Shoulder blade (street)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
shoulder blade
Scapula-schanzenviertel.jpg
2008
Pincerno - shoulder blade 1900.jpg
around 1900
Seen from the horse market;
right Schanzenstrasse

The shoulder blade is a street in the Hamburg districts of Sternschanze and Eimsbüttel ; it is considered the core of the Schanzenviertel . It emerged from the road to Eimsbüttel and was located in the border area between Altona and Hamburg. From the beginning of the 20th century until the Second World War , it was a shopping and entertainment street. Since the mid-1980s it has developed into a pub street with the opening of numerous restaurants.

Surname

Restaurant sign shoulder blade, origin of today's street name, from the Museum of Hamburg History

The name goes back to a tavern that used the shoulder blade of a whale as a figurehead, so that the street was popularly known as the " Beim Kapitelblatt " from around 1700 . The inn itself was mentioned in the Altona land register in 1717. On a map of the border comparison between Altona and Hamburg from the year 1745, the street is marked as Bey the Shoulder Blat . The official name in scapula took place in 1841.

Until the post-war period, the street was widely known as the shoulder blade. It was an inaccuracy in the use of the gender , carried over from the Missingsch . However, this expression has largely disappeared nowadays, instead the shoulder blade is used grammatically correct .

Location and course

Shoulder blade, 2010, in the center of the picture the intersection with Juliusstrasse / Susannenstrasse and market stalls on the "Piazza"

The shoulder blade is just under four kilometers west of Hamburg's city center and until the reorganization of the city districts in 2008 in the border area of ​​the districts of Hamburg-Mitte , Altona and Eimsbüttel . Together with the Budapester Strasse , the Neuer Pferdemarkt and the Eimsbütteler Chaussee, it forms a street course that corresponds to the former country road from the city limits of Hamburg at the Millerntor in a north-westerly direction to Eimsbüttel. The street itself is 800 meters long and lies in the districts of Sternschanze, Altona-Nord and Eimsbüttel.

The shoulder blade begins at the northern end of the New Horse Market, where the Schanzenstrasse branches off to the northeast , and runs in a slight curve to the northwest. After 80 meters the Lerchenstraße joins on the left and after about 300 meters the street crosses Juliusstraße / Susannenstraße. Afterwards, the pedestrian area widens on the right-hand side into a square called a “piazza”. After a good hundred meters you will find Rosenhofstraße on the right-hand side of the street and Eifflerstraße twenty meters further on on the left-hand side. The road then crosses under a bridge of the Hamburg-Altona connecting railway . After another fifty meters, the Max-Brauer-Allee / Altonaer Strasse crosses the shoulder blade. The border between the districts of Altona-Nord, Sternschanze and Eimsbüttel and thus between the districts of Altona and Eimsbüttel has been in the middle of the street since 2008. Immediately north of it, Eimsbütteler Strasse branches off at an angle to the left, and after a few meters on the right-hand side, Amandastrasse. The shoulder blade then runs 230 meters in the Eimsbüttel district and merges into Eimsbütteler Chaussee at the level of Nagels Allee. Instead of the former confluence with Margarethenstraße (since 1965 Margaretenstraße) opposite Nagels Allee, only a footpath between the rows of houses has separated the street on the right side since the 1960s.

Border area and border shifts

Detail of the border map from 1745, on which the boundary signs between the city of Hamburg and Altona are described
Landmark in the pavement of the shoulder blade

The area near the shoulder blade has been Altona's north-eastern border since the founding of Altona in the 16th century, both to the Hamburger Berg , the later suburb of St. Pauli , and to the lands of the St. Johannis Monastery . The latter included the Heidberg von Heimichhude (the later Sternschanze ), the Schäferkamp and the village of Eimsbüttel. With the Reformation they came under the legal authority of the city of Hamburg from 1536 and were under the administration of the monastery foundation. The valley of the Pepermöhlenbek , which was also called Borchgrave (Grenzgraben) at times, was seen as the border. It originated on the Grüner Jäger , ran west of today's Bartelsstrasse and Lindenallee and flowed into Isebek in the area of ​​today's Marthastrasse .

Border disputes were the order of the day until a border comparison was made in 1739 between the then Danish city of Altona and Hamburg. In the process, the Altona area claimed the Bey shoulder Blat area from the Hamburg area. “The old border between Hamburg and Altona followed [...] a line that connects the valley section of the Pepermöhlenbek and the west side of the New Horse Market. In between she cut the street blocks. There was a control walk along a palisade, some of which is still visible today. ”This area gusset is still understandable in today's development: it runs along Schanzenstrasse 1 to 7, bends in a courtyard entrance between Schanzenstrasse 7 and 23 (The house numbers in between are missing for this very reason), runs through the inside of the block diagonally across the Hamburger Hof (shoulder blade 24 a – h) and is recorded with the tapering floor plan of the boarding house (shoulder blade 36).

