Karolinenviertel
The Karolinenviertel (often also called “Karoviertel” for short) is a quarter in the Hamburg district of St. Pauli and, from an administrative point of view, forms the district 108 of the Hamburg-Mitte district . In addition to the actual Karolinenviertel to the east of subway line 3 (between the Feldstrasse and Sternschanze stops ), the district also includes areas to the west between Sternstrasse, Schanzenstrasse and Lagerstrasse. The Karolinenviertel is bordered to the north and east by the exhibition grounds , to the south by the Heiligengeistfeld and to the west by the slaughterhouse , which separates it from the Schanzenviertel , which it resembles in some respects. The eastern part of the district is a good 0.2 km 2 , the western part just under 0.1 km 2 .
Infrastructure, population development
The Karolinenviertel was for a long time an impoverished quarter, the development of which mainly dates from the founding period . There have been approaches to gentrification since the 1990s , but there has been resistance from parts of the population, including the use of force. As part of a cautious urban renewal that has been carried out for many years, a multicultural mixture of immigrants, locals, fashion and design shops and “scene shops” has now set up in the former “poor quarter” .
Market street
Marktstrasse is unofficially regarded as the “main street” of the quarter. It got its current name probably in 1841 as the street leading to the New Horse Market to the west . Between this and the neighboring Feldstrasse to the south were the streets “Bei der Ölmühle” (today only “Ölmühle”) and “Mathildenstrasse”, as well as the “Glashüttenstrasse” that crossed Marktstrasse.
Due to the expansion of the slaughterhouse, the course of the street changed in the 1890s, as part of it was added to the slaughterhouse site. The confluence was relocated from Neuen Kamp to Feldstrasse by paving the unpaved "Müllergang" to the mill on the Heiligengeistfeld as a new part of Marktstrasse, which has since then turned diagonally from Feldstrasse to Carolinenstrasse (spelling at the time).
In the middle of the 19th century it was a rather spacious street with wide sidewalks and bourgeois front houses, which at that time replaced the first suburban garden houses. The small-scale and winding arrangement of the streets around Marktstrasse is still reminiscent of the rapid and largely unplanned reconstruction of the northern “suburb of Hamburger Berg” from 1815 onwards .
Behind the rather spacious front buildings there were often rear buildings and rows of terraces with very cramped living conditions, including the so-called row of stalls in Marktstrasse 7-9. These living conditions are reflected in a description that paints a rather derogatory picture of Marktstrasse in the middle of the 19th century: “North of the holy Geistfelde - (...) on which the butchers now graze some mutton - live in Marktstrasse and its surroundings in unsightly houses mostly craftsmen, carters, factory workers and the like. "
Today, Marktstrasse is known beyond Hamburg for its numerous second-hand, clothing, design and fashion shops as well as a tattoo studio known from a popular television series , which mainly attract a young scene audience, especially on weekends. Many of the businesses that have been based in the Karolinenviertel for decades, especially those from the butcher industry, have long since moved away or had to close completely.
Hamburg fair and urban redevelopment
The exhibition halls east of Karolinenstrasse - like the “ Planten un Blomen ” park - were built on the areas of the former Dammtor cemeteries , which had been largely cleared in the 1930s . The locations of the old exhibition halls still follow the chessboard-like network of cemeteries on St. Petersburger Strasse (previously: Jungiusstrasse). However, they hardly meet the requirements of a modern trade fair, so that all the old halls are demolished and replaced with new ones in the course of the ongoing expansion of the exhibition grounds and the construction of the "New Hamburg Exhibition Center".
In Hamburg's post-war history, there were also repeated considerations to demolish the quarter completely in order to expand the adjacent area of the “Hamburg-Messe” or to build a large sports and event hall. A large part of the eastern Karoviertel between Glashüttenstrasse and Karolinenstrasse was to fall victim to this multi-purpose hall (in neighborhood jargon: “multi-purpose trap”). It followed on from plans to build a monumental hall on the Heiligengeistfeld , which had already been promoted in the 1920s and especially during the Nazi regime.
The most monstrous plan of those years proposed a "Hall of 100,000" (for 100,000 seats or 180,000 standing places), which should be towered over by a 500 m high "Reichskraftturm". This project was discussed and further developed from 1933 to 1942 in the course of the “Führerstadt Hamburg” plans, but was never implemented due to the war. Even after 1945 the hall plans were not off the table for a long time and lived on until the 1970s. At the beginning of the 1980s, they experienced a renaissance in the form of much-discussed and heavily controversial new proposals for a multi-purpose hall (“sports dome”) on the Heiligengeistfeld.
As a prerequisite for expanding the trade fair or building the congress hall , the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg has acquired real estate and real estate in the Karolinenviertel since the 1950s. The management of numerous tenement houses was transferred to the municipal housing company "Freie Stadt", which later became part of the state housing company SAGA . The housing stock was only maintained very moderately - sometimes for decades - and practically not modernized, as demolition was still threatened. Many of the long-established residents and also numerous businesses moved away from the quarter and other tenants with lower demands on the equipment and maintenance of the - mostly very inexpensive - apartments moved in.
