Jenischpark

Panorama of the park and the Jenisch house

View from the Jenisch-Haus over the park towards the Elbe

The Jenisch Park is one of the famous parks in Hamburg and is considered one of the most important landscape gardens in northern Germany. It is located in Hamburg-Othmarschen on the Geest slope above the Elbe near Teufelsbrück , its total area is 42  hectares , of which 8  hectares are a nature reserve . With the Jenisch House , the Ernst Barlach House and the Eduard Bargheer Museum , three museums are located directly in the park.

history

The area of ​​today's park was acquired by Caspar Voght together with extensive land (a total of approx. 260 hectares) near the town of Flottbek in the period from 1785 to 1805 for the then considerable sum of 45,600 marks. At the time it was largely uninhabited former cultivated land. Voght's entire estate consisted of four parts, which were grouped around a country house and which are still recognizable in the cityscape today: Süderpark (today's Jenischpark), Norderpark (today including a botanical garden ), Osterpark (today including a golf course) and Westerpark (initially a tree nursery area, Park again today). Voght was inspired in the landscaping of his property by the estate The Leasowes of the English poet William Shenstone . He planned an extensive ideal landscape with which he wanted to achieve a connection between aesthetic and economic aspects, social responsibility and agricultural use. Together with the landscape architect James Booth , he designed a model estate in the form of a so-called rural farm as a sequence of picturesque landscapes that were made accessible via a circular path. The result was a park landscape with unconstrained agricultural areas and buildings, wooded areas and groups of trees.

“I tried to use the beautiful trees, the lovely alternation of hill and valley, the varied groups of trees, the so different land and river, sights and prospects, in order to take a series of alternating paths on the paths through the fields to represent their character of different landscapes one after the other to the eye of the wanderer - carefully avoiding everything petty, hiding the hand of art everywhere, and only forming large masses that would be worthy of the brush. "

- Caspar Voght : quoted in Hamburg Grün

Even in Voght's time, the Süderpark was a particularly intensely designed part of the property, for which only native trees were selected and which integrated the existing tree population. Here were found to underscore the landscape different buildings, such as the 1790 built stick bridge could watch from the visitors Gutsarbeiten, without disturbing them, or the built also in 1790 "Mooshütte" with the coming of Voght gable inscription Amicis et quieti (dt. The Friends and leisure [dedicated] ). The park is divided into two roughly equal parts by the course of the Flottbek . The Flottbek is the last open brook on the Elbe slope and was subject to the influence of the tide until the beginning of the 20th century . Its valley with the naturally overgrown river banks is the only interruption to the otherwise high bank of the Elbe.

After Caspar Voght had already sold the small part of the property south of the Elbchaussee during the French era in Hamburg , he sold the remaining part of the property to Martin Johann Jenisch in 1828 . He stopped agricultural use of the area of ​​the former Süderpark and had it redesigned by the art gardener Johann Heinrich Ohlendorff . The current network of paths was created, greenhouses for Jenisch's collection of palm trees, orchids and cacti were built and some formal gardens as well as new gates and entrance areas were added. Despite Jenisch's changes, the original field structure is still visible, many individual trees and a wooded parcel have been preserved. This transformed the area into a classic landscape park . In the course of the redesign, Jenisch also built the new mansion named after him today . To the north of the house, the “Pleasureground” was probably created as a flower garden between the manor house and the greenhouses, where some foreign woody plants found their way, at least in part from Booth's nursery in what is now Westerpark.

Max Liebermann : Polo game in Jenischpark (1903)

In 1927, the heirs planned to subdivide the complex and sell it. Use as a golf course was also under discussion. To prevent this, the park was leased from the city of Altona and made accessible to the public. In 1937 Altona came to Hamburg through the Greater Hamburg Law . In 1939 the city of Hamburg forced the Jenisch family to sell.

The formerly splendid dilapidated greenhouses were demolished in the 1950s and replaced by a modern greenhouse complex for the International Horticultural Exhibition in 1953 . The second museum, the Barlach House, was built in the northern part of the park in 1962 and expanded in 1997. Parts of the park, especially the wet meadows and softwood meadows of the Flottbek, have been protected as the Flottbektal nature reserve since 1982 . The trees here consist mainly of old willows , in the meadows you can find cuckoo herb , butterbur , sorrel and buttercup . The near-natural vegetation along the Flottbek stands in attractive contrast to the rest of the park landscape.

The third museum, the Eduard Bargheer Museum , opened in September 2017.

Furnishing

The entrance gate on the Elbchaussee

In addition to the three museums and the greenhouses, there is a neo-baroque entrance gate built in 1906 and restored in 2005 , which leads from the Elbchaussee into the park, as well as a former car park attendant's house directly behind it. The gate is also known as the "Kaisertor" because it was built by Martin Rücker von Jenisch on the occasion of his elevation to hereditary nobility for a visit by Kaiser Wilhelm II . Since 1992, some of the old park architectures such as the Knüppelbrücke and the "Mooshütte" (now called "Eierhütte") have been rebuilt with the still valid park maintenance concept and views of the Elbe and the original routes have been restored.