Marking of the former border: Altona on the left, Hamburg on the right

This resulted in the situation for the shoulder blade that in the first section the land belonged to Altona on both sides, and from the height of today's house number 49 to the confluence of Eimsbütteler Straße on the left. The right side of the street, from today's house number 58, however, was monastery land. The border to Eimsbüttel in turn ran from today's Altonaer Straße diagonally over the shoulder blade along Eimsbütteler Straße. On December 29, 1845, the boundaries of the suburb of St. Pauli were expanded “by including the entire former Rosenhof, so that the suburb bordered as far as the village of Eimsbüttel and a straight line in the extension of the west side of the Weidenallee completed this extension towards the Sternschanze . "

With the Greater Hamburg Law of 1937 and the associated incorporation of Altona into Hamburg, there were further territorial shifts. The border between St. Pauli and Altona was moved forward on the left side of the street to Juliusstraße and on the right to the railway bridge, the section between Juliusstraße and railway bridge belonged to the Altona-Altstadt district, while the section north of the railway to Eimsbütteler Straße Altona North . The left side of the street from Eimsbütteler Straße to Nagels Allee and the right side from the railway embankment to the confluence with Margaretenstraße belonged to Eimsbüttel. The shoulder blade thus not only ran through four districts, but was also under the administration of three different districts: In addition to Altona and Eimsbüttel, the district of Hamburg-Mitte for the St. Pauli section.

  • The city arms of Altona in the direction of the shoulder blade

  • and the hamburger facing Schanzenstrasse.

With the law on the spatial structure of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg , the new Sternschanze district was created on March 1, 2008 and the shoulder blade was given a new assignment. On the left to the railway bridge and on the right to Altonaer Straße, it now belongs to this new district and thus back to Altona. The left-hand section north of the railway to Eimsbütteler Straße remained at Altona-Nord, the Eimsbütteler part begins at Eimsbütteler Straße and Altonaer Straße.

As a reminder of the boundaries 1739 is located at the corner scapula / Schanzenstraße, a four-storey residential and commercial building the early days , the rich facade decoration above the second floor to Schanzenstraße towards the Hamburger and to the shoulder blade the Altona crest , both laubumkränzt and Putten carried . Some historical boundary stones with the marking “A | H”, which are included in the pavement pavement in the section from the confluence of Susannenstraße to the railway bridge, provide further information. They date from 1889, are under monument protection and are located in front of house numbers 88, 92 and 98. On the pedestrianized piazza, the former border line has been highlighted since 2002 by different paving.

history

The shoulder blade was part of a country road that had existed since the 13th century at the latest, branched off from the Elbhöhenweg at the height of the later Millerntor and continued in the direction of Eimsbüttel to Pinneberg . From the 12th century onwards, the area was owned by the Counts of Schauenburg and Holstein , who pledged the Hamburger Berg in 1246 and the lands northwest of the Eimsbütteler Landstrasse to the Herwardeshude monastery, later St. John's monastery, in 1246. The area southwest of the road remained part of the County of Holstein , merged into the County of Holstein-Itzehoe in 1261 and into the County of Holstein-Pinneberg in 1290 . With this, the Altona part of the shoulder blade also came to Denmark through inheritance in 1640 and became the northern border area in 1664, when Altona was granted city rights .

Development

The first documented development on the country road to Eimsbüttel was an inn with the name "scapula", which was opened after the Danish siege of Hamburg in 1686 and entered in 1717 in the city register of Altona. The name goes back to the shoulder blade of a whale, which the landlord got from whalers from the Greenland Company founded in Altona in 1685 and used as a figurehead for his inn. There are two of these signs in the collection of the Museum für Hamburgische Geschichte : one is decorated with a few drawings on both sides with the writing shoulder = leaf , on another one reads the sentence Here you get beer and sparkling wine .

Map from 1853 (detail)
Map from 1880 (detail)

From the middle of the 18th century, a few "private people" had settled in the area of ​​the shoulder blade, a first pharmacy is recorded for the year 1773, which was operated by a Georg Vogelsank. On December 27, 1813, the French occupiers burned down all the settlements in front of the Hamburg ramparts , including the 26 houses on the shoulder blade: “In order to give the Sternschanze a clear overview, the Rosenhof, the shoulder blade, was even beyond the Hamburg border the Schäferkamp and the largest part of Eimsbüttels [...] burned down and demolished and almost all the tree plantings cut down. "

The residents returned after the French left and rebuilt their houses. The first commercial operations also opened on the shoulder blade, so it was announced in the Hamburg Correspondent on September 28, 1831 that a certain John Blankley and his sons were to become partners in the newly built iron foundry. This was located behind the confluence with Lerchenstrasse.

