Nassau (Lahn)

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 50 ° 19 ′  N , 7 ° 48 ′  E
Basic data
State :	Rhineland-Palatinate
County :	Rhein-Lahn district
Association municipality :	Bad Ems-Nassau
Height :	100 m above sea level NHN
Area :	17.51 ​​km 2
Residents:	4535 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	259 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	56377
Area code :	02604
License plate :	EMS, DIZ, GOH
Community key :	07 1 41 091
Association administration address:	Am Adelsheimer Hof 1 56377 Nassau
Website :	www.stadt-nassau.de
City Mayor :	Manuel Liguori ( SPD )
Location of the city of Nassau in the Rhein-Lahn district

Aerial photograph 2007

Nassau - Excerpt from the Topographia Hassiae by Matthäus Merian 1655

Nassau Castle

Nassau train station

Nassau City Hall

Nassau is a town in the Rhein-Lahn district in Rhineland-Palatinate and belongs to the Bad Ems-Nassau community . Nassau is a state-approved climatic health resort and designated as a basic center according to state planning . The city is ecclesiastically assigned to the Diocese of Limburg (Roman Catholic) and the Evangelical Church in Hesse and Nassau .

geography

The city is embedded in the Lahn valley between the cities of Koblenz , Bad Ems and Limburg an der Lahn and lies on the German-Dutch holiday route Oranier Route . The federal road 260 , also called Bäderstraße, connects the cities of Wiesbaden, Schlangenbad, Bad Schwalbach, across the Taunus to the Lahn, with Nassau and Bad Ems.

It is divided into the districts of Nassau and Bergnassau. The district of Nassau also includes the residential areas Elisenhütte, Obergutenau, Schützenhaus, Untergutenau and Schrebs ; to the Bergnassau district the residential areas Burg Nassau , Hühnerfarm, Koppelheck and Langau.

history

Nassau was first mentioned in 915 as the manor belonging to the Bishop of Worms as "Villa Nassova". At that time it was a labor court of the German King Konrad I , the center of his estate and forest district between Sayn , Rhine and Lahn. Around 1100, the Counts built by Laurenburg the Nassau Castle , after their descendants called themselves since 1160th So it became the ancestral seat of the counts of the Nassau family , who still rule Luxembourg and the Netherlands today .

With the granting of town charter on July 26th 1348 together with Dausenau and Schüsten by Emperor Charles IV , Nassau started a clear upward trend compared to the non-privy villages in the area. Trade and industry flourished, Nassau became a court and received "rights, freedoms, honor, dignity and utility, like other cities in the empire". In this context, Nassau built its city fortifications with towers and walls, of which only two towers and a few remains of the wall are still today.

Nassau was different lines owned by the House of Nassau and belonged from 1806 to the recently completed Duchy of Nassau , which was 60 years in 1866 by Prussia annexed was. Until 1885, Nassau was the official place of the Nassau office and from 1868 until the end of World War II it was part of the Prussian province of Hessen-Nassau .

On February 2, 1945 there was a first and on March 19, 1945 a second surprise air raid by Allied bombers on Bad Nassau. This took place even though the place was designated as a spa and hospital town and the roof of the Kurhaus as well as the Cologne home and the Nassau hospital (Henrietten-Theresen-Stift) were marked with a Red Cross. In these two major attacks, almost 80 percent of the city center was destroyed by incendiary bombs ( phosphorus bombs ) and up to 300 people lost their lives, an estimated 100 of them in the area of ​​the bombed Kurhaus (250 beds). The chief physician, doctors, nurses as well as the entire staff and many unidentifiable patients fell victim to the bombs. Later the badly damaged health resort and hospital for wounded soldiers was demolished and not rebuilt. This led to the revocation of the status of a spa town. The healing spring in the immediate vicinity of the Lahn was hit by aerial bombs and has since dried up. The reason for the two air raids was given by the Allies that the Nassau train station had served as a loading station for ammunition and launch pad components for the V2 rocket in the first quarter of 1945 .