In the northern part of the park in particular, perennials and summer flowers dominate. There are still some exotic trees there today as evidence of Hamburg's trade relations at the time of its creation, including a ginkgo tree that is over 150 years old .

In the vicinity of the Jenischhaus there is an oak tree with a chest height of 8.20 m (2013).

Photographs and map

Coordinates: 53 ° 33 ′ 9 ″  N , 9 ° 51 ′ 56 ″  E

Jenischpark​

Hamburg

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  One of the solitary trees

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  Hollow path from Jenisch-Haus to Flottbektal

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  View from Jenisch-Haus over the Elbe to the former site of the German shipyard in Finkenwerder . (2006)

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  Front of the egg hut (replica of the moss hut)

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  Formal part of the park near the greenhouses

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  Former show greenhouses from the 1950s

literature

in alphabetical order

• Heino Grunert, Axel Iwohn, Eva Henze: Hamburg's green between tradition and trends . Ed .: Hamburg Authority for Urban Development and Environment. Hamburg 2014, p. 61–63 ( online [PDF; accessed January 27, 2016]).
• Axel Iwohn, Martina Nath-Esser, Claudia Wollkopf: Hamburg Grün - The gardens and parks of the city . L&H Verlag, Hamburg 1998, ISBN 3-928119-39-7 , p. 73-78 .
• Koopmann: The country seat of Senator Jenisch in Flottbeck . In: Archive of the Garden and Flower Growing Association for Hamburg, Altona and their surroundings , Hamburg 1839, pp. 31–35, digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DOdpIAAAAYAAJ~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3DRA2-PA31~ double-sided%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D, (the article contains a number of very precise information, including the size of the buildings, the number and names of the plants Etc.).
• Ralf Lange : Architecture in Hamburg . Junius Verlag , Hamburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-88506-586-9 , p. 260 f .
• Charlotte Schoell-Glass: Jenisch-Park and Quellental near Hamburg :
  • Part 1: Caspar Freiherr von Voght's text "Flotbeck in aesthetic view" . In: Die Gartenkunst 1 (1/1989), pp. 125–139.
  • Part 2: A garden for the soul - landscape as a picture. On Baron Caspar Voght's description of his Flottbeck model property . In: Die Gartenkunst 1 (1/1989), pp. 140–154.
• Richard Ehrenberg : From the prehistory of Blankenese and the neighboring towns of Wedel, Dockenhuden, Nienstedten and Flottbek . Otto Meißner, Hamburg 1897, DNB  456513043 , The Prehistory of the Flottbeker Park, p. 103 ( digitized SUB Hamburg - see also: The creation of the Flottbeker Park, p. 106.).

Web links

Commons : Jenischpark  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Jenischpark. In: parks. Environment and Energy Agency, accessed November 21, 2017 . 
• The Jenischpark. Friends of Jenischpark eV, accessed on November 21, 2017 . 
• From tree nursery barons and plant hunters, Jenischpark, Hamburg-Altona. In: Route 4: Pinneberg. garden routes between the seas, accessed November 21, 2017 . 
• Nature and art in Jenischpark. In: travel. NDR , October 17, 2017, accessed on November 21, 2017 . 

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Heino Grunert, Axel Iwohn, Eva Henze: Hamburg's green between tradition and trends . Ed .: Hamburg Authority for Urban Development and Environment. Hamburg 2014, p. 61 .
2. ^ Ernst Finder : Hamburg bourgeoisie in the past . Friederichsen, de Gruyter & Co.mbH, Hamburg 1930, OCLC 645744186 , p. 370 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Reinhard Crusius, Paul Ziegler, Peter Klein : Chronological data on Caspar Voght, his model estate and Jenisch Park and its surroundings to this day . Ed .: Friends of Jenischpark eV Hamburg 2015 ( jenischparkverein.de [PDF; accessed on February 8, 2016]).
4. ^ In Lange: Architecture in Hamburg . 2008, p. 261 . stands for the gardener the name "John Booth".
5. ↑ Axel Iwohn, Martina Nath-eater, Claudia Wollkopf: Hamburg Green - The gardens and parks of the city . L&H Verlag, Hamburg 1998, ISBN 3-928119-39-7 , p. 73 f .
6. ↑ Ohlendorff was only consulted by Senator Martin Jenisch (source: Koopmann: The country seat of Senator Jenisch in Fottbeck ). There are no plans or the like that could prove a redesign by Ohlendorff, contrary to the representation in Hamburg's green between tradition and trends . In addition, Johann Heinrich Ohlendorff was employed as a garden inspector for the botanical garden at Dammtor at this time . He only used the name “art gardener”, which was common at the time, after he had set up his own business in 1844.
7. ↑ Entrance Kaisertor. Friends of Jenischpark eV, accessed on November 21, 2017 . 
8. ↑ Pleasure ground. Friends of Jenischpark eV, accessed on November 21, 2017 . 
9. ^ Entry in the directory of monumental oaks . Retrieved January 10, 2017