The urban development and development of the scapula, like the entire Schanzenviertel, began in the middle of the 19th century from both Hamburg and Altona. The construction of the connecting line between Altona station and Klosterthor station from 1864 to 1866 brought the road a convenient connection. At the shoulder blade the railway line ran on the border with Eimsbüttel. To the left of the street, towards Friedenstraße (today's Lippmannstraße), the shoulder blade station was created as a station between the Altona and Sternschanze stations . For this purpose, the parallel street was built parallel to the railway line (since 1945 Eifflerstraße). The shoulder blade station existed from 1866 to 1891, it was removed in the course of the relocation of the route to a dam and replaced by the Holstenstrasse station from 1893 . In 1903 the railway bridge over the shoulder blade was completed, it was a steel girder bridge , which was constructed on stone abutments and two rows of supports. In 2005 it was replaced by a new concrete composite bridge.

Business and pleasure street

By the beginning of the 20th century, the development was largely complete, the last large gap was closed in 1930 with the completion of the Boardinghouse des Westens at shoulder blade 24-36. The various construction stages are still partially understandable, especially on the left side of the street in front of Juliusstrasse. There are still two-story houses from the first construction phase around 1860, originally single suburban houses, next to three-story apartment buildings from around 1870 to 1880 and imposing four-story Wilhelminian - style houses that were built around 1890. With the expansion, the shoulder blade became a shopping street, the ground floors were largely reserved for shops, and the floors above were mostly occupied by upper-class apartments. Business settled in the backyards , but in many cases they were also built on with workers' quarters, residential courtyards and so-called terraces (two-sided blocks of houses running along the street axis behind a front building). With separate kitchens, shared toilets and lighted staircases, these brought with them a certain amount of progress in hygiene, but due to the tightness and density of the facilities, they were in the tradition of the Gängeviertel .

With the first development, numerous amusement facilities were also created on the shoulder blade. As early as 1835, a summer theater called Tivoli with an excursion garden opened on the property of today's Rote Flora , supplemented by a half-timbered building as Schmidt's Tivoli from 1859 and replaced from 1889 by a spacious building complex with gardens, the Flora society and concert house . Another well-known building from the beginning of the 19th century was the Belle Alliance at shoulder blade 115–119, behind the confluence of Eimsbütteler Strasse, with large social rooms, used as a cinema from 1906 onwards.

  • At the height of Eimsbütteler Strasse, around 1900, on the left side of the picture the "Belle Alliance Hotel"

  • View from the direction of Eimsbüttel into the shoulder blade with the railway bridge, around 1905

  • View from Nagels Allee over the shoulder blade into Margaretenstrasse, on the left the Bucky department store at the beginning of Eimsbütteler Chaussee, around 1910

Numerous inns also opened in the 19th century, such as the “Bierhaus shoulder blade” at the beginning of the street, the “Kaisersäle” on the corner of today's Max-Brauer-Allee and the "Wartburg" on the corner of today's Nagels Allee (up to approx . 1880 Nagels Weg , compare map from 1880 ). The “Zauberflöte” bar on the corner of Juliusstrasse and the “Skatdiele” opposite the Flora were also well known. In 1907 the watchmaker Gerhard Diedrich Wempe opened his first shop in the Altona area at shoulder blade 141. A huge street clock, which he had installed on the facade, attracted numerous customers and it was able to generate so much sales that the company already had five branches in neighboring Hamburg in 1914. From the end of the 1920s, there was “Hansen's Cinema” in house number 47–49. In particular in the Eimsbüttel part of the shoulder blade, north of the railway line, larger shops and department stores developed around the turn of the century. Oscar Kautzky's shop was on the corner of Altonaer Strasse, and the Poetsch department store at the junction with Amandastrasse. It had a Jewish owner and was taken over by Karstadt in the early 1930s . One street corner further, at the Margaretenstrasse intersection, was the well-known Bucky department store. It was founded in 1890 as a wool and white goods store by Carl Bucky, a Jew. In the late 1920s it underwent an even more unusual for its time neon - neon sign attracted attention. The advertising slogan "Even the aunt from Kentucky is going to sell out in Bucky" has been passed down many times.

Until 1943, the shoulder blade, together with the Eimsbütteler Chaussee, was the nerve of the busy life outside the Altona and Hamburg inner-city areas due to the numerous shops, department stores, cinemas and entertainment venues. “In the evening you walked from Sillemstrasse to the new horse market - via Eimsbütteler Chaussee, shoulder blade: one side of the street up, the other down. Then they looked at what they wanted to buy but couldn't because the money wasn't there. "

Further development

After the National Socialists came to power , there were repeated attacks and calls for boycotts against businesses with Jewish owners from April 1933 , windows were thrown in and Nazi slogans were smeared on the houses. By 1938, a large number of shops and companies had been "aryanized" . For example, Dasking announced the takeover of the Bucky department store with the headline “Oops, here we go!”. Other expropriated shops known today were the specialty shop for optics, photography and cinema Campbell & Co. , shoulder blade 156a, the lingerie shop Gazelle , shoulder blade 140, the furniture store Elias Kreph, shoulder blade 32, the silk goods store Willy Mees & Co. , shoulder blade 144/146, the men's clothing store by Jacob Pfifferling, shoulder blade 125, the Speier shoe store , shoulder blade 140/142 and the women's hat store by Ferdinand Stern, shoulder blade 128.

