Hamburg city park

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Overview map
City park lake and festival meadow
View from the planetarium

The city park Hamburg is a 148 hectare large public park in the district Winterhude in Hamburg-Nord in Hamburg . The park, which opened in 1914, is an important example of the change in German gardening and landscaping from a Volksgarten to a Volkspark.

history

Emergence

During the industrialization in the 19th century, Hamburg had grown rapidly and many green spaces within the city had been built on. Therefore, in 1901, the Senate and the City Council decided to compensate for the purchase of the so-called Sierichschen wood and adjacent areas and their expansion into a city park. A senate commission was set up and a public design competition was held in 1908, but this did not result in a concept that could be approved. In January 1909, the chief engineer Ferdinand Sperber presented two projects on behalf of the Senate, which - based on the results of the competition - represented a scenic-picturesque and a strictly geometric variant. In June 1909, Professor Fritz Schumacher was appointed head of the structural engineering department and in January 1910 a draft jointly developed by Schumacher and Sperber was presented to the citizens. The park opened four years later, but it took another fourteen years to complete. From 1918 onwards, the gardening and landscaping work was largely in the hands of Hamburg's first horticultural director, Otto Linne .

Conversion during World War II

Conversion of the Stadtparkwiese.
Hamburger Stadtpark, Hamburg, Südring 38: Notice board on forced labor camp around the Hamburger Stadtpark

During the Second World War , at least three flak positions with directional searchlights were built in the city park. Around and in the city park there were several barracks camps for forced laborers who were deployed in the surrounding companies. Most of the buildings in the city park (including the city hall) were destroyed by bomb attacks. In the harsh post-war winters, trees were felled and some of the wood was burned. Nissen huts were made available for bombed-out residents, and self-caterers occasionally grew vegetables in the park.

Design after the Second World War

After the war there was emergency accommodation on the festival grounds until 1952. Some areas of the city park were redesigned, the riding and park streets were dismantled, and the destroyed buildings were not rebuilt. Until the park maintenance work for the city park was passed in 1995, which contains guidelines for the maintenance and development of the park, essentially only maintenance measures were carried out. With the park maintenance work, historical axes and references were gradually restored. a. the elm edging of the large festival meadow. In 2001 the Stadtparkverein eV was founded to maintain and develop the park

Components of the city park

Sierichsches wood

The Sierichsche wood was the private forest of Adolph Sierich and was sold to the city by his heirs in 1901. It covers 35 hectares, most of which are planted with slow-growing oak trees that need light. The Sierich tree was the basis for the city park. It is located around the planetarium to the west of the former Hindenburgstrasse (since 2013 Otto-Wels-Strasse ), which runs through the city park from south to north. In 2008, 300 trees (maple, late blooming bird cherry) were felled in this area. 1000 oaks, beeches, elms and linden trees were replanted to replace them.

Buildings

The Sierich forest house was built in 1885 for the game warden by Adolph Sierich.

The Sierichsche Forsthaus from 1885 is a listed building and is located at Otto-Wels-Straße 3. It is the seat of the Stadtpark Verein Hamburg eV and information and communication center.

The buildings designed by Schumacher are made of brick. The original structural structure suffered greatly from the effects of the bombing in World War II. Schumacher had closed the east-west main axis with a large town hall in the east, which formed the main entrance. The building, only completed in 1924, had a three-part hall structure, to which the buildings of the city baths connected to the south.

Despite the bombing, some brick buildings were preserved: the drinking hall Otto-Wels-Straße / corner of Südring and the Landhaus Walter on Otto-Wels-Straße between Südring and Jahnring. The pump room, in which healing water was originally served, has been rededicated as a café since 2013.

The western bank of the Stadtparksee had a six-meter-high cascade structure, which architecturally captured the height difference between the lawn and the lake. The structure was demolished in 1952 and is only partially preserved.

Landmark: planetarium

At the western end of the east-west axis is the water tower built between 1912 and 1915 under Fritz Schumacher based on a design by Oskar Menzel (see water tower Hamburg-Winterhude ), which was converted into the Hamburg Planetarium in 1930 .

Works of art

The location of the sculptures in the Hamburg city park is indicated by blue dots on the overview map

The former director of the Hamburger Kunsthalle , Alfred Lichtwark , campaigned for art in the city park. He wanted to make sculptures accessible to a wider public. The list of sculptures in the city park by the environmental authority includes 23 works of art (as of 2019). Three of them were purchased after the Second World War.

