ↑ Engels, pp. 1240f.
- ↑ Engels, p. 1243; Morhardt, p. 36; Wagner, p. 230
- ↑ See: Engels, pp. 1243f; Alfred Dittrich: The development of church and religious conditions in Heimatverein Heusenstamm: 750 years Heusenstamm , 1961, p. 37
- ↑ Engels, pp. 1259f; Dagmar Söder: Offenbach district = monument topography of the Federal Republic of Germany - cultural monuments in Hesse. Braunschweig 1987, p. 180.
- ↑ After Engels, p. 1262f.