During the Second World War , large parts of the shoulder blade were destroyed in the first attack wave of Operation Gomorrah on the night of July 24th to 25th, 1943. The Eimsbüttel part from the railway line, whose building stock was almost completely ruined, was particularly affected, but also individual buildings and especially backyards in the front section. The reconstruction after the war was in most cases makeshift, partially destroyed houses were shortened by floors that were no longer usable, completely destroyed houses were replaced with one to two-storey temporary arrangements. In the Eimsbüttel part, a complete restructuring and development took place in the 1960s, in the course of which Margaretenstrasse and Bartelsstrasse, which ran parallel to the shoulder blade, were shortened. In this area, the so-called Lindenpark is now laid out, through which a footpath leads to the shoulder blade as an extension of today's Margaretenstrasse.

The post-war shoulder blade, like the entire Schanzenviertel, had the character of a destroyed street until the 1980s, some facades retained black protective paint for decades, the building fabric was considered "run down" and rents were cheap. From the 1960s onwards there was an increasing influx of migrants and students, a subcultural and “politically left” scene with an alternative infrastructure of shops and bars developed. The successful protest of the residents against the planned construction of a musical theater at the Flora site in 1988 received particular public attention , as did the occupation of the remaining building as Rote Flora , which followed a year later and continues to this day . The Rote Flora is an autonomous center and is the starting point for socially, culturally and politically motivated activities of the radical left that extend beyond Hamburg .

The classic beer house from the 1970s , shoulder blade on shoulder blade No. 3 , became the Pickenpack , a mixture of trendy bar and discotheque, which was run until the end of the 1980s and was then bought by the Asian restaurant chain Bok . Together with the Zartbitter pub and the miniature discotheque Stairways , it formed the so-called " Bermuda Triangle ". The pick pack made headlines in the media through an action ( "They vomited at the bar, threw food and forced a woman to lick their dirty boots. When a senior judge tried to stop the rockers, he was beaten. “ ) Of the Hells Angels , led by Klaus-Peter Grabe, in the summer of 1983 . The Hamburg Chapter of the Hells Angels was Angel's Place , which was located on the Neuer Horse Market, in the immediate vicinity of the Pickenpack and was often terrorized by the rockers.

Street scene, “Piazza” opposite the Rote Flora, 2005

From 1986 to 2009 the shoulder blade was a redevelopment area . For a long time, residents resisted the associated restructuring and upgrading of the district, which resulted in higher rents, a problem that is now referred to as gentrification . Points of contention, in addition to the structural changes, were the closure of social institutions, such as the drug advice center FixStern on shoulder blade 75 at the turn of the year 2003/2004. Thus the development of a so-called open drug scene, which was problematized by residents and the media from the mid-1990s, into a dispute about the structural future of the entire quarter, was succinctly summarized under the heading: “The window on misery is closed”.

In the meantime, it is the gastronomy that dominates the street. In particular, the piazza that was laid out in 2002 between Susannenstrasse and Rosenhofstrasse , unofficially also known as Achidi-John-Platz , is occupied by numerous restaurants and street cafes. The resulting noise and dirt as well as the narrowing of the sidewalks by exposed tables and chairs create conflicts of use between residents, restaurateurs and guests.

During the G20 summit in Hamburg on the evening of July 7, 2017, the shoulder blade became the focus of violent riots and the looting of several shops.

Development

The shoulder blade has an intensive mixed use with residential development, numerous, mostly small to medium-sized shops, restaurants and service companies. The ground floors of the front section up to the railway bridge are almost entirely occupied by shops. The development consists of different building types from different decades since the middle of the 19th century. Since the end of the 20th century, in addition to extensive renovation, some of the older houses have been demolished and replaced by new buildings. A total of 25 residential commercial buildings are in this part of conservation found also the Hamburger Hof at number 24 as Backyard Ensemble and Piano Factory at number 58 as a factory plant. The largest part of these protected positions as a whole is taken up by the Wilhelminian style houses from before the confluence of Susannenstraße to Rosenhofstraße (house numbers 58a to 86), together with other buildings in these streets. The area behind the railway bridge in the direction of Eimsbüttel was restructured after the war damage and is mainly occupied by loosened buildings from the 1960s.

