Elbchaussee

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Location and course of the Elbchaussee
Many buildings on the Elbchaussee are not visible from the street

The Elbchaussee is a street in Hamburg that extends from Ottensen downstream along the Lower Elbe to Blankenese over a length of 8.6 kilometers. Along the Elbchaussee there are an abundance of significant villas and mansions, integrated into spacious parks. The Elbchaussee has been a very popular excursion route since the beginning of the 19th century. It was only with the start of high-powered vehicles in the 1950s and the establishment of the Elbe bank hiking trail that the popularity of the excursion fell significantly. The Elbchaussee has been able to maintain the nimbus of the “fine address” - although it is now the main thoroughfare of the Elbe suburbs - to this day.

Naming

The street used to be called “Flottbeker Chaussee” in its eastern half from Ottensen to Othmarschen , the western half from Flottbek to Blankenese was called “Elbchaussee”. After the Second World War , the name was changed to the uniform Elbchaussee.

history

traffic

The bridge of the Elbchaussee led in 1830 at Teufelsbrück over the Flottbek
eastern beginning of the Elbchaussee

The Elbchaussee was originally a sandy road until the residents founded a road construction association at the end of the 1820s and expanded the path to a narrow road . This road construction association received the state concession to levy a toll on all users, with the exception of pedestrians, for using the highway on Sundays and public holidays . For this purpose, some barriers were erected, demonstrably at the height of today's Hohenzollernring, the Schlagbaumtwiete and probably on the Holztwiete. The road toll was leased and in 1890 16,000 marks were supposedly collected. On April 1, 1890, the eastern part of the Elbchaussee was taken over by the city of Altona and the barriers and road tolls were abolished.

In 1895, tracks were laid for a single-lane horse - drawn tram in the area from Altona to Othmarschen ; resistance arose against the later planned electrification of the line. The first motor vehicle drove over the Elbchaussee to Blankenese on October 5, 1898. However, the increasing car traffic was soon found to be a nuisance. As early as 1904, car traffic around Teufelsbrück , more precisely between Holztwiete and Sieberlingstrasse, was prohibited on Sundays and public holidays in summer . The ban was lifted again in 1910, before the entire Elbchaussee was closed on these days in February 1911 after an accident in Teufelsbrück. The otherwise permissible maximum speed was 15 km / h from 1904 and 25 km / h from 1912. In 1913, the closing times were defined more precisely and were in effect on Sundays and public holidays from 9 a.m. to 11 p.m.

From March 15, 1923, Elbchaussee was also closed to car traffic on weekdays from 3 p.m. With a few minor changes, these times lasted until World War II. Since almost all private individuals had to give up their cars during the war, there was hardly any traffic on the Elbchaussee. After the war, the British occupying forces in particular used the Elbchaussee and widened it further. There was no longer any thought of blocking. After lawsuits with the residents and the corresponding compensation payments to them, Elbchaussee changed from a private road to a normal public road in the early 1950s.

The express bus route 36 in the HVV runs between the Altonaer Rathaus and Mühlenberg stops almost the entire Elbchaussee.

Development

Landhaus Brandt , "pillar house" around 1825
Landhaus Schiller, “Schillerburg” in 1843

Villas on the Elbchaussee

  • Plangesche Villa, Elbchaussee 43

  • Landhaus Weber, Elbchaussee 153

  • Landhaus Brandt , called "Säulenhaus", Elbchaussee 186

  • "Halbmond", Elbchaussee 228 (Remise of the "Landhaus Thornton" (1795/1796), later "Landhaus Schröder", demolished after 1913)

