Frankfurt-Northwest City
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 Northwest city, view from the northwest center |
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| Basic data | |
| Population : | 15,890 |
| Creation time: | 1961-1972 |
| location | |
| District : | 8 - north-west |
| District : |
Niederursel Praunheim Heddernheim |
| District : | 48 1 , 48 2 , 42 6 |
| Center / main street: | Northwest center |
| architecture | |
| Architectural style: | Modern |
| Urban planner: | Hans Kampffmeyer |
| Architects: | Walter Schwagenscheidt and Tassilo Sittmann |
Coordinates: 50 ° 10 ′ N , 8 ° 38 ′ E The Nordweststadt is a large housing estate in Frankfurt am Main , which was built from 1962 to 1968 on open spaces between the existing districts of Niederursel , Heddernheim and Praunheim . From an administrative point of view, the north-west town is not an independent district, but is located in the districts of Heddernheim, Niederursel and, to a small extent, Praunheim. Politically it belongs to the district 8.
history
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Due to the great demand for apartments in the 1950s and the few building land reserves, the two large housing associations Nassauische Heimstätte and Gewobag approached the city of Frankfurt in May 1955 with the proposal to build a new housing estate north of Niederursel. Since the farmers were against building their fields and because the area south of Niederursel had already been designated as a possible building area as a supplement to the Roman city , the city decided to designate this area for the north-west town. The 170 hectare district was designed for 25,000 people. With a cultural and commercial district center, all public and private facilities should be created for them and the citizens living in the neighborhood, a total of around 50,000.
A competition among architects was held for the area in the spring of 1959. The jury consisted of the Lord Mayor of Frankfurt Werner Bockelmann , the Head of Planning Hans Kampffmeyer and several architects u. a. Max Guther , Hans-Bernhard Reichow , Rudolf Hillebrecht , Franz Schuster and Ernst May , who chaired. The architects Walter Schwagenscheidt and Tassilo Sittmann only won a third prize, but after revising the design, they were finally commissioned with the planning by the head of planning, Hans Kampffmeyer.
The new “spatial city” was to consist mainly of building groups with row buildings , high-rise buildings and row houses . The buildings are consistently aligned at right angles and well exposed. The urban planning concept takes into account the given location of the local streets and the district center. The design by Schwagenscheidt was awarded, among other things, for the variety of the proposed apartment types. The composition of the planned 7,500 apartments should correspond to the Frankfurt population structure and enable a socially mixed population. The apartment buildings (90% and 10% single-family houses) should be differentiated into 5% 1-room, 20% 2-room, 60% 3-room and 15% 4-room and multi-room apartments.
The overall management lay with the building department of the city of Frankfurt am Main. The group around Schwagenscheidt took over the urban planning and artistic direction of the project in the city planning office. In addition to urban, traffic and landscape planners and the architects of the residential buildings, schools and churches, engineers for road construction and infrastructure, geodesists and property management were also involved.
In order to be able to implement the planning, the building land had to be procured and the land had to be arranged. In the area of the north-west of the city there were around 1500 parcels that belonged to around 500 private owners. These included 35 full-time farmers, mostly from Niederursel, two brick factories and five gardeners. Some farmers were offered a replacement in the neighboring Praunheimer Hofgut for the lost income. On the basis of an appraisal, which set the prices per square meter at DM 4.10 to DM 10.00, the city reached an agreement after long negotiations with the owners about the land purchase.
All buildings in the north-west of the city are heated by district heating. They are connected to the Frankfurt waste -to- energy plant in the northeast via underground lines .
In 1968 the satellite settlement, around 8 kilometers from downtown Frankfurt, was connected to the first line of the new subway . The residents were able to reach the city in a very short time. At the same time, several educational and childcare facilities, churches and community meeting places were built. 6,931 residential units were built by 10 housing associations (Neue Heimat, Aktienbaugesellschaft for small apartments, Aktiengesellschaft Hellerhof, Nassauisches Heim, etc.), six housing associations (Volks-, Bau- und Sparverein, Ostdeutsche Landsmannschaften building cooperative, etc.) and other partly private developers. The construction of the large estate lasted until 1968, the remaining work dragged on until 1971. All buildings are oriented exactly in a north-south or east-west direction and the apartment buildings have above-average distances from one another. The footpaths run separately from the traffic, often they are led with narrow bridges over the ring roads. The residential streets usually lead into one of the 40 underground car parks, which have a total of approx. 2750 parking spaces. The underground parking contributes to the positive appearance of green spaces and playgrounds, at least inside the residential areas. The estate is divided into manageable neighborhoods by large green spaces designed by landscape architect Erich Hanke . The green center of the urbanization, which is considered quiet, is the Martin Luther King Park , which was created with the help of American soldiers and opened in 1971 , whose small pond is located in a former clay pit.
The originally white plastered facades of the houses were painted in color from 1978 onwards according to a color concept by Tassilo Sittmann in order to offer residents and visitors better orientation. In later years, many buildings were also insulated for energy-efficient renovation.
In 1980 the north-west town was connected to the federal highway 66 by a four-lane expressway , the Rosa-Luxemburg-Straße . This also significantly improved the connection to the city center.