Boardinghouse of the West

Boardinghouse of the West

The right side of the street of the first section is dominated by the elongated building of the Boardinghaus des Westens at number 26-36. The strictly structured facade and a tower-like oriel arch projecting over the sidewalk are striking, which resulted from the acute-angled shape of the property at an angle to the street axis, which corresponds to the former borderline. The architecture, which is atypical for a residential building, is the result of several changes in planning as a result of the global economic crisis. The house was built in 1930/1931 by the architects Rudolf Klophaus , August Schoch and Erich zu Putlitz for the businessman C. Hinrichsen and was considered a special case among the large residential complexes of the twenties: a bourgeois kitchen house was intended for living in the city with communal facilities and service a hotel, the apartments were of various sizes and could be rented with or without service or cleaning, for longer or shorter periods, the rents were described as high. There were shops on the first floor. But the living experiment failed, and small apartments were set up as early as 1933. In 1941 it was converted into an administration building and the state insurance company moved in. From 1971 to 1975 it was used to accommodate what were then known as guest workers . Between 1976 and 1989 it was taken over by the Montblanc company , which had been producing on Schanzenstrasse since 1910, as an office building. During the time of reunification , it was used for a short time to accommodate resettlers from the GDR and then rented out again for office purposes. Since 1989 it has been the main seat of the urban renewal society (STEG), until 2007 the Research Center for Contemporary History in Hamburg (FZH) was housed on the upper floor.

Pianoforte factory

Front building 58 of the former piano factory with the floors built in 2009

A building complex of the scapula that is not visible from the street is the red brick industrial estate at number 58, which is located with its southern area behind the boarding house. It was planned by the architect CE Hermann for Isermann's piano factory with workshops, office building and warehouse and expanded several times. Many small companies later moved into the three inner courtyards, such as a rubber laundry, a machine factory and a spice mill. In 1908 the front building was converted into a residential building, and in 1910 a central wing was added to the courtyard. In 1919 there was a foreclosure auction and the new owner was Industria Grundstücksgesellschaft mbH . From 1942, slave laborers were housed in Block C.

The front building was damaged during the Second World War and rebuilt in 1950 on a single storey basis. In 2009 it was increased by a further two floors, while the entire facade was clinkered with classic style elements, adapted to the neighboring Wilhelminian style buildings. The inner courtyard complex had already been redeveloped in the mid-1990s, with the remises to the south being torn down and replaced with new buildings. The facility will continue to be used commercially, in particular by so-called new media companies , but in some cases also for residential purposes.

Backyards

While large parts of the street development feature spacious commercial buildings, backyards for commercial and residential use were created in the interior of the block. Above all in the front section of the right side of the street, in the Geviert shoulder blade, Susannenstraße, Bartelsstraße and Schanzenstraße, an angled system of rear buildings, terraces and passages emerged from the middle of the 19th century, in some cases even before the peripheral buildings.

The so-called Hamburger Hof is located in the southern section on the right-hand side behind house numbers 14 and 24 . The two elongated, three- and four-story plaster bars, built between 1869 and 1882, enclose a triangular square on the north and east sides, the undeveloped side of which is closed by a wall on the historic border line between Hamburg and Altona. To the north is the pianoforte factory. The courtyard and the rear buildings of the Bachterrasse (house number 41a) and balcony terrace (house number 35–37), which are accessible from Schanzenstrasse , are listed as an ensemble. Its name can be traced back to the fact that a residential courtyard on Hamburg's territory was only accessible from the Altona area, beyond the city limits. This had significant effects during the cholera epidemic of 1892 : while in the Hamburger Hof, which was connected to the Altona water network, with 345 residents at that time, there was not a single case of illness, there were high casualties in the directly adjacent houses that were supplied with Hamburg water.

The house on the shoulder blade 62 has a passage to a courtyard area in which there is a large-scale playground, called BaSchu , which was created in 1997 on the initiative of parents. It runs through the entire inner block and at the other end has an exit to Bartelsstrasse. Until the destruction in the bombing war in 1943, the largest rear courtyard terrace of the Schanzenviertel, the so-called Millions Court, was located here . With a slightly ironic appeal, the name referred to the narrow and dark buildings with two parallel rows of rear buildings from the shoulder blade to Bartelsstrasse, where "millions" lived who belonged to the poorer population. On the southern side, the four-storey brick facade of the Pianoforte factory extends over 60 meters, in the adjoining free area towards the Bartelsstraße exit, today used as a football field, the war-torn northern part of the Bachterrasse (Schanzenstraße 41a) was connected until 1943 . To the north are further backyards that are still preserved today and can be accessed from Susannenstrasse.