  • Office villa, Elbchaussee 354

  • Rudolf Steiner School, Elbchaussee 366

developments

Listed row villas, Elbchaussee 20–26

Many historical villas on Elbchaussee are increasingly being demolished and replaced by new buildings. On the occasion of the criticism from monument preservationists, architects and residents, the Hanseatic city commissioned a study in which the history of the 501 houses and properties on the Elbchaussee was traced and checked whether the buildings fit harmoniously into the environment. According to the study published in 2002, Elbchaussee is characterized in particular by its individual development. Around 38% of the houses were built between 1871 and 1919 during the founding period and were built according to the individual ideas and needs of the merchants of the time. 44% of the buildings have been built since 1950, about 28% of them since the end of the 1970s, 12% between 1980 and 2000 and about 4% in 2001 and 2002. Every fourth house is a listed building. According to the expertise, almost all of the new buildings do not match the surrounding area. This applies in particular to the multi-family houses and new buildings on the corner of Elbchaussee / Liebermannstrasse or on the former site of the Elbschloss brewery . The Altona building authority manager Reinhold Gütter said: “Many builders agree with us in maintaining the structure of the Elbchaussee. But when it comes to their land, they only have the number of floors in their head. ”Hamburg's chief building director Jörn Walter said in 2013 that new buildings were being built on Elbchaussee“ that simply don't belong there and are anything but showcase ”, some houses were "too big and toad-like". The Altona district office announced that there were “dubious developments in sections of the Elbchaussee”, but from the point of view of the office, the “general claim that the Elbchaussee was architecturally downhill” could not be confirmed.

In order to curb these structural developments, three conservation statutes were enforced on Elbchaussee : for the building ensemble with house numbers 81 to 91 near Donners Park , for the houses on Elbchaussee 132 to 168 on the land side and 131 to 167 on the water side as well as the buildings with house numbers 221 to 275.

Parks on the Elbchaussee

Jenischhaus in Othmarschen

Churches and other buildings

Max Liebermann : Terrace of the Jacob restaurant (1902)

in the order from east to west:

literature

chronologically

  • Karl-H. Walloch: The Elbchaussee. History and stories of Hamburg's most beautiful street . Hamburg, Rasch and Röhring, 1998.
  • Rolf RM Borchard: The Hamburg Elbchaussee. 'The most beautiful street in the world'. , 1992
  • Hildegard von Marchthaler: The Hamburg country house in: German gender book , vol. 171, Hamburg gender book , volume 12, Limburg an der Lahn 1975, pp. XIX ff.
  • Renata Klee-Gobert, Heinz Ramm (arr.): The architectural and art monuments of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg. Volume 2: Altona, Enbvororte . (Edited by Günther Grundmann on behalf of the cultural authority). 2nd edition, Christians Verlag, Hamburg, 1970, ISBN 3-7672-0595-5
  • Paul Th. Hoffmann: The Elbchaussee: their country estates, people and fates , Hamburg 1977, ISBN 3-7672-0496-7 , (first edition 1937, Broschek, Hamburg)
  • Wilhelm Volckens: The country houses of Flottbeker Chaussee on Othmarschen and Övelgönner area in the 19th century . In: Messages from the Association for Hamburg History . tape 39 , no. 1919 . W. Mauke Sons, 1920, p. [7] 200-201 ( online ).
  • Hopke Homfeld: The trees of the Elbchaussee . Meyer, Altona 1894 ( digitized version )

Web links

Commons : Elbchaussee  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Dietrich Kausche: Automobile traffic on the Elbchaussee. A contribution to the history of transport in the 20th century. In Martin Ewald: 300 years Altona, contributions to its history, Hamburg 1964, pp. 173-182
  2. ^ Dietrich Kausche: Automobile traffic on the Elbchaussee, p. 177
  3. ^ Architectural jewels and building sins . In: Die Welt , October 5, 2003.
  4. ↑ Gisela Schütte: Elbchaussee should keep its villa character . In: Die Welt , February 8, 2003.
  5. ↑ Andreas Burgmayer, Kristian Stemmler: Elbchaussee: Villas yes, glass cases undesirable . In: Hamburger Abendblatt , January 30, 2003 (online view subject to charge).
  6. ↑ a b Jens Meyer-Odewald: Elbchaussee: Criticism from the highest point . In: Die Welt , June 18, 2013.
  7. ^ The SPD and the Greens prevent the villa from being demolished . In: Hamburger Abendblatt , May 16, 2012 (online view subject to charge).