There were two main groups: migrant workers, mostly from southern and southeastern Europe, from Turkey and the Mediterranean countries, and younger people, mostly students and schoolchildren, who did not want or could not pay expensive rents. In both groups, the housing management and town planners believed that they would only stay in the neighborhood for a few years and offer little resistance to moving or restructuring.
The experiences in the course of the preparatory investigations in the 1970s and the ongoing modernization and restructuring were then different, so that most of the demolitions could not be enforced.
The expansion of the fairgrounds done it since 2004 on the surfaces of the discontinued goods and Autoverladebahnhofs Hamburg-Sternschanze , the former thermal power station "Karoline" the HEW (on the map of 1880: premises of the Zollverein defeat ) and part of the building of Deutsche Telekom and the Radio tower company at the foot of the Heinrich Hertz Tower . This expansion and an almost complete renovation of the old exhibition grounds east of Karolinenstrasse continued until 2008. The newly designed exhibition halls on both sides of Karolinenstrasse - which has mutated into the “Messe Boulevard” - stand with their 14 to 22 meter high halls and house-high glass facades in a very clear contrast to the predominantly Wilhelminian style house fronts of the district.
- see also: Hamburg Messe und Congress
Immediately adjacent urban areas
The character of the Karolinenviertel as an almost “village” area in the immediate vicinity of the “Central Business District” (CBD) of the inner city is based not least on the urban structures that separate the residential area from neighboring residential areas. The “ Planten un Blomen ” park (with the ramparts), the exhibition grounds and the Heiligengeistfeld combine to form a spacious dividing zone between the city center and the western urban expansion areas.
The former only direct access from the city through the "Holstenthor", built in 1859 , has been replaced by the well-fortified buildings of the so-called Justice Forum on Sievekingplatz since the last third of the 19th century . They consist of the criminal justice building in the style of the German Renaissance (1879–82) with the buildings of the Hamburg remand prison to the north (new building, 1927–29; built according to plans by Fritz Schumacher ), the civil justice building (1897–1903) and the Hanseatic Higher Regional Court in Hamburg (1907–12) with the Kaiser Wilhelm monument moved into the neighborhood .
The separation is completed in the west and north by the buildings and enclosing walls of the meat wholesale market in Hamburg (formerly: Schlachthof Hamburg ) and the newly built multi-storey car park at Hamburg Messe.
The name of the quarter
The name Karolinenviertel, which is commonly used today, has only been used for a few decades for the northern part of St. Pauli. It was named after the Karolinenstrasse, which runs between the quarter and the neighboring exhibition grounds to the east, and which is probably named after the name of a former “patron” of the suburb. (Formerly it was written with a "C", as can still be seen from the inscriptions at the eastern entrance to the "Carolinenpassage".)
In contrast, the terms “Schlachthofviertel”, “Nord-St. Pauli ”or even earlier“ Before the Holstent (h) or ”common. Only with the new survival perspective for the quarter through the redevelopment of inner-city old building areas - which gradually got underway from the end of the 1960s - this new name for identifying the quarter seems to have gradually gained acceptance.
history
Meadows, fountains and foreland
Development in the area of today's Karolinenviertel probably began at the beginning of the 17th century, after the new Hamburg ramparts had just been completed. To protect the ramparts and the upstream development , the free-standing star-shaped bastion “ Sternschanze ” was built in 1682 on the “Heimichhuder Heidberg”, an ice age sand dune in the northwest in front of the ramparts .
Early maps and survey plans from the 18th century show ponds and pipes in the north of today's Karolinenviertel, according to which there were evidently springs and streams whose water could easily be channeled into the city from the higher ramparts. This use formed one of the first "services" of the suburb for the core city within the ramparts, as a result, the Sternschanzen water tower was built here in 1907 . Other services followed, such as B. waste disposal.
The "cemeteries in front of the dam gate"
In the years 1712/13 Hamburg was hit for the last time by a large plague epidemic, which caused a large number of deaths. In 1713 the situation in the city had become so precarious that the Christian and Jewish dead had to be buried together in a mass grave in front of the city. This place was near today's Tiergartenstrasse (south of the connecting railway between the Dammtor and the Sternschanzenbahnhof) and was known for a long time as the “Pesthügel”.
This plague cemetery also formed the origin of the " Kirchhöfe vor dem Dammt (h) or ", newly established at the end of the 18th century , which ended the practice of burials in and near inner-city churches. The new understanding of the age of the Enlightenment about hygienic conditions for burials and new epidemic laws led to the fact that from 1794 first the burial places of the parishes of St. Petri, St. Nikolai and the monastery church of St. Johannis in the city center, and later also the cemeteries of St. Katharinen ( 1797 ), St. Michaelis ( 1799 ), the monastery church of the St. Maria Magdalenen Monastery ( 1805 ), from St. Gertruden and St. Pauli west of the city in front of the ramparts were combined. Their use for burials was gradually discontinued between 1879 and 1899 after the opening of the new Ohlsdorf main cemetery .
