Composite construction
Composite construction is a type of construction in which spatially separated cross-sections made of at least two different materials are positively connected to one another by connecting means at a composite joint.
The " composite " can also refer to other different building materials or materials, but composite construction generally means steel composite construction consisting of reinforced concrete and steel . Mention should also be made of composite wood construction , in which the wooden beams are connected to a concrete ceiling by special steel nails or perforated and glued-in steel sheets, as well as composite textile construction, also known as membrane construction, in which the textile fabric is held by rod structures or z. B. be stabilized by air.
Steel composite construction
In steel composite construction, the steel profiles are connected to the reinforced concrete parts in the composite joint using headed dowels or other steel elements in order to achieve a joint load-bearing effect. Both building materials are optimally used because the steel is ideally suited for taking on tensile forces and the concrete for transferring compressive forces. The composite construction is therefore very economical and structurally advantageous in comparison with pure steel or concrete structures. Even with reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete , concrete and steel are connected to one another, but in these cases the steel inserts are to be regarded as reinforcement (reinforcement) of the concrete.
The composite construction for buildings of the applied construction , industrial and bridge construction for support , supports and ceilings . The cross-section of these components is put together from the individual cross-sectional parts either during construction or in advance.
features
The advantages of steel composite construction compared to concrete structures are:
- slimmer constructions with larger spans
- Prefabrication possible (shorter construction time)
- lower dead weight
and compared to pure steel structures:
- cheaper
- increased fire resistance
- increased sound insulation
- greater heat storage capacity
Norms and standards
- Eurocode 4 - composite construction
- DIN 18800-5 - steel structures, composite structures made of steel and concrete, dimensioning and construction
literature
- Eberhard Pelke , Karl-Eugen Kurrer : For the development history of the steel composite construction , steel construction , volume 85, issue 11, 2016, pp 764-780