Among them are the children's wading pool, the replica of abstract sculpture "Gargoyles" (popularly: mythical animal) of the outlawed sculptor Richard Haizmann that in 1930 the playground Humboldt Street was erected in Barmbek, in the exhibition " Degenerate Art " was shown and melted it.

The beginning of the axis from Hindenburgstrasse to Stadtparksee is flanked by a limestone sculpture of a bent woman on the left and right. This complete work from 1927 by Georg Kolbe is called “Bathing Women (Couple)” and was commissioned by the founder Henry Budge from 1926 to 1927.

On the edge of the penguin fountain are the penguins from 1912 by August Gaul.

Works of art that no longer exist have a dark background.

f1Georeferencing Map with all the coordinates of the Artworks section : OSM

photo Surname Artist year Description, location
Ludwig Wilhelm Wichmann: Lying dog Lying dog Ludwig Wilhelm Wichmann 1864 Bronze; Grave decoration of the elder Johann Martens in the former St. Nikolai cemetery at Dammtor ; moved to the city park after the cemetery was closed in the 1930s; originally stood at a playground
( 53 ° 35 ′ 38 ″ N, 10 ° 1 ′ 2 ″ E )
Georg Wrba: Diana on the hind Diana on the doe Georg Wrba 1910 Bronze
( 53 ° 35 ′ 38 ″ N, 10 ° 1 ′ 47 ″ E )
Arthur Bock: Diana with dogs Diana with dogs Arthur Bock 1911 Bronze
( 53 ° 35 ′ 36 ″ N, 10 ° 0 ′ 47 ″ E )
Hugo Lederer: Heinrich Heine Heinrich Heine Hugo Lederer 1913 Bronze; Installed in the city park in 1926; Torn down by the National Socialists in 1933 and later melted down to extract metal for the armaments industry; since 1982 as a new creation by Waldemar Otto on the Rathausmarkt
Elena Luksch-Makowsky: the fate of women Fate of women (replica) Elena Luksch-Makowsky 1911 Stone; Acquired as a second copy by the Stadtpark-Verein in 1913; delivered only in 1919 because of the First World War ; 1919–1926 temporarily stored in the Hamburger Kunsthalle ; Pushed from the base in 1982 and then transferred to the art gallery; Replica from 2019
( 53 ° 35 ′ 36 ″ N, 10 ° 1 ′ 48 ″ E )
August Gaul: Penguins (at the penguin fountain) Penguins (replica) August Gaul 1912 Bronze; six solitary animals; Part of the penguin fountain completed in 1925
( 53 ° 35 ′ 42 ″ N, 10 ° 1 ′ 43 ″ E )
Bowl Bowl Hugo Lederer 1912 Muschelkalk, donated to the Stadtpark in 1930 by George Simon
( 53 ° 35 ′ 55 ″ N, 10 ° 1 ′ 17 ″ E )
Georg Wrba: Centaurs Triton and Nereid (Triton) Centaurs Triton and Nereid (Triton) Georg Wrba 1912 Bronze; until the 1930s at the harbor entrance of the Stadtcafé; then moved to their current location
( 53 ° 35 ′ 36 ″ N, 10 ° 1 ′ 38 ″ E )
Georg Wrba: Centaurs Triton and Nereid (Nereid) Centaurs Triton and Nereid (Nereid) Georg Wrba 1912 Bronze; until the 1930s at the harbor entrance of the Stadtcafé; then moved to their current location
( 53 ° 35 ′ 32 ″ N, 10 ° 1 ′ 35 ″ E )
Wilhelm Rex: boy with two ducks Boy with two ducks Wilhelm Rex 1916 Stein
( 53 ° 35 ′ 39 ″ N, 10 ° 0 ′ 55 ″ E )
Oscar E. Ulmer: Boy with Fish Boy with fish Oscar E. Ulmer 1925 Bronze; stolen in the 1970s; later found again, stored and set up again in 2002. The boy is standing on the globe.
