Row structure
The arrangement of long, narrow residential buildings at right angles to the road is referred to as row construction or row construction . The buildings are then accessed by footpaths. This design was created as a reaction to the block development with its narrow courtyards on the one hand and the garden city movement on the other. In contrast, row buildings rely on functionality in the form of an optimal alignment of all buildings to air and sun, economic arguments, a continuous greening of the spaces and noise protection by relocating the main traffic routes.
Apart from the arrangement in rows, the houses can have very different characters. In Karlsruhe-Dammerstock alone, there are semi-detached houses, single-family row houses, apartment buildings with heights of E + 3 to E + 5 and an arcade house.
The disadvantages of the row development were recognized as early as 1929, when an architects' competition for the Reichsforschungssiedlung Haselhorst applied the principle to large areas. There were impressions of monotony and a lack of individuality.
development
Individual, unsystematic forerunners can be found in factory settlements as early as the 19th century; the Lockwood and Mawson office in Saltaire , England, built buildings in this form in 1853 . As a fully formulated concept, the first row development was created in 1918 in Munich by Theodor Fischer with the Alte Heide estate . This was followed by buildings by Otto Haesler in Celle in 1925 (Georgsgarten settlement), Walter Gropius together with Haesler in Karlsruhe-Dammerstock in 1929 and Mart Stam in 1928/29 in the Hellerhofsiedlung in Frankfurt's Gallusviertel (here with head buildings on the street).
The row development in Germany played an important role in the reconstruction after the Second World War. In Stuttgart, for example, the new Hausen district was built in rows from 1948 . Because of the uniformity of large settlements with row buildings, the buildings were often loosened up, loosely grouped and moved. From the end of the 1950s, the access roads were often curved and the row buildings loosely arranged around them: Neue Vahr in Bremen, Frankfurt-Nordweststadt . With mass motorization , row houses went out of fashion because they did not allow direct access to the house entrance.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Unless otherwise stated, this article is based on: line structure. In: Nikolaus Pevsner , Hugh Honor, John Fleming: Lexicon of World Architecture. 3rd edition Prestel, Munich 1992. ISBN 3-7913-1238-3 .
- ↑ Michael Peterek: Apartment, Settlement, City. Gebr. Mann Verlag 2000, ISBN 3-7861-2327-6 , p. 124 f.
- ↑ Michael Peterek: Apartment, Settlement, City. Gebr. Mann Verlag 2000, ISBN 3-7861-2327-6 , pp. 141, 167-194