Biebermark

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Location of the Maingau around the year 1000

The Biebermark (also: Biegermark ) was a market cooperative in Maingau .

status

The Biebermark was not a political entity, but as a market cooperative an amalgamation of the twelve villages in order to cultivate the surrounding area. Politically and administratively, the villages belonged to different sovereigns and offices. Depending on the point in time, these sovereigns were mostly the lords of Eppstein , the elector of Mainz , the lords of Falkenstein and the counts of Isenburg . The Oberhof der Biebermark was in Bieber.

To the south the area bordered the Rödermark .

Villages

The villages of Biebermark on an engraving by Matthäus Merian

The following twelve villages belonged to the Biebermark:

Märker dish

Former place of the Märkerding on the main street in Bieber
Stone cross in the Bieberer Oberhofstrasse

The highest authority of the Biebermark was the so-called "Märker ding " held in Bieber "at the gate at the strike under the linden tree ". The place of this "Märkerding" was at the old Bieberer S-bend, where the name of the former Lindenmühle and the street "In den Lindengärten" (formerly Lindengässchen) still reminds of the former judicial linden tree to this day . Until the 19th century, this was the only passage through the Bieber town wall, hence the expression "at the gate". The "blow" describes a barrier that used to be subject to customs duties. A stone cross that was there was moved to Bieberer Oberhofstrasse in the 19th century , where it still stands today.

All places except Rembrücken were represented by a lay judge at Märkerding. Offenbach provided two lay judges. According to old records, there was also a jury's chair under the linden tree. The lay judges and the market master sat on stones under the linden tree, while the representative of the governor (later the bailiff of Steinheim ) sat down on a chair. The lay judge of Rumpenheim proclaimed the peace commandment :

"You are to forbid no one to fall into his word, unless it is done with permission. You are to forbid all unspoken words, so that no one should urge or compel the other; you should allow the right to put peace and ban on it, as it is of old age. "

Judgment was held here, that is, all iniquities committed in the area of ​​the Biebermark were tried and the market master was elected for a year. The master servant subordinate to the market master was also chosen in this way. All other market matters could also be brought up.

On Bieber's notch Tuesday , the shepherds from the Mark came together on today's Bieberer Ostendplatz (formerly the market square) to have their tools checked and to exchange their experiences.

Trademark rights

Fishing in the Bieber was reserved for Märkers

In the wisdom of the Biebermark, the rights of the Märker are laid down:

There it is stated that the Märker of the twelve villages affiliated to the Biebermark had unlimited right of disposal over the brand property. Brand property was, for example, the forest and everything that the forest included (hence the term Markwald ), the quarries on Bieberer Berg and the Lehmkauten (hence the field name "Auf die Leimenkaute" on the Bieberer Waldeck ). However, this did not include the right to hunt , as the surrounding forests belonged to the Dreieich Wildbann , in which the king had the right to hunt.

"We know on our oath Bibermark forest, water and pasture as legal property of the Märkern and do not have any fiefs, neither from kings or emperors, nor from burgers or towns".

Märker (Mark Comrade) could only be someone who was a Märker's child, lived in a house built on Markboden from Markholz and owned 32 acres of fields and meadows.

But also the rights to fish in Bieberbach , which used to have more water than it does today, were reserved for the Märkers. "We know that the Biebra the brook is free, that every marketer can go fishing in it". The flow force of the water, however, belonged to the respective sovereign. Therefore, the mills on the brooks flowing through the marrow were owned by the respective sovereigns and were leased by them.

These fishing rights were later leased by the market masters. The crayfish caught in the stream were particularly popular. Because of the fishing rights, there was even a lawsuit between the brokers and the rulers in Heusenstamm .

history

A Bellinger Mark in Maingau is already mentioned in a deed of donation to Lorsch Abbey from 766 . This mark also includes the places of the later Biebermark. In the course of time the references to this Bellinger Mark are lost . It seems to have been later divided into the Klein-Auheimer , Steinheimer and Biebermark. This area later formed the bailiwick of Steinheim. The last mention of this Bellinger Mark comes from the year 868.

The first written record about the Biebermark is the Weistum from the year 1385. From the time before there are almost no written records from Maingau. The Biebermark therefore emerged from the Bellinger Mark in the period between 868 and 1385.

There are writings in which the term Biegermark is used instead of Biebermark . It is not clear where this term comes from. There are some parcels and other names in Bürgel and Rumpenheim that have the word Bieg . Probably the formerly Mainbogen as the Bieg called. It is therefore possible that this name was originally used, but was later replaced by the similar term Bieber , since the Oberhof was also the Biebermark here.

Coat of arms of the Counts of Isenburg
Kurmainzische coat of arms

The mark was represented externally by the elected chief bailiff. Until 1418 this was the Count of Falkenstein . After this family died out, the office of senior bailiff passed to the Count of Isenburg . However, the Isenburg Count was deposed on the Wahlding in 1517 after having cut wood in the Biebermark for the construction of his castle in Offenbach. The new Obervogt was the Elector of Mainz , who had tried to become Obervogt of the Biebermark earlier.

After the secularization of the Electorate of Mainz in 1803, Hessen-Darmstadt received the associated Biebermark and the protective bailiff with the Mainzischen Oberamt Steinheim.

In the 19th century there was increasing pressure to dissolve the old market, as the situation was chaotic in recent years. The forest was plundered more and more by the Märkers without being afforested. Travelers from this time reported about a "Siberia" in the middle of Germany.

After difficult and lengthy negotiations, the Biebermark was dissolved in 1819. The market area, which still comprised 9,846 acres , was divided among the municipalities belonging to the market and the Patershausen district , which was still independent at the time . The current layout of the district boundaries essentially originates from this time . The border road in Offenbach z. B. got its name from the boundary between Bürgel and Offenbach at this point. The Offenbach district once only went as far as the Hainbach , the market area behind it between the Bieber district and Hainbach was divided between Bürgel and Offenbach. The area that was closed to Bieber was reforested according to plan and forms the Bieber forest that faces Obertshausen .

The fact that the Biebermark existed for so long as the free property of the march comrades was obviously due to the fact that the villages belonging to it belonged to different rulers. They jealously watched that no other ruling house seized too much power over the cooperative. And so none of the rulers succeeded in completely integrating the Biebermark into their rulership, as was the case with the other Rodgau brand cooperatives.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kurt, p. 85
  2. ↑ Grimm, p. 512
  3. ↑ cf. Hans Staab: 750 years of Heusenstamm , Heimatverein Heusenstamm, p. 11

literature

  • Alfred Kurt: Bieber - eight thousand years of history, Offenbacher Geschichtsblätter No. 30 , Offenbacher Geschichtsverein 1980
  • Jakob Grimm: Weistümer, 7 vols. , Göttingen 1840, p. 512ff (published on Google books: [1] )
  • Leopold Imgram: On the history of the market cooperatives in the lower Maingau , Münster, 1913