Narendra Modi

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Narendra Modi (2019)

Narendra Damodardas Modi ( Gujarati નરેન્દ્ર દામોદરદાસ મોદી Narendra Dāmodardās Modī ; born September 17, 1950 in Vadnagar , Gujrat ) is an Indian politician of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and has been Prime Minister of India since May 2014 . Before that, he was Chief Minister of the State of Gujarat from 2001 to 2014 .

biography

Narendra Modi was born in Vadnagar in the Mahesana (Mehsana) district. He was the third of six children from a grocer and a tea stall owner; as a teenager he would later run a tea stand himself with his brother in Ahmedabad . Modi got engaged at the age of 13 but broke up with his family early. He studied Political Science at Gujarat University and has a Masters degree.

Since 1971 he was engaged in the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and in 1985 he joined the Bharatiya Janata Party. In 1988 he became general secretary of the BJP in Gujarat. He was involved in the political rise of the party in the 1990s. In 2001, when Gujarat was suffering from the consequences of previous natural disasters such as the strong earthquake in January that year , he succeeded the resigned Keshubhai Patel Chief Minister of Gujarat . He presented himself as a pro-Hindu leader and propagated Hindutva ideals. Modi modernized the administration of the state and there was new growth in his reign.

In the December 2002 election he was confirmed in office as Chief Minister. Within three years, India Today magazine recognized him as the best Chief Minister of India twice for his economic and administrative achievements. He was considered a promising top candidate of his party in the elections to the Indian parliament .

In December 2007, Modi and the BJP won the election in Gujarat state again, as did in December 2012.

In the national parliamentary election of 2014 , Modi won an absolute majority as the top candidate of the BJP. On May 26, 2014, he was sworn in as the new Indian Prime Minister.

politics

Narendra Modi (2nd from right) with the heads of state of the other BRICS countries at the G20 summit in Osaka 2019

Economic policy

Modi pursues a classically conservative and economically liberal policy. The bureaucracy traditionally widespread in India was deregulated and tax reforms were carried out in order to strengthen the domestic economy and attract foreign investors. Modernization is to be promoted under the slogans "Make in India" and "Digital India". An overnight devaluation of the 500 and 1000 rupee notes caused protests in 2016 .

Social and environmental policy

Under Modi, India suffered extensive cuts in the welfare state. State health care, pensions and funds for the Ministry of the Environment have been cut and environmental protection requirements have been relaxed. On the other hand, the government started a program called Swachh Bharat Abhiyan , for example clean India , which provides for the nationwide expansion of a sewage and fresh water supply.

Foreign and Defense Policy

In terms of foreign policy, relations with the countries of the Middle East including Israel were deepened. India signed a border treaty around the Indian-Bangladeshi enclaves and joined the Shanghai Cooperation Organization . The already tense relations with neighboring Pakistan deteriorated again. Modi repeatedly referred to Pakistan as an exporter of terrorism. In 2016 and 2019, India launched air strikes on terrorist camps on Pakistani territory in response to terrorist attacks.

Controversy over the 2002 Gujarat riot

After an attack on a train carrying Hindu pilgrims in Gujarat in February 2002 , violent clashes broke out between Hindus and Muslims, in which, according to official estimates, 254 Hindus and 790 Muslims were killed. Independent sources put the death toll among Muslims at over 2,000. Around 150,000 Muslims were herded into refugee camps. Numerous women and children were among the victims; the violence included mass rape and mutilation of women.

The authorities imposed a curfew in Gujarat, gave the police orders to shoot and called on the army to prevent the violence from escalating. Nevertheless, human rights organizations accused Modi's government of having done too little to counter the riots. Modi initially resigned; However, his party was able to expand its majority in the Gujarati parliament in the new elections and re-elected him as Chief Minister.

In 2005, Modi was denied an entry visa by the United States because of his “responsibility for serious violations of religious freedom”. The Indian government protested against this. Even five years after the violence, Modi refused to look at his own role critically. He broke off a 2007 CNN interview asking him questions about the matter.

In April 2009 the Supreme Court set up a Special Investigation Team (SIT) to investigate the role of Narendra Modi and his government in the rioting. SIT reported to the court in December 2010 that no material incriminating evidence was found against Modi, nor was there any indictable evidence that Modi deliberately permitted the violence. In April 2012, SIT acquitted Modi of legally relevant guilt for the Gulbarg massacre during the 2002 Gujarat riot.