Since 1946 the place has been part of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate . The 1348 freed-up place Schänen (first mentioned in 1163 as "Schura") was incorporated into the city of Nassau on June 7, 1969 with Bergnassau (first mentioned in 1262 as "Berg Eldig"). The Verbandsgemeinde Nassau was formed in 1972 by state law and became part of the new Verbandsgemeinde Bad Ems-Nassau in 2019 .

politics

City council

The city ​​council in Nassau consists of 20 council members, who were elected in a personalized proportional representation in the local elections on May 26, 2019 , and the honorary city ​​mayor as chairman. By 2009 the city council had 22 council members.

The distribution of seats in the city council:

choice	SPD	CDU	FWG	GREEN	total
2019	7th	4th	8th	1	20 seats
2014	6th	6th	8th	-	20 seats
2009	7th	5	8th	-	20 seats
2004	8th	8th	6th	-	22 seats

• FWG = FWG Forum in Nassauer Land. e. V.

City Mayor

The city mayor is Manuel Liguori (SPD) , who was directly elected on June 16, 2019 . The decision was made in a runoff election , as none of the original three applicants had achieved a sufficient majority in the direct election on May 26, 2019.

Twin cities

• Pontchâteau , France , since 1975
• Nassau , Bahamas , applied for in 2018

coat of arms

	Blazon : "Divided by blue and silver, at the top a golden, red-armored lion growing at the division, sprinkled with golden shingles, at the bottom inside a silver border decorated with black diamonds."

economy

Mining

In the 19th century, mining near Nassau was a major economic factor.

Established businesses

• The Leifheit AG was founded in 1959 in Nassau, where it has its headquarters.
• MEN - Metallwerk Elisenhütte , a defense industry company founded in 1957

Culture and sights

• Nassau Castle is located south of the Lahn . It is the ancestral seat of the Counts of Nassau and thus the common ancestral seat of the Grand Ducal House of Luxembourg and the Dutch royal house of Orange-Nassau from the House of Nassau.

• Below the Nassau Castle is the Stein castle ruins , the ancestral seat of the Lords from and zum Stein . The castle was abandoned at the beginning of the Thirty Years War and destroyed in 1639.

• On the castle hill is the reconstructed Freiherr-vom-Stein monument, which was inaugurated on June 28, 1953 by the then Federal President Theodor Heuss in the presence of the Prime Minister Peter Altmeier. The original, inaugurated in 1872 by Kaiser Wilhelm I and his wife, Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm, Field Marshal von Moltke and Otto von Bismarck, damaged an aircraft bomb in the two major attacks at the end of World War II. The statue of Freiherr von Stein was made of white Carrara marble and was 2.50 meters high.

• The von und zum Stein family moved from Stein Castle to the former Zehnthof in downtown Nassau, which they expanded into the Steinschen Castle . The Prussian reformer and minister Karl Freiherr vom und zum Stein was born here in 1757 .

• In the immediate vicinity of the Steinschen Castle is the town hall , a three-storey half - timbered building , which was built between 1606 and 1609 as a noble seat for knights from the Stein family. The first resident was a Junker Adam vom Stein , who moved into the building after losing his house as a result of a fire. The Junker was in the service of the Electorate of the Palatinate. His grandson was the last owner until 1701. In 1701 the property fell to his relative Christof Albrecht Friedrich Baron von Adolzheim, a godfather of Freiherr vom Stein. From Adolzheim was Adelsheim . Since then it has been called Adelsheimer Hof . After it had been privately owned by the Dutch merchant Carl Cramer in the first half of the 19th century, the city of Nassau acquired it in 1873 and housed the municipal secondary school on its middle floor. The Adelsheimer Hof has been the town hall since 1911 and was the seat of the Nassau community from 1972 to 2018 . A citizens' office of the Bad Ems-Nassau community has been located there since 2019 .

• On a ridge near Nassau are the remains of the former Heidenpütz Castle, classified as a ground monument .

• Günter-Leifheit-Kulturhaus: Interesting information about the Lahn valley as well as individual advice on excursion offers and leisure activities in the region.

See also : List of cultural monuments in Nassau

Sports

The association TVB Nassau played with the men's table tennis team in the 2nd Bundesliga at the end of the 1980s . Today the athletes are still active in the Regionalliga Südwest. There is also the general sports club TV 1860 Nassau , which includes offers in several directions, such as athletics, gymnastics, gymnastics or preventive sports .

traffic

Nassau has a train station on the Lahntalbahn , where the Lahn-Eifel-Bahn RB23 (Limburg-Diez-Bad Ems-Koblenz-Andernach-Mendig-Mayen Ost) and the Lahntal-Express RE25 (Gießen-Wetzlar-Weilburg-Limburg-Bad Ems -Koblenz Hbf) of the Deutsche Bahn . Since Nassau belongs to the Rhein-Lahn-Kreis, the Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Mosel (VRM) tariff applies .