Shoulder blade, Braunschweiger Hof

An architectural and historical specialty is the so-called Braunschweiger Hof on the left side of the street at number 59. These are two brick-story buildings belonging to the Hanover Building School , which is unusual and atypical for Altona. The north row, on the right of the passage, is a house built in 1873, which stood free on Juliusstraße when it was built and was the front building to the south row built in 1875. This in turn was via the passage of the front house, shoulder blade no. 57 / no. 61 accessible. The ensemble had a mixed residential and commercial use, the right row contained a beer cellar with access from the courtyard, which was rebuilt in 1896 and equipped with a conditor oven. In the left were horse stables and a coach workshop on the ground floor. "Both the type of access and the layouts point back to ideas about living and families that have their roots in pre-industrial forms of living."

flora

Flora Theater, around 1900

On the shoulder blade 71, in the section between Juliusstraße and Eifflerstraße, is the former Concerthaus Flora , occupied as a district center since 1989 and called Rote Flora since then . The building was built in 1888 for the merchants Theodor Mutzenbecher and Lerch as the “Society and Concert House Flora”. The complex included numerous outbuildings, such as the Crystallpalast , built in 1890 , the rear of which was behind the houses on Juliusstraße, and a ballroom in the rear part of the property, which extended to the property on Friedensstraße, today's Lippmannstraße. The individual houses were connected by numerous open verandas and corridors within the flora garden . From 1895 it was continued as the Flora Theater , where numerous popular variety performances took place. At the end of the 1920s, the program was expanded in the hope of a wider audience. B. wrestling matches before. From 1936, the rear ballroom was converted into a garage hall, and small apartments were created on the upper floors. In 1941 a raised bunker for 700 people was built in the Flora Garden . During the Second World War, the flora remained largely undamaged. In 1949 it was able to reopen after a minor renovation.

From 1953 to 1964 the building served as a cinema with 800 seats. In 1964 Sprinkenhof AG bought the building as the city-owned real estate company and rented it to the discount company 1000 pots . In 1974 the top floor and the second floor were removed and a flat roof was put on. In 1987 the building was given to the musical producer Friedrich Kurz with the aim of setting up a musical theater there. There was widespread resistance to these plans from residents, tradespeople and autonomous groups, who feared that such a large-scale project would lead to a restructuring of the district and the associated rent increases. Nevertheless, from April 1988 onwards, most of the building complex was demolished, only a trunk of the entrance building on the shoulder blade remained. However, numerous actions, a construction site occupation in June 1988 and permanent tearing down of the site fences led in September 1988 to the fact that, despite daily police surveillance, the investors gave up the musical project at this location.

Rote Flora, July 2007

Subsequently, initiatives from the district tried to preserve the remaining building. In August 1989, the city surprisingly offered the initiatives a six-week limited-term usage contract in order to present the idea of ​​an alternative use to the public. The groups used this opportunity to temporarily restore the ruins and officially opened the Rote Flora as a district center on September 23, 1989 . After six weeks, the flora was declared occupied on November 1, 1989 . Since then, the building has been used as a cultural and political meeting place. There are no paid jobs, no funding, the interests of the project are organized within the framework of self-administration .

From 1992 contract negotiations between the city and the Flora occupiers took place several times, each time under the sign that if the contract was not concluded, evacuation should take place. In fact, however, the negotiations did not lead to any result, the threatened evacuation was not carried out, and the Rote Flora remained occupied. In November 1995 the upper floor burned out due to a technical defect, the occupiers were able to repair the building themselves and with broad support. In March 2001 the Hamburg Senate sold the house for DM 370,000 to real estate agent Klausmartin Kretschmer, who promised not to change the status of the Rote Flora. The flora sometimes attracts attention through large-scale police actions against the background of political disputes or the street festivals that take place regularly in the Schanzenviertel. On the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the Rote Flora, a series of events were organized in autumn 2009 that dealt with the history and perspectives of the project. In this context, the owner Klausmartin Kretschmer said in an interview that he was questioning the future of the occupied house and was considering eviction for the first time. After the mayor elections in 2011 , the new mayor Olaf Scholz declared that he wanted to keep the Rote Flora and did not intend to "change anything on the whole in the current situation." After the bankruptcy proceedings had been opened for Kretschmer's assets, the creditors' meeting decided in October 2014 to sell the house back to the city of Hamburg for 820,000 euros.

Belle Alliance

The Belle Alliance at the confluence with Eimsbütteler Strasse, around 1890
The same place in 2011

A previously well-known establishment that was destroyed in the war and not rebuilt was the Belle Alliance on the shoulder blade 115–119 / corner of Eimsbütteler Straße 2. Its predecessor, the Timm'sche Wirthshaus Belle Alliance , was mentioned in a Hamburg travel guide by Professor Schütz as early as 1827 especially highlighted “the very pleasant garden”. The addition to the name was a widespread appreciation of the Prussian contribution to the Wars of Liberation after the victory over Napoleon in 1815 . The Bellealliancestrasse , 350 meters further in the direction of Eimsbüttel and built in 1870, was named after this inn.