In contrast to the compact large settlements of the 1960s and 1970s in other cities, the north-west city is now much less affected by social problems and is no longer one of the worst areas in Frankfurt due to the extensive greening of the district, which was previously only partially recognizable. Despite some criticism, the north-west town is one of the most liveable satellite towns in Germany, which can be traced back to some basic urban planning ideas, such as enough space between the houses for light and lines of sight, various types of apartments from single-family houses or terraced houses to smaller apartment buildings up to high-rise buildings, sensible traffic management and the wanted social mix of residents.
education
The Ernst Reuter School , located on the central green corridor, was one of the first integrated comprehensive schools in Hesse and therefore also served as an educational model. The architects of the school building with swimming pool and sports hall completed in 1965 were Franz Schuster and Günter Silz. In the immediate vicinity, on the site of the former Ernst Reuter School II on Praunheimer Weg, the newly built European School in Frankfurt can be found: a kindergarten and a primary school with an adjoining grammar school. This is one of those official schools jointly established by the governments of the Member States of the European Union. The school enjoys the rights of a public educational institution. Although it is mainly used by the children of EU employees, it is also open to students from the rest of Frankfurt's resident population, as long as capacity allows. A little further north on Praunheimer Weg is the Erich Kästner School, which has been a municipal primary school since 1963. In the far west on Gerhart-Hauptmann-Ring is the mosaic school, today a special needs school for the practical and educational, which functioned as a primary school in the first decades of the north-west town.
Four houses of worship, together with community rooms and kindergartens, were built by the two Christian churches with the north-west town. The Catholic St. Matthias Church , consecrated in 1965 by the architects Hermann Mäckler and Alois Giefer, and the Protestant Dietrich Bonhoeffer Church by the architect Werner W. Neumann, completed in 1969, are located in the adjoining center on Thomas-Mann-Straße . The church center on Ernst-Kahn-Straße, consecrated in 1966, includes the Catholic St. Sebastian Church by the architect Johannes Krahn and the Protestant Cantate Domino Church . The meetinghouses on Gerhart-Hauptmann-Ring and Hammarskjöldring (house numbers 75-77) were given up. The latter property was built with terraced houses in 2003. In the meantime, the As-Salam-Mosque is an Islamic place of worship on Thomas-Mann-Strasse.
Life and shopping
The center of business is the Northwest Center, built in 1965–68 by the architects Otto Apel , Hansgeorg Beckert and Gilbert Becker and rebuilt and expanded several times , which enables shopping on several levels. The approximately 150 shops are supplemented by various public facilities: community center, swimming pool (Titus Thermen), library, fire station, police station, daycare center and social council (formerly also a university of applied sciences, which was relocated at the end of the 1990s in favor of additional retail space). There is also a “Small Center” on Thomas-Mann-Strasse . A second one in Hammarskjöldring was demolished in 2006. Originally, they were architecturally conceived as a citizen-friendly alternative to the "Great Center". However, the "Small Center" in particular has suffered severely from the enormous success of the Northwest Center and its business premises are now partially empty. Through the initiative of the Brücke 71 e. V. however , it was brought back to life. In the immediate vicinity of the North West Center there has been a large alternative adventure playground since the 1970s, where children can build and use their own wooden house under the guidance of social workers on the large site.
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Green spaces
The northwest city is located near the Frankfurt green belt . In the immediate vicinity is the Martin-Luther-King-Park , which extends towards Niederursel and is also equipped with a larger playground. The green belt hiking trail along the Nidda and the Volkspark Niddatal are also easily accessible.
Hip-hop in the northwest city
There has been a hip-hop scene in Northwest City since the 1980s. The rappers Azad and D-Flame come from the district. These then unknown rappers founded the group Asiatic Warriors and are now working on solo projects. Furthermore, also originate Jeyz , the rapper Tone , Yasser , Hanybal and Senna Guemmour , member of the band Monrose , consisting of the fifth season of the talent show Popstars emerged from the northwestern city.
literature
- Paula Henrich: Northwest City. Young city on old soil. Publication series of the Frankfurter Sparkasse from 1822, Frankfurt am Main, 1971
- Walter Schwagenscheidt: The Northwest City - Idea and Design , Karl Krämer Verlag, Stuttgart, 1964
- Hans Kampffmeyer: The Northwest City in Frankfurt am Main , European Publishing House, Frankfurt am Main, 1968
- Tassilo Sittmann: The colored design of the Nordweststadt , city planning office, Frankfurt am Main, 1977
- Rolf Schmidt, Hans J. Kirchberg, Gerd A. Müller: Frankfurt architecture guide from 1945 , Heinrich-Verlag, 1987
- Clemens Jöckle: 100 buildings in Frankfurt am Main, a guide to buildings of historical and architectural standing , Schnell & Steiner publishing house, Regensburg 1988, ISBN 3-7954-1166-1
- Andrea Gleiniger: The Frankfurt Northwest City . History of a large housing estate, Campus-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, 1995, ISBN 3-593-35129-3
- Hans-Reiner Müller-Raemisch: Frankfurt am Main. Urban development and planning history since 1945 , Campus-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, 1996
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Statistical Yearbook 2008 City of Frankfurt accessed on Feb. 26, 2020
- ↑ .
- ↑ Ilse Irion, Thomas Sieverts: New Cities: Fields of Experimentation of Modernity , Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Munich, 1991, p. 104 ff
- ^ Ronald Kunze, tenant participation in social housing in the settlements of the 20s and 60s; in: Herlyn, von Saldern, Tessin (HG.): On the origin and development of the new housing estates of the twenties and sixties. Hanover 1986.
- ↑ Ilse Irion, Thomas Sieverts: New Cities: Experimental Fields of Modernity , Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1991, p. 110