Dammerstock

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In the middle Dammerstock with the consequent line construction .

Dammerstock is a settlement in the Weiherfeld-Dammerstock district of Karlsruhe in the south of the city. It is located on the Alb and has a stop on the oldest overland line of the Karlsruhe light rail network , the Alb Valley Railway . Dammerstock is one of the most important testimonies to the art of New Building in Germany.

Emergence

Wash house by Otto Haesler

In 1928, the city of Karlsruhe announced a competition for the development of the city's own southern part of the Dammerstock site - with the stipulation that the building site should be built by mid-1929. In the tender, the focus was on “the practical value of the apartments for families from middle and lower income groups”. To the competition were, among others, Walter Gropius , Otto Haesler and Wilhelm Riphahn with Caspar Maria Grod invited. With architects such as Ernst May , Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Paul Schmitthenner, the jury also reflected the importance of the tender, which goes far beyond the local conditions.

The first prize went to the design by Walter Gropius , who had recently given up the management of the Bauhaus , followed by Otto Haesler. Gropius took over the catenary for the first construction phase and had to coordinate the activities of the architects involved. The most important planning idea that Gropius implemented in all its consequences was the linear construction . Instead of the conventional perimeter block development, there was building in north-south parallel rows, the ends of which are alternately provided with transverse head buildings towards the center. The aim was optimal tanning - light in the bedroom in the morning, in the living rooms at noon. The room layout was designed in such a way that a subjective separation of the functional areas should still be possible even with a large number of residents per living area .

Portal 2009, right original pavilion from 1929

The inauguration of the first 228 apartments in October 1929 was accompanied by an exhibition The Utility Apartment . The design of all advertising media was in the hands of Kurt Schwitters .

development

St. Francis Church (1938)

The settlement, according to Adolf Behne the "most consistent example of a row-style settlement", was not completed as planned due to the global economic crisis in 1929. After the National Socialists seized power , who rejected the new building, further houses were built from 1934 based on a “Heimatstil”. The Franziskuskirche, built between 1936 and 1938 according to plans by Fridolin Bosch and Anton Ohnmacht , was formally influenced by the Stuttgart School . After 1949 arcade houses were added, which again incorporated elements of the New Building.

The housing estate was initially popularly mocked as "Jammerstock". In allusion to the small residential units, the joke arose that special chamber pots with handles on the inside were offered for the residents of Dammerstock. The residential units were then mostly occupied by fewer people than planned. This did not meet the requirement for lower income groups. With this restriction, the settlement is still an attractive residential area today.

literature

  • Adolf Behne : Dammerstock. In: Janos Frecot (Ed.): Between art and industry. The German Werkbund. Anabas-Verlag, Giessen 1975, ISBN 3-87038-052-7 , p. 263 f.
  • Ulrich Coenen: The Bauhaus and the Dammerstock Settlement The plans by Walter Gropius and Otto Haesler for Karlsruhe. In: Badische Heimat. Journal for regional and folklore, nature, environmental and monument protection 1 (2020), pp. 82–94.
  • Brigitte Franzen : The Dammerstock housing estate in Karlsruhe 1929. To convey the new building. Jonas, Marburg 1993, ISBN 3-89445-156-4 .
  • Brigitte Franzen, Peter Schmitt: New building in the 20s. Gropius, Haesler, Schwitters and the Dammerstock settlement in Karlsruhe 1929. (Exhibition catalog Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe) Info Verlag, Karlsruhe 1997, ISBN 3-88190-217-1 .

Web links

Commons : Dammerstock  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 48 ° 59 '  N , 8 ° 24'  E