Palatinate Seligenstadt

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Palatinate Seligenstadt was a medieval Palatinate in Seligenstadt in the Offenbach district in Hesse .

The wall of the palace on the mains side with Romanesque windows
outside wall of the palace
inside wall of the palace
Romanesque window

history

Seligenstadt has a long history of settlement. After the abandonment of the Roman fort in Seligenstadt , an Alemannic settlement is still tangible through archaeological finds , although it cannot be said whether there was continuity of settlement until the Middle Ages. The place is first mentioned in 815 as Obermühlheim ( Mulinheim-superior ) in a deed of donation from Ludwig the Pious to Einhard . He had a basilica built here to replace the monastery in Steinbach .

The time when the Kaiserpfalz was founded in Seligenstadt is uncertain. A document from Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa is known from 1188 , which he issued on the occasion of a court day in Seligenstadt. But that is no proof of a royal palace. The court day may also have taken place in the nearby Seligenstadt Abbey . The palace complex was only secured in the middle of the 13th century under Emperor Friedrich II. It is located directly on the banks of the Main on the old Mainstrasse, possibly in the place of older buildings or a Dominialhof, and was easily accessible by ship from Frankfurt or Mainz and made this possible Hunting in the imperial forest of the Vorderen Spessart . In the 13th century the Palatinate was mentioned as a castrum , from the 14th century the building was mentioned as a keysir house or a red castle .

For a construction between 1181 and 1188 by Barbarossa, a similarity of the preserved columns of the northern window group with the Romanesque house built in 1186-87 in Seligenstadt , the Maulbronn hospital corridor built between 1170 and 1180 , the landgrave house built until about 1170 on the Wartburg and the Hôpital Saint-Jean built in Angers in 1175 . After a fire, the original building could have been rebuilt with minor changes, as traces of fire can be read on the inner masonry and on the columns that are kept in the lapidary of the Prelature Museum Seligenstadt; some windows could have been renewed under the original outer arches and the two preserved portals, whose stone carvings date from around 1210–1220, were added.

In 1460 the Palatinate was (again) destroyed by fire, the ruins of the palace were already included in the main front of the city ​​wall in 1462 due to the Mainz collegiate feud . Further destruction followed in the Thirty Years War . The area that the Palatinate originally occupied was subsequently partially built over. Therefore, there is little that can be said about the original building stock of the facility today. There was apparently no independent fortification of the Palatinate.

Hall

Only the front of the palace on the mains side, which was incorporated into the city wall, remained of the complex. The current condition of the facade goes back to investigations and restorations in 1883 and 1938. It consists of blocks made of red Main sandstone . The building, the front of which it formed on the Main , was rectangular (19 × 46 m), two-story and covered with slate .

The upper floor had a basement on the mains side , which served as a view of the river and a connection between the rooms on the upper floor. The ground floor of the building is largely unadorned and consisted of a large, two-aisled hall with central supports and a beamed ceiling. The upper floor, on the other hand, is lavishly designed with several Romanesque door and window openings. From these, conclusions can be drawn about the room layout of the upper floor: At each end, a room is being reconstructed that took up the entire depth of the building. The north-western room is interpreted as a ballroom, the south-eastern room as a bower . The bedroom is assumed in the middle, as well as possibly smaller rooms.

literature

  • Rainer Atzbach : The Palatium in Seligenstadt - A palace building by Friedrich I. Barbarossa. Seligenstadt Historical Sponsorship Association, 1996.
  • Gerd Braun: The Hohenstaufen Hunting Palatinate Seligenstadt am Main. On the origin, plan and spatial structure of the imperial house. In: Arx, Burgen und Schlösser in Bayern, Österreich and Südtirol , published by the Südtiroler Burgeninstitut , 2/2017 (39th year), Bozen 2017, pp. 35–42, ISSN 0394-0624.
  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments - Hessen I. Administrative districts Gießen and Kassel . (Ed .: Folkhard Cremer and Tobias Michael Wolf), 3rd edition, Munich 2008.
  • Georg Ulrich Großmann : South Hesse. Art guide. Imhof, Petersberg 2004, ISBN 3-935590-66-0 , p. 169.
  • Rudolf Knappe: Medieval castles in Hessen. 800 castles, castle ruins and fortifications. 3. Edition. Wartberg-Verlag, Gudensberg-Gleichen 2000, ISBN 3-86134-228-6 , p. 412.
  • Tobias Picard: Royal Palaces in the Rhine-Main area: Ingelheim - Frankfurt - Trebur - Gelnhausen - Seligenstadt. In: Heribert Müller (Ed.): "... Your Citizens Freedom" - Frankfurt am Main in the Middle Ages. Contributions to the memory of the Frankfurt media artist Elsbet Orth . Kramer, Frankfurt am Main 2004, ISBN 9783782905442 , pp. 19-73.
  • Rolf Müller (Ed.): Palaces, castles, old walls. Published by the Hessendienst der Staatskanzlei, Wiesbaden 1990, ISBN 3-89214-017-0 , p. 329.
  • Dagmar Söder: Cultural monuments in Hessen. Offenbach district. Ed .: State Office for Monument Preservation Hessen, Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig / Wiesbaden 1987, ISBN 3-528-06237-1 (= monument topography Federal Republic of Germany ), p. 350f.
  • Thomas Wurzel: Cultural Discoveries South Hesse. Districts Bergstrasse, Darmstadt-Dieburg, Groß-Gerau, Odenwaldkreis and Offenbach, cities Darmstadt and Offenbach. Published by the Sparkassen-Kulturstiftung Hessen-Thüringen. 2nd edition, Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-7954-2013-0 , pp. 270-272.

Web links

Commons : Pfalz Seligenstadt  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Peter Koblank: Treaty of Seligenstadt 1188 on stauferstelen.net. Retrieved April 12, 2017.
  2. ↑ Günther Binding , Deutsche Königspfalzen , Darmstadt 1996, pp. 394–396
  3. ↑ Gerd Braun: The Hohenstaufen Hunting Palatinate Seligenstadt am Main. On the origin, plan and spatial structure of the imperial house. , Pp. 40-41
  4. ↑ Gerd Braun: The Hohenstaufen Hunting Palatinate Seligenstadt am Main. On the origin, plan and spatial structure of the imperial house. , P 42 MWh to Thomas Biller, a postscript to the essay Rainer Atzbachs 1998 The Palatium in Seligenstadt , acts of the 59th Int. Saxony symposium and the basic problems of the prehistoric development in the Middle Danube region, in: Uta von Freeden / Herwig Friesinger / Egon Wamers (eds.), Colloquia on Pre- and Early History Vol. 12, pp. 461-480, Bonn 2009, p. 466

Coordinates: 50 ° 2 ′ 41.4 ″  N , 8 ° 58 ′ 37.6 ″  E