Reign of Stein zu Nassau
The rule of Stein zu Nassau was an imperial knighthood territory in the Holy Roman Empire . Their owners were the Freiherren vom Stein .
history
The Stein zu Nassau family was first mentioned in 1158 . According to other information, there were already around 948 members of the family. They had the castle rock beneath the Nassau Castle in what is now the city of Nassau by the Counts of Nassau to fief . The castle served to protect the count's castle. Since 1234 the family called themselves vom Stein after their castle. Over time, they built up their own little territory. The Lords of Stein already had sovereignty over the village of Schweighausen before 1361 . From 1427 this became a fiefdom of Nassau. The Lords of the Stone, however, retained sovereignty and the manorial estate. By Emperor Friedrich III. at the time of Philipp vom Stein (d. 1476), bailiff of Nassau, the sex was raised to the status of imperial baron. In 1613 the barons of Nassau-Diez and Nassau-Saarbrücken acquired the town of Frücht . To the rule belonged goods in a total of 50 places. The property comprised a total of 2,400 Nassau acres . The property was so extensive that the family was one of the most important of the Rhenish knighthood. In 1621 the barons moved their seat from the old castle, which later fell into disrepair, to the city of Nassau in their old tithe courtyard. This building was expanded into a castle. The Lords of the Stone were Imperial Knights. They belonged to the canton of Middle Rhine in the Rhenish knight circle . The area did not belong to an imperial circle. The last owner was the statesman Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein .
Mediatization
Due to the rules of Reichsdeputationshauptschluss 1803 which took place media coverage of domination. On January 4, 1804, the villages of Nassau were occupied. Von Stein protested this emphatically, and under pressure from Emperor Franz II the occupation had to be lifted first (see also Rittersturm ). The Nassau-Usingisches Minister Ernst Franz Ludwig Marschall von Bieberstein sought a negotiated solution with the influential Prussian reformer, but this did not come about at first.
With the establishment of the Rhine Confederation and the end of the HRR , Prussia and the newly formed Duchy of Nassau found each other on different sides. With the ownership patent dated September 8, 1806, the lordship became part of the Duchy of Nassau. As a registrar , von Stein retained the civil jurisdiction of the first instance as a patrimonial court . Stein's Justitiarius Wieler noticed this for him. The copies should be signed with "Freyherrliches vom Steinsches Unterherrliches Amt zu Frücht und Schweighausen". Otherwise, Frücht was assigned to the Braubach Office , Schweighausen to the Nassau Office .
The foreign policy situation fueled the conflict between Nassau and vom Stein. With a French army order of December 16, 1808, it was ordered to confiscate the goods from Steins in Nassau, as the latter was an enemy of France and the Confederation of the Rhine. On January 5, 1809, the Nassau authorities implemented the order. After the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig , the foreign policy situation had changed. On November 13, 1813, the confiscation was lifted and on January 12, 1814 negotiations began between the government of the Duchy of Nassau and vom Stein.
As a result, vom Stein renounced in a recess of 9/11. June 1814 on the patrimonial jurisdiction, forest jurisdiction and local police authority (which was exercised by the Nassau officials since 1809). He kept the possessions under private law and transferred the supervision of his private forest to the Nassau chief forester. For giving up his sovereign rights, he received generous compensation that was even higher than the value calculations made by Stein's own pension company.
After the formation of the German Confederation , personal and political conflicts arose again between vom Stein and the Nassau government. In letters of April 26 and July 12, 1817, he demanded the sovereign rights that had been given up in 1814 from the Nassau government and referred to the German Federal Act . In a letter dated November 28, 1817, Government Director Möller rejected these claims, citing the agreement of 1814. In a letter dated December 14, 1817, von Stein submitted a complaint to the Federal Assembly . However, there was no change to the regulations made in 1814.
With the death of Karl vom und zum Stein on June 29, 1831, the von Stein family died out. His daughter Henriette Louise, married to Hermann von Giech, became the heir to the (private) estates in the former rule .
The area of the former rule fell to Prussia in 1866 and was assigned to Rhineland-Palatinate after World War II .
See also
literature
- Gerhard Köbler : Historical lexicon of the German countries. The German territories from the Middle Ages to the present. 4th, completely revised edition. CH Beck, Munich 1992, ISBN 3-406-35865-9 , p. 602.
- Ernst Heinrich Kneschke: New general German nobility lexicon. Vol. 8. Leipzig, 1868 p. 621 f.
- Harry Münzing: The mediatization of the former imperial noblemen and imperial knights in the Duchy of Nassau. Diss., 1980, pp. 118-119, 167