( 53 ° 35 ′ 45 ″ N, 10 ° 1 ′ 33 ″ E )
Reinhold Begas: The bathers The bather Reinhold Begas 1926 Bronze; Original in the Hamburger Kunsthalle
( 53 ° 35 ′ 49 ″ N, 10 ° 1 ′ 28 ″ E )
Georg Kolbe: Woman bathing (southern figure) Woman bathing (southern figure) Georg Kolbe 1927 Shell limestone; two figures at the top of the fairground. Gift from Emma Budge to the city of Hamburg on the occasion of the 85th birthday of her husband Henry Budge
( 53 ° 35 ′ 44 ″ N, 10 ° 0 ′ 54 ″ E )
Georg Kolbe: Woman bathing (right figure) Woman bathing (northern figure) Georg Kolbe 1927 Shell limestone; two figures at the upper end of the fairground
( 53 ° 35 ′ 45 ″ N, 10 ° 0 ′ 55 ″ E )
Hans Martin Ruwoldt: Lying panther Lying panther Hans Martin Ruwoldt 1927 Shell limestone
( 53 ° 35 ′ 45 ″ N, 10 ° 1 ′ 52 ″ E )
P. Waetke: Child with deer, left figure Child with deer (left figure) P. Waetke 1927 Shell limestone; two figures flanking the landing site on the Liebesinsel in the Stadtparksee
( 53 ° 35 ′ 31 ″ N, 10 ° 1 ′ 29 ″ E )
P. Waetke: Child with deer, right figure Child with deer (right figure) P. Waetke 1927 Shell limestone; two figures flanking the landing site on the Liebesinsel in the Stadtparksee
( 53 ° 35 ′ 31 ″ N, 10 ° 1 ′ 28 ″ E )
The deer Richard Kuöhl 1928 Ceramics; destroyed in World War II
Richard Haizmann: Gargoyles Gargoyle or mythical beast (replica) Richard Haizmann 1930 Bronze; until 1937 at a playground on Humboldtstrasse ( Hamburg-Barmbek-Süd ); destroyed by the National Socialists ; Replica from 1994
( 53 ° 35 ′ 50 ″ N, 10 ° 1 ′ 18 ″ E )
Albert Wöbcke: Female Nude Female nude Albert Wöbcke 1930 Marble
( 53 ° 35 ′ 37 ″ N, 10 ° 0 ′ 55 ″ E )
Oscar E. Ulmer: Adam and Eve (Adam) Adam and Eve (Adam) Oscar E. Ulmer 1933 Marble on a brick base
( 53 ° 35 ′ 42 ″ N, 10 ° 1 ′ 45 ″ E )
Oscar E. Ulmer: Adam and Eve (Eva) Adam and Eve (Eve) Oscar E. Ulmer 1933 Marble on a brick base
( 53 ° 35 ′ 42 ″ N, 10 ° 1 ′ 46 ″ E )
Karl sacrifice man: sea lion Sea lion Karl sacrifice man 1934 Stone; to 1953 in un planet Blomen , then in transforming the international horticultural exhibition offset
( 53 ° 35 '49 "N, 10 ° 1' 23" O )
Karl August Ohrt: Dancing Girls Dancing girls Karl August Ohrt 1935 Shell limestone
( 53 ° 35 ′ 41 ″ N, 10 ° 1 ′ 40 ″ E )
Ludwig Kunstmann: polar bear Icebear Ludwig Kunstmann 1935 Stone. The bear originally (1935) stood by the Planten un Blomen water basin .
( 53 ° 35 ′ 34 ″ N, 10 ° 1 ′ 45 ″ E )
Hans Martin Ruwoldt: polar bear Icebear Hans Martin Ruwoldt 1935 Sandstone
( 53 ° 35 ′ 31 ″ N, 10 ° 1 ′ 18 ″ E )
Martin Irwahn: pigeons Pigeons Martin Irwahn 1950 Shell limestone
( 53 ° 35 ′ 43 ″ N, 10 ° 1 ′ 41 ″ E )
Hans Peter Feddersen: Crouching monkey Crouching monkey Hans Peter Feddersen 1955 Stein
( 53 ° 35 ′ 43 ″ N, 10 ° 1 ′ 34 ″ E )
Harald Worreschk: Cloud vortex Cloud vortex Harald Worreschk 1970 Stein
( 53 ° 35 ′ 37 ″ N, 10 ° 1 ′ 41 ″ E )

Paths through the city park

The Stadtpark can be reached via the subway stations Borgweg (Stadtpark) and Saarlandstraße of the U 3 and the S-Bahn station Alte Wöhr (Stadtpark) of the S 1 by public transport. There are buses on the northern edge of the park and on Otto-Wels-Straße.

