Giant horsetail

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Giant horsetail
Giant horsetail (Equisetum telmateia)

Giant horsetail ( Equisetum telmateia )

Systematics
Ferns
Class : Equisetopsida
Order : Horsetail (Equisetales)
Family : Horsetail Family (Equisetaceae)
Genre : Horsetail ( Equisetum )
Type : Giant horsetail
Scientific name
Equisetum telmateia
Honor

The giant horsetail ( Equisetum telmateia ) is a species of the genus horsetail ( Equisetum ) within the horsetail family (Equisetaceae). It is widespread in the northern hemisphere and is the largest horsetail species native to Central Europe.

description

Illustration from Flora Batava , Volume 10
Stem with vaginal teeth and branches
Branch with scabbard
Stem with side branches in whorls
Fertile rung
Equisetum telmateia subsp. braunii
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The giant horsetail grows as a perennial herbaceous plant . The green summer shoots with whitish (ivory-colored) and 1 to 2 centimeters thick stems reach heights of 40 to 150 centimeters and in rare cases can reach heights of up to 2 meters. The side branches standing in whorls are unbranched. Since dead plant parts decompose very slowly, the remains of the previous year's shoots are mostly under the new stocks. The dead stems retain their whitish color for a long time.

The knotless shoots, at the end of which is a spore-bearing ear , are brown in color and appear from the end of April to the beginning of May. The sporophyll stand is up to 6 centimeters high.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 216.

Occurrence

The distribution area of the giant horsetail includes Europe (with the exception of northern and northeastern Europe), the Middle East , North Africa and large parts of western North America . It grows mainly on calcareous subsoil, seeping spring meadows in the penumbra of deciduous and light coniferous forests. In Austria, this plant species has seldom been found in corn fields for at least a decade. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises on the Gauchenwände between Balderschwang and Rohrmoos in Bavaria to an altitude of 1,300 meters.

The giant horsetail is a character species of the Equiseto-Fraxinetum in Central Europe , it also occurs less frequently in societies of the associations Caricion davallianae or Agropyro-Rumicion.

Taxonomy and systematics

Equisetum telmateia was first published in 1783 by Jakob Friedrich Ehrhart . The specific epithet is derived from the Greek word telematiaios "living in the swamp" (to telma: swamp, puddle, morass).

Two subspecies can be distinguished:

  • Equisetum telmateia subsp. braunii (Milde) Hauke : It occurs in British Columbia, Washington, Oregon and California.
  • Equisetum telmateia subsp. telmateia : It occurs in Europe, West Asia, the Caucasus, Macaronesia and North Africa.

swell

literature

  • Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 , p. 230 .
  • Bernhard Marbach, Christian Kainz: FSVO nature guide mosses, ferns and lichens. blv, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-405-16323-4 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany. A botanical-ecological excursion companion to the most important species . 6th, completely revised edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2005, ISBN 3-494-01397-7 , p. 184 .
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 63 .
  3. ^ Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 , p. 230 .
  4. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 106.
  5. ↑ Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. Springer-Verlag, Basel 2013, ISBN 978-3-7643-2390-5 , p. 360.
  6. ↑ a b c Equisetum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved February 16, 2019.

Web links

Commons : Giant Horsetail ( Equisetum telmateia )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files