In 1860, FA Stricker, a former bricklayer and innkeeper in the Große Freiheit , took over the Belle-Alliance , converted it several times and finally turned it into a hotel and theater: “He lured people with grand piano and 'Orchester parisien', garden and bowling balls. A pleasure garden that changed owners every two to seven years, was expanded and finally had a dance hall over a thousand square meters. Lush celebrations took place here, the nearby colossal flora did not overshadow 'La Belle Alliance'. ”In addition, the labor movement used the house as a meeting place as early as the 19th century, according to a strike movement initiated by basket makers in 1868:“ Since the meetings are forbidden in Hamburg, the strikers move in long trains, often with a jingling sound, through Altona to the 'Belle Alliance' in Eimsbüttel ”.

In 1906, Jeremias Henschel set up a theater of living photographs in the large dance hall , popularly known as the Belle Cinema . In 1908 it was considered the largest movie theater in Hamburg with around 1900 seats . In 1911 and 1918 it was expanded again, the screen was enlarged to 35 square meters and space was created for a twenty-man orchestra. The in-house restaurant closed in 1924, and the cinema continued until the Second World War. The house was destroyed on the night of July 25, 1943, during Operation Gomorrah. A sober seven-story clinker brick building of post-war architecture has stood in its place since the 1960s.

Transportation

No public transport goes through the shoulder blade, but at the intersection of Max-Brauer-Allee / Altonaer Straße there is a stop for the crossing bus line 15 of the Hamburg Transport Association (HVV), which goes from Altona down to Alsterchaussee. The closest S-Bahn and U-Bahn station Sternschanze is about 300 to 400 meters walk from the middle of the shoulder blade.

Shoulder blade station on the Hamburg-Altona connection line

From 1865 to 1893, the road with the shoulder blade station had its own access to the connecting railway. It was located on the parallel street built especially for this purpose, parallel to the railway line (since 1945 Eifflerstraße) and was replaced one day after its closure by the opening of the Holstenstraße station. The last traces of the shoulder blade station disappeared in 2005 when the bridge over the shoulder blade was rebuilt.

Until 1970 several tram lines ran through the scapula, at times up to five lines in parallel. The main lines ran along the street from the horse market to Eimsbütteler Chaussee, the Altonaer Ringbahn from the avenue (today Max-Brauer-Allee) to Juliusstraße. The predecessor of the tram was the horse-drawn tram , which was used from 1882, initially on the Ringbahn route. From 1898 it was gradually replaced by the electrified railways. After 1960, individual trams only ran through the shoulder blade at times (e.g. as a night line).

literature

  • Project group living in the district: The shoulder blade. A quarter changes . Hamburg 1982.
  • Hans-Günther Freitag / Hans-Werner Engels : Altona. Hamburg's beautiful sister. Hamburg 1982, ISBN 3-7672-1135-1 .