From Saarlandstrasse to the planetarium

This east-west connection along the central line of sight begins at the model boat pond on the Südring near the Saarlandstraße subway station. It leads north past the Stadtparksee, touching the north side of the festival meadow. After crossing Otto-Wels-Straße, the path leads directly to the planetarium and ends there. The subsequent separate fenced-in area of ​​the Jahnkampfbahn is only accessible from the Linnéring.

Pilgrimage

Garden side of the pump room in Hamburg's city park
O'Swaldscher Pavilion on Südring / corner of Otto-Wels-Straße

The pilgrimage trail begins at the Café Trinkhalle at the southern end of Otto-Wels-Straße near the Borgweg subway station. It runs clockwise over 5.7 kilometers, first across the Sierichsche wood to the planetarium, then parallel to the Jahnring to the duck pond. Then he circles the eastern part of the city park to the city park lake. From there it runs south of the Stadtparksee and south of the festival meadow. It ends at the O'Swald pavilion south of Landhaus Walter.

Tree trail

Information board for the tree nature trail, beginning on Spielwiesenweg (Südring opposite the Wiesenstieg)

The tree nature trail begins on Spielwiesenweg (Südring opposite the Wiesenstieg), leads north around the children's paddling pool, goes to Otto-Wels-Straße and leads over the duck pond back to the Südring. Along the way, reference is made to the tree species growing there, from alder to cherry.

Recreational use

Penguin fountain

Nature and gardens

The woods, bushes and embankments are home to a large number of native and immigrated animal and plant species. Special features of the 110 bird species observed are goshawks , sparrowhawks , long-eared owls , wood warblers , summer golden-chickens and crested tits . Some squirrels are native to the northeastern part . Rhododendrons were purchased for the city park in the post-war period by a rhododendron breeder in the Ammerland in Lower Saxony when he had to switch to growing vegetables due to the famine.

Otto Linne created the rose garden on the northern bank of the Stadtparksee and the perennial garden south of the Walter country house as special gardens . Other gardens are: the Heidegarten Hindenburgstrasse / corner of Jahnring and the Rondellgarten on Südring / corner of Spielwiesenweg.

Ponds and biotopes (duck ponds) are located on Ententeichweg / corner of Platanenallee. The duck ponds are spanned by a wooden bridge and give ducks and dragonflies a place of refuge.

The penguin fountain is walled in a ring shape and framed by beeches. The Eva and Adam garden with the two marble sculptures by Oscar Ulmer by the penguin fountain and the Diana garden north of the swimming pool with the sculpture Diana on the doe by Georg Wrba are bordered by hedges.

The Garden of the Senses is located on an area of ​​one hectare between Landhausweg and Festwiese. A path leads through. The garden is accessible to everyone. Disabled people should smell, hear and feel nature. The path is passable for wheelchair users and can be felt by the side of the boundaries for the visually impaired.

Playgrounds and arcades

Jahnkampfbahn, view from the viewing platform of the planetarium
Bridge to the island of love

In the city park there is an athletics stadium ( Jahnkampfbahn ), eight other sports fields, five playgrounds, two areas for beach volleyball, a paddling pool for children with an adjacent playground. The Stadtparksee is bordered by an outdoor pool, there is air and sunbathing, a barbecue area, a few meadows and meadow areas for playing and camping, and two large chess games. The Hamburg Planetarium and several restaurants offer food and entertainment in the city park.

On the outdoor stage several times a year open-air concerts.

A beer garden is located directly at the Stadtparksee outdoor pool.

The paddling pool for children is located in the middle of the city park. It's 30 to 40 centimeters deep, 3,000 square meters in size. The water is kept clean by inlet nozzles and drains. A wide footpath and a lime tree ring run around the paddling pool, and benches have been installed. There is a sand playground and play equipment by the paddling pool.

The model boat basin on the Südring east of the Stadtparksee has a diameter of 40 meters and is 70 centimeters deep at the deepest point. Here remote-controlled motor-driven model boats of various types of ships are maneuvered by fans of model building. The pool was built in 1960 on the site of the former town hall, renewed in 2007 and has 1250 square meters of water.

Boats are rented on the Love Island on the edge of the Stadtparksee. Access to Love Island is via a brick bridge designed by Fritz Schumacher in 1914 . The Stadtparksee is directly connected to the Goldbek Canal .