Private

Modi maintains an ascetic lifestyle. He eats a vegetarian diet , does not consume tobacco or alcohol , writes poetry and is considered computer savvy. For a long time he showed himself to be unmarried in public. It was not until the 2014 election campaign that he admitted to having a wife. Following the revelation, Narendra Modi's brother Sombhai stated that the arranged marriage was entered into in their youth and that the marriage was never consummated. The couple have been separated for many decades. Modi's wife Jashodaben has appeared in public since then and emphasizes her role as a traditional Hindu wife.

literature

Web links

Commons : Narendra Modi  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Narendra Modi . In: Internationales Biographisches Archiv 34/2013 from August 20, 2013, supplemented by news from MA-Journal up to week 14/2014 (accessed via Munzinger Online ).
  2. ^ Modi, Narendra (India). In: Fischer Weltalmanach . June 8, 2014, accessed June 8, 2014 .
  3. ^ Face of Discord, India Today Cover Story, April 29, 2002
  4. ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7158037.stm
  5. ↑ Modi scores a hat-trick in Gujarat, BJP loses HP to Congress. In: The Times of India , December 20, 2012
  6. ↑ A handshake that arouses hope. In: tagesschau.de . May 26, 2014, archived from the original on May 27, 2014 ; Retrieved May 26, 2014 .
  7. ↑ a b c Ruparelia, Sanjay (2015). "Minimum Government, Maximum Governance: The Restructuring of Power in Modi's India". Journal of South Asian Studies. 38 (4): 755-775. doi: 10.1080 / 00856401.2015.1089974 .
  8. ↑ " get longer at banks, ATMs on weekend ". The Hindu. November 12, 2016. Retrieved February 17, 2017.
  9. ↑ Ellen Barry; Salman Masood (September 29, 2016). " Claims 'Surgical Strikes' in Pakistani-Controlled Kashmir ". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 2, 2016. Retrieved October 1, 2016.
  10. ↑ At least 57 people burned in a train robbery. In: FAZ , February 27, 2002
    bbc report (engl.)
  11. ↑ Dexter Filkins: Blood and Soil in Narendra Modi's India. In: The New Yorker. December 9, 2019, accessed February 3, 2020 .
  12. ^ Curfew imposed in 26 cities. In: The Hindu. March 1, 2002, accessed April 17, 2014 .
  13. ^ Army too helpless as violence mounts. In: The Economic Times. March 1, 2002, accessed April 17, 2014 .
  14. ↑ We have no orders to save you
  15. ↑ modes resigns; seeks assembly dissolution. In: the hindu business line , July 20, 2002 (English)
  16. ^ India condemns US decision . BBC announcement
  17. ↑ Quizzed on riots, Modi walks out. In: Telegraph of India , October 21, 2007 (English)
  18. ↑ Somini Sengupta: Shadows of Violence Cling to Indian Politician. In: The New York Times. April 28, 2009, archived from the original on August 30, 2012 ; Retrieved May 12, 2013 .
  19. ^ Dhananjay Mahapatra: SIT clears Narendra Modi of willfully allowing post-Godhra riots. In: The Times of India. December 3, 2010, accessed April 17, 2014 .
  20. ↑ It's official: Modi gets clean chit in Gulberg massacre . In: The Pioneer , April 10, 2012. Archived from the original on April 12, 2012. 
  21. ↑ Gujarat riots: Teesta Setalvad's plea for SIT report rejected. In: CNN-IBN. July 16, 2012, accessed April 13, 2013 .
  22. ↑ Revealed: Why Narendra Modi walked out of his marriage with Jashodaben. In: indiatoday.in . April 10, 2014, accessed May 23, 2019 .
  23. ↑ "He's Ram For Me": PM's Wife Rebuts Anandiben Patel On Marital Status. In: NDTV.com . June 21, 2018, accessed May 23, 2019 .
personal data
SURNAME Modi, Narendra
ALTERNATIVE NAMES મોદી, નરેંદ્ર દામોદરદાસ; Modi, Narendra Damodardas (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Indian Bharatiya Janata Party politician and Prime Minister
DATE OF BIRTH 17th September 1950
PLACE OF BIRTH Vadnagar , Gujarat