Web links

Commons : shoulder blade  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Project group living in the district: The shoulder blade. A quarter changes . Hamburg 1982, p. 25.
  2. ↑ Reinhold Pabel : Old Hamburg street names . Edition Temmen, Bremen 2001.
  3. ^ Project group living in the district: The shoulder blade. A quarter changes . Hamburg 1982.
  4. ↑ This is not to be confused with the stream of the same name, which flowed into the Elbe between St. Pauli and Altona and gave the street Pepermölenbek its name. Street directory St. Pauli
  5. ^ Wilhelm Melhop: Historical topography of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg from 1895–1920: using official sources . Hamburg 1923, p. 263.
  6. ^ Hermann Hipp: Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg. History, culture and urban architecture on the Elbe and Alster. 3rd edition, Cologne 1996, ISBN 3-7701-1590-2 , p. 252; see also: University of Hamburg library system: border map, on which the boundary signs between the city of Hamburg and Altona are described , accessed on February 11, 2011.
  7. ↑ Landmarks at the fish market
  8. ^ A b Cipriano Francisco Gaedechens: Historical topography of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg from 1880 to 1895 (along with many supplements from earlier times) . Mauke, Hamburg 1880–1895.
  9. ↑ Sternschanze map of the State Statistical Office (PDF; 637 kB), accessed on February 10, 2011.
  10. ↑ a b List of the recognized monuments of the Hamburg Monument Protection Office (PDF; 2.8 MB), accessed on February 11, 2011.
  11. ^ A b Ernst Heinrich Wichmann: Der Hamburger Berg, suburb of St. Pauli. Historically and topographically shown . Hamburg 1879.
  12. ^ Project group living in the district: The shoulder blade. A quarter changes . Hamburg 1982, p. 12.
  13. ^ Wilhelm Melhop: Historical topography of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg from 1895–1920: using official sources . Hamburg 1923.
  14. ^ Facsimile print of the Hamburg correspondent from 1831 as google-book , accessed on February 11, 2011.
  15. ^ Cipriano Francisco Gaedechens: Historical topography of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg from 1880 to 1895 , Hamburg 1880–1895.
  16. ^ Sven Bardua: Bridge metropolis Hamburg. Architecture and technology history up to 1945. Dölling and Galitz Verlag, Hamburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-937904-88-7 , p. 27.
  17. ↑ Hamburg.de: Final report of the redevelopment area Eimsbüttel S2 Sternschanze, page 107. Accessed on March 12, 2018 . (PDF, 43.6 MB)
  18. ^ A b c Jörg Haspel: Hamburger Hinterhäuser: Terraces - Passages - Courtyards . Hamburg, 1987.
  19. ↑ The clock from the shoulder blade, DIE WELT from July 1, 2007 (accessed on February 26, 2013)
  20. ↑ Katharine Marut-Schröter, Jan Schröter: Eimsbüttel im Wandel . Medien-Verlag Schubert, Hamburg 1992, ISBN 3-9802319-9-2 .
  21. ^ Frieda Runge: In the Schanzenviertel 1925 to 1933 . In: Jens Michelsen (Ed.): Eimsbüttler Promenaden . Dölling and Galitz Verlag, Hamburg 1994, ISBN 3-926174-85-4 , pp. 117-130.
  22. ↑ a b Werner Skrentny (Ed.): Hamburg on foot. 20 city tours , revised edition. Hamburg 1992, ISBN 3-87975-619-8 .
  23. ^ Frank Bajohr: "Aryanization" in Hamburg. The displacement of Jewish entrepreneurs 1933–1945 . Hans Christians Verlag, Hamburg 1997, ISBN 3-7672-1302-8 .
  24. ^ Karsten Dustin Hoffmann: Red Flora. Aims, means and effects of a left-wing autonomous center in Hamburg (= extremism and democracy . Vol. 21). Nomos, Baden-Baden 2011, ISBN 978-3-8329-6996-7 .
  25. ↑ St. Pauli Normal. Peck pack
  26. ↑ A quarter of a century beginning. TAZ. November 8, 2014
  27. ↑ New book about the Hamburg rockers This is how the Hells Angels make their millions. Hamburger Morgenpost. October 13, 2012
  28. ↑ Hamburg club mausoleum. When the Schanze became a trendy area. FC St. Pauli had just moved up to the first division and the Angels were tamed when the Pickenpack pub became a club. And thereby promoted their end. Zeit Online, June 2, 2017
  29. ↑ They made the neighborhood hell. Hamburger Abendblatt. February 28, 2006
  30. ↑ steg: redevelopment area shoulder blade ( memento of July 27, 2010 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on February 14, 2011.
  31. ↑ Schanze: The window on misery is closed (PDF; 1.1 MB), accessed on February 14, 2011.
  32. ↑ according to an alleged dealer who died in December 2001 while using emetics (see death of Achidi John ), article in the Hamburger Abendblatt from July 13, 2006 , accessed on February 14, 2011.
  33. ↑ Philip Volkmann-Schluck: From flora circles and monarchy spectacles. Hamburger Abendblatt , April 30, 2011, accessed on May 25, 2016 .
  34. ↑ steg: shoulder blade square in Hamburg's Schanzenviertel: urban life versus quality of living? ( Memento of July 27, 2010 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on February 14, 2011.
  35. ↑ Thomas Berbner, Georg Mascolo, Christian Baars: G20 riot: Was there really an ambush? NDR, July 19, 2017
  36. ^ Hamburg one year after the G20 summit Deutschlandfunk Kultur on July 6, 2018
  37. ^ Ralf Lange : Architectural Guide Hamburg . Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-930698-58-7 , p. 94.
  38. ^ Hermann Hipp: Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg. History, culture and urban architecture on the Elbe and Alster. P. 253.
  39. ^ Project group living in the district: The shoulder blade. A quarter changes . Hamburg 1982, p. 85.
  40. ↑ Winkle: Chronology and consequences of Hamburg cholera from 1892 . ( Memento of the original from January 23, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 11, 2011. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.collasius.org
  41. ↑ Hamburger Abendblatt March 16, 2004
  42. ↑ Support for the red flora . In: taz , March 3, 2011
  43. ↑ Hamburger Abendblatt: City of Hamburg buys Rote Flora from Kretschmer , declaration from August 2013, mobil.abendblatt.de from October 31, 2014.
  44. ^ Udo Pini : A guest in old Hamburg. Memories of hotels, restaurants, excursion bars, ballrooms, pubs, cafes and variety shows . Hamburg 1997, ISBN 3-88034-350-0 .
  45. ↑ Helmuth Warnke: "... not just the beautiful Marianne". The other Eimsbüttel . VSA-Verlag, Hamburg 1984, ISBN 3-87975-285-0 , p. 28.
  46. ^ Belle Alliance Theater . Film and TV Museum Hamburg, accessed on February 11, 2011.
  47. ↑ Overview of tram lines on the shoulder blade ( Memento from November 19, 2009 in the Internet Archive )

Coordinates: 53 ° 33 ′ 40 ″  N , 9 ° 57 ′ 46 ″  E