Leisure use of the festival meadow

The 15 hectare festival meadow is designed as a leisure area for everyone to play. It was designed as an "open-air people's house" (Fritz Schumacher). Loose groups play soccer and frisbee.

Three rock music concerts have already been held on the festival meadow:

Waypoints

Hamburg City Park: Peace stele 100 meters south of the planetarium
Hamburg city park: stone labyrinth. Between the large festival meadow and the Landhausweg

A peace stele with the vertical inscription “May peace be on earth” is located south of the planetarium. A labyrinth consisting of a spiral of paths delimited by stones is laid out behind the mini golf course on the southern edge of the playground.

Crossing by bike

In 2005, the Senate and the citizenship argued about whether cycling, which has been banned in all Hamburg's green spaces since 1957, should at least be allowed on the main paths in the city park. Due to construction work near the Outer Alster , bicycle traffic was diverted through the Alsterpark, so that the Hamburg law had to be changed.

Kite flying

There was also discussion about allowing paper kites to be launched in the future. Both had been tolerated for years, but since 2004 occasional warnings have been given for them. In 2005, kites were allowed to fly under certain conditions: Line length up to a maximum of 50 m, weight less than 1 kg, no metal on the kite, as confirmed in a small request from a member of the Senate. The limitation to a maximum line length makes perfect sense, as the direct approach lane for Hamburg-Fuhlsbüttel Airport sometimes runs directly above the city park. Due to the short distance to the airport, the planes only have a low altitude here.

Regular events

Every year in September, the Hamburg city park races for vintage cars take place on two days .

Exhibitions

  • June 13, 2014–23. February 2015: Park Pioneers. 100 years Hamburg City Park. Hamburg Museum .

literature

sorted by year of publication

  • Alfred Lichtwark : The problem of the Hamburg city park. (= Yearbook of the Society of Hamburg Art Friends , Volume 14.) Lütcke & Wulff, Hamburg 1908.
  • Michael Goecke: The Hamburg city park as a garden monument. Preparation and planning of the Hamburg city park . In: Die Gartenkunst 3 (2/1991), pp. 235–245.
  • Environmental authority Hamburg, specialist office for urban green and recreation (ed.): The Hamburg city park. 3rd edition, Hamburg 2001 (leaflet with a list of the sculptures)
  • Lars Quadejacob: There is no future without a past. From the current change in the city park. In: Architektur in Hamburg , Yearbook 2007. June us, Hamburg 2007, pp. 142–147.
  • Heino Grunert (Ed.): Entrance desired. Hundred years of Hamburg city park . Dölling and Galitz, Munich and Hamburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-86218-064-6 .
  • Garden art  27 (1/2015):
    • Heidi Gemar-Schneider, Heidemarie Hermann: Volksparkidee and Stadtpark Hamburg. Expert panel: Stadtpark future workshop - background and perspectives of the participation process . Pp. 202-204.
    • Heino Grunert: 100 Years Hamburg City Park - Groundbreaking Park Planning for a Sustainable City , pp. 15–36.
    • Frank Peter Hesse: Stadtpark, Volkspark and much more: The preservation of monuments in the public green , p. 59–76
    • Klaus Hoppe: Hamburg's green turns 100 , pp. 7-14
    • Alan Tate: The Impact of Parks in North America on Hamburg Stadtpark , pp. 139–150.
    • Hartmut Troll: The Significance of Max Laeuger's Competition Entry for the Hamburg City Park in the Light of the Form-Finding of Early Modernism , pp. 37–50.