Personalities

Honorary citizen

• Günter Leifheit (1920–2009), entrepreneur (Leifheit AG)
• Ingeborg Leifheit (* 1921), entrepreneur (Leifheit AG)

sons and daughters of the town

• Simon Moritz Bethmann (1687–1725), Nassau bailiff
• Johann Wilhelm Buderus I (1690–1753), boss of the Friedrichs ironworks, founder of the Buderus iron foundry
• Carl Philipp Freiherr vom Stein zu Nassau (1708–1788), lawyer, councilor of the Imperial Knighthood, Chamberlain of the Electorate of Mainz
• Johann Philipp Bethmann (1715–1793), banker, founder of the banking house Gebrüder Bethmann in Frankfurt
• Johann Jakob Bethmann (1717–1792), merchant and shipowner, Imperial Consul in Bordeaux
• Simon Moritz Bethmann (1721–1782), banker and patron, co-founder of the banking house Gebrüder Bethmann in Frankfurt
• Johann Friedrich Freiherr vom und zum Stein (1749–1799), Prussian colonel and vice chief hunter
• Marianne Freiin vom und zum Stein (1753–1831), abbess of the Protestant noble women's monastery in Wallenstein zu Homberg / Efze
• Heinrich Friedrich Karl Imperial Baron vom and zum Stein (1757–1831), Prussian minister and reformer, honorary citizen of the cities of Frankfurt a. Main and Bremen 1816, adviser to Tsar Alexander I.
• Karl Adolph von Lex (1804–1883), historian, publicist and secret cabinet councilor in the Kingdom of Hanover
• Friedrich Anton Kilp (1822–1872), painter
• Hans Hermann Meyer (1869–1933), historical researcher
• Arnold Rönnebeck (1885–1947), German-American sculptor, lithographer and museum director of the Denver Art Museum
• Helga Robinson-Hammerstein (1938–2018), theologian, author, historian, professor at Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
• Waltraud Becker-Hammerstein (* 1940), writer and historian
• Dorothee Brown (* 1941), artist and co-founder of the Nassau artists 'regulars' table
• Johannes Jörg (* 1941), chief physician at the Department of Neurology and Chairman of the Clinical Ethics Committee at HELIOS Klinikum Wuppertal, author
• Hans-Joachim Stamp (* 1941), lawyer, judicial councilor, Cross of Merit on Ribbon of the Federal Republic of Germany 2011
• Friedrich-Wilhelm Lausberg (* 1942), Professor at the Helmut Schmidt University and University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg
• Wolfgang Franz (* 1944), economist , 1997–2013 President of ZEW
• Margit Sarholz (* 1959), musician, interpreter and producer
• Sven Drühl (* 1968), artist and art scholar
• Kilian Heck (* 1968), professor of art history, art historian

Personalities who worked in Nassau

• Emil Haupt (1819–1866), medical accessist, founder and chief physician of the cold water sanatorium "Bad Nassau"
• Karl Dietrich Buddeberg (1840–1909), botanist and zoologist, director and school inspector of the secondary school founded in Nassau in 1872
• Constantin Fahlberg (1850–1910), chemist and science researcher
• Alexander Freiherr von Falkenhausen (1878–1966), infantry general and resistance fighter in World War II
• Siegfried Martin Winter (1893–1975), German author
• Gerda Dürrbaum (1901–1996), artist
• Karl Ferdinand Sondermann, entrepreneur (WF Kaiser u. Co. GmbH)
• Sybil Countess Schönfeldt (* 1927), journalist and writer, spent her early childhood in Nassau
• Karl-Heinz Schönrock (1930–2019), local politician, local researcher and city mayor (1979–1984)
• Bernhard Fucyman (1941–2015), lecturer in systems analysis and programming languages
• Wulf Kreidel (* 1942), architect, filmmaker, director, producer
• Jasper von Altenbockum (* 1962), journalist, grew up in Nassau and Schorndorf