Web links

Commons : Hamburger Stadtpark  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b 1914: Hamburg gets a park for the people , NDR.de, July 1, 2014
  2. ↑ Christina Busse: Dark past becomes a little brighter. In: "Hamburger Wochenblatt", February 21, 2018, p. 1.
  3. ^ Holger Hollmann: Leisure time in the park idyll. In: Hamburger Wochenblatt of July 17, 2014, p. 2
  4. ↑ https://hamburg-history.info/ulmen-alleen-im-stadtpark/
  5. ↑ Holger Hollmann: Countdown for the park anniversary. In: Hamburger Wochenblatt of June 26, 2013, p. 3.
  6. ↑ Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, District Office North (client): Planetarium in the city park. Feasibility study to secure the site. Hamburg, September 2006, p. 6: Aerial photo from 1930. Accessed on February 24, 2014.
  7. ^ Website of the Stadtparkverein in Hamburg's Stadtpark
  8. ^ Heino Grunert, «A people's park in Hamburg. The Hamburg City Park as an Object of Garden Monument Preservation », PDF file (8 pages), in: kunsttexte.de, No. 2, 2002, accessed March 19, 2010
  9. ↑ The Hindenburgstrasse was renamed Otto-Wels-Strasse.
  10. ↑ Friederike Ulrich: A park full of favorite places. In: Hamburger Abendblatt, June 3, 2014, p. 9.
  11. ↑ Information board of the Stadtpark Verein Hamburg eV
  12. ↑ Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, District Office North (client): Planetarium in the city park. Feasibility study to secure the site. Hamburg, September 2006. Accessed February 24, 2014 ..
  13. ^ Foundation Historical Museums Hamburg, Hamburg Museum: Park Pioneers. 100 years Hamburg City Park. Leaflet 2015.
  14. ↑ Holger Hollmann: Graceful Art in the Green. In: Hamburger Wochenblatt of August 22, 2013, p. 5
  15. ↑ Athina Chadzis: The painter and sculptor Elena Luksch-Makowsky (1878–1967), biography and work description (PDF; 57.0 MB) , dissertation Universität Hamburg 2000, pp. 210–215, 345
  16. ↑ Source: State and University Library Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, Fritz Schumacher estate, N. Sch. XXI: 946.
  17. ↑ Figure Das Reh (Kuöhl) from 1930 ( memento of the original from September 2, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hamburg-stadtpark.de
  18. ↑ Matthias Schmoock: "Hamburg will be amazed". In: Hamburger Abendblatt from June 13, 2015, magazine Gestern & heute, p. 22.
  19. ^ Edgar S. Hasse: Pilgrimage through the city park. In: Hamburger Abendblatt of July 5, 2014, p. 9.
  20. ↑ Evangelical parishes in the city park, pilgrim center St. Jacobi Hamburg (ed.): Rauswege. Pilgrimage in the city park. Hamburg, 2014. (Pilgrim stations, route plan and description)
  21. ↑ Get out. Pilgrimage in the city park
  22. ↑ Tree nature trail on stadtparkhamburg.de
  23. ↑ Signpost through the Hamburg city park. Print by Gebr. Sülter, Hamburg.>
  24. ↑ Holger Hollmann: Green Paradise in the City. In: Hamburger Wochenblatt of July 31, 2013, p. 7.
  25. ↑ Friederike Ulrich: A park full of favorite places. In: Hamburger Abendblatt, June 3, 2014, p. 9.
  26. ↑ Friederike Ulrich: A park full of favorite places. In: Hamburger Abendblatt, June 3, 2014, p. 9.
  27. ↑ Holger Hollmann: First excavator, then flowers. In: Hamburger Wochenblatt, April 9, 2014, p. 2.
  28. ↑ Stadtpark: The “Garden of the Senses” is getting bigger. In: Hamburger Wochenblatt of March 26, 2014, p. 5.
  29. ↑ Where the SPD likes to go swimming. In: Hamburger Wochenblatt of July 2, 2014, p. 1
  30. ↑ Irene Jung: Hamburg's pleasure garden of democracy. In: Hamburger Abendblatt of June 21, 2014, p. 20.
  31. ↑ Christina Busse: Leisure captains in their element. In: Hamburger Wochenblatt, June 3, 2020, p. 3.
  32. ^ Foundation Historical Museums Hamburg, Hamburg Museum: Park Pioneers. 100 years Hamburg City Park. Leaflet 2015.
  33. ^ Holger Hollmann: Leisure time in the park idyll. In: Hamburger Wochenblatt, July 18, 2013, p. 2
  34. ^ NDR: Hamburg at that time: David Bowie's city park concert. September 7, 2014, accessed September 11, 2017 .
  35. ↑ Evangelical parishes in the city park, pilgrim center St. Jacobi Hamburg (ed.): Rauswege. Pilgrimage in the city park. Hamburg, 2014. Chapter 3 “Dare to Peace” and Chapter 20 “Winding Paths”.
  36. ↑ Citizenship printed matter on the homepage of MP Jan Quast (PDF; 16 kB)

Coordinates: 53 ° 35 ′ 43 ″  N , 10 ° 0 ′ 59 ″  E