Literature on Nassau

• Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein: About the appropriate formation of the highest and the provincial finance and police authorities in the Prussian monarchy. Nassau memorandum 1807.
• Karl Dietrich Buddeberg: Yearbooks of the Nassau Association for Natural History.
• Christian Spielmann: History of Nassau . Wiesbaden. Plaum, 1910.
• Hugo Rosenberg: Nassau an der Lahn - portrait of a city . Self-published, 1979.
• City of Nassau (editor): City of Nassau - Origin and Form - History and Stories. Self-published by the City of Nassau, 1997.
• Adolf Bach: The Nassau Castle , self-published by the Nassau History Association, 1998.
• Adolf Bach: The parental home of Freiherr vom Stein , self-published by the Nassau History Association, 1998.
• Waltraud Becker-Hammerstein, Werner Becker: Julius Israel Nassau, Jews in a small rural town in the 19th and 20th centuries. Verlag KH Bock, 2002, ISBN 3-87066-857-1 .
• Meinhard Olbrich: Days of horror in Nassau an der Lahn at the end of the Second World War. Extended and illustrated new edition with reports from contemporary witnesses and American combat reports. Self-published by the Nassau History Association, Nassau 2002.
• Hans Fenske: Freiherr vom Stein, reformer and moralist , WBG-Verlag.
• Rhein-Lahn-Kreis, Heimatjahrbuch 2014.

Nassau in the home yearbook of the Rhein-Lahn-Kreis

• Volume XIV, 1999: Waltraud Becker-Hammerstein, Werner Becker: Israelitische Cultusgemeinde Nassau-Dausenau , pp. 29-40.
• Volume XV, 2000: Yehuda Altmann, Peter Ax, Waltraud Becker-Hammerstein, Werner Becker: Ten Houses - Houses of Jewish Families in Nassau , pp. 84–90 (The Minian of Houses , as Yehuda Altmann called his photo series, is due to the demolition of the house at Grabenstrasse 16.).
• Volume XIX, 2004: Waltraud Becker-Hammerstein, Werner Becker: Return to the language of childhood. Ellen Cohen in Nassau and Bad Ems. Pp. 135-138.
• Volume XXI, 2006: Peter Ax: Nassau, Seilergässchen, 1905. pp. 133–140.
• Volume XXV, 2010: Peter Ax: Nassau's most famous Russian - On the 100th anniversary of Constantin Fahlberg's death . P. 129 f.

Web links

Commons : Nassau  - Collection of Images

Wikisource: Nassau in Merian's Topographia Hassiae  - Sources and full texts

• City of Nassau on the website of the Bad Ems-Nassau Association
• Website of the Nassau municipality with numerous information and events
• Website of Touristik Bad Ems-Nassau e. V. - with information about the Nassauer Land, events, the accommodation directory and leisure activities

Individual evidence

1. ↑ State Statistical Office of Rhineland-Palatinate - population status 2019, districts, communities, association communities ( help on this ).
2. ↑ State Statistical Office Rhineland-Palatinate - regional data
3. ↑ State Statistical Office Rhineland-Palatinate (ed.): Official directory of the municipalities and parts of the municipality. Status: January 2018 ^{[ Version 2020 is available. ]} . S. 43 (PDF; 2.2 MB).
4. ↑ Nassau recalls his days of horror in Wir im Nassauer Land on March 19, 2008
5. ↑ Official municipality directory (= State Statistical Office of Rhineland-Palatinate [Hrsg.]: Statistical volumes . Volume 407 ). Bad Ems February 2016, p. 173 (PDF; 2.8 MB).
6. ^ The Regional Returning Officer Rhineland-Palatinate: Local elections 2019, city and municipal council elections
7. ^ The Regional Returning Officer Rhineland-Palatinate: direct elections 2019. see Bad Ems-Nassau, Verbandsgemeinde, 16th line of results. Retrieved November 3, 2019 . 
8. ^ Map of the mining fields near Nassau, German Mining Museum Bochum, accessed on November 7, 2014
9. ^ Wanderatlas Verlag: Burg Nassau in the Nassauer Land
10. ^ Nassau an der Lahn in the Wanderatlas Germany
11. ↑ DTS magazine , 1988/8 p. 35