According to § 9 of the funeral regulations of September 27, 1882 , burials on the "burial grounds in front of the Dammthor, in Eppendorf and in Hamm" were generally only allowed to be in family hereditary graves for a maximum of 15 years until December 31, 1895 (from January 1, 1880 ) occur. In individual cases, burials in tombs and mausoleums could still be carried out after this point in time with special permission. With a special permit, family members should be allowed to be buried in hereditary graves for another ten years. After that, a 25-year rest period should be granted from the final closure of the cemeteries, during which, however, the "gradual abolition of the burial places" should already be carried out.
Regarding the tombstones and buildings, it says in this context: "The monuments and buildings on the burial grounds ... become public property at the end of the rest period."
The preparations for the construction of the new “Central Cemetery Ohlsdorf” were made by the “Senate and Citizenship Commission for the Relocation of Burial Places” . In 1894 almost all of the old Lutheran cemeteries were administered by the cemetery deputation and were finally closed for funerals in 1904 .
The old cemeteries in the ramparts east of the Karolinenviertel developed into a spacious and idyllic park landscape in the following decades, which was visited by many visitors because of the historical gravestones and mausoleums. Nevertheless, from the mid-1930s they had to give way to the new gardens of the “Great Low German Garden Exhibition Planten und Blomen” and the new exhibition grounds.
The history of this place came to light again and again in the following decades during construction work. For example, on the occasion of the International Horticultural Exhibition 1953 ( IGA '53 ), at the instigation of the landscape architect Karl Plomin, numerous of the gravestones and fragments of the earlier buildings found underground were blown up. During the construction of a new event hall for the Congress Centrum Hamburg (CCH) and the construction work to expand the Hamburg Messe, since 2004 remains of the earlier burials have repeatedly come to light, which were buried in collective graves in the cemeteries in Ohlsdorf and Öjendorf.
Destruction and reconstruction after the "French era"
Like the rest of the St. Pauli (then called " Hamburger Berg " hereinafter) and other areas "before the walls" was the area now Karolinenviertel in winter 1813 /14 of the "Demolirung" as it is called in contemporary writings, by the French occupation forces Marshal Davôuts victim.
After the destruction of the earliest buildings in 1686 , carried out by the Hamburg Dragoons in the fight against the attacking troops of King Christian V of Denmark , this was the second, but by no means the last, profound transformation of the quarter by destroying the buildings and subsequent reconstruction.
This began immediately after the withdrawal of the French troops on May 30, 1814 in the form of garden and country houses along Karolinenstrasse and Marktstrasse. There are hardly any buildings left from the time of the reconstruction of the suburb, because the original garden district in the northern part of the Hamburger Berg was especially damaged during the housing shortage after the great fire in 1842 and especially after the gate lock and the blocking money were lifted (December 31, 1860 ) extremely densely built in the early days. Many buildings from the first layers of construction had to give way to this development, or they were heavily modified by adding storeys or additions and extensions.
“Boom phases” of suburban development
After the closure of the gate, there was a significant increase in building density and rapid growth in height, which in the 1860s and 1870s was hardly slowed down by the restrictive protective regulations of a uniform building code, so that both on the block edges and in the interior areas Very tall, closely spaced buildings - some of them considerable depth - were built.
At the same time, the North St. Pauli through the system of the Holstentor (had in 1859 (now Schanzenstraße)), the continuous attachment of the field road, the extension of the New Rose Street and the construction of the Hamburg-Altona link line ( 1866 /67) get significantly better transport links . This, together with the introduction of the freedom of trade ( 1865 ), ensured the establishment of numerous smaller and larger commercial and industrial companies, so that in the first decade after the lifting of the gate lock from 1861 - and thus before the beginning of the so-called "founding years" (from 1871 73 /) - were discontinued in numerous older buildings or rebuilt and reinforced.
This development accelerated even more through the economic prosperity of the founding period in the last third of the 19th century. Numerous other residential and commercial buildings were built in close proximity to one another, so that storage, commercial and factory buildings can still be found in many areas of the Karolinenviertel behind the multi-storey buildings from the decades between 1870 and 1900 . Most of the residential terraces and passages that lead through the blocks also date from this era. An example of the church building of the Wilhelminian era can be found in the neo-Romanesque Gnadenkirche , consecrated in 1907 . Today it is consecrated as the Russian Orthodox Church to Saint John of Kronstadt .
The Art Nouveau as the final architectural period before the First World War , however, has left only a few, but sometimes all the more impressive tracks. Above all, here is the in the years 2003 to call / 04 completely renovated bourgeois house floor in the market street 114th
The "Karoline" power plant
On the angled Grabenstrasse (formerly the eastern part of Kampstrasse, today's "Flora-Neumann-Strasse") in Karolinenstrasse, the coal-fired power plant "Karoline" was built at the end of the 19th century. It was the first power plant in 1894 founded the Hamburg Electricitäts-Werke , was 1,894 / 95, after designs by the engineer and architect Albert Winkler , an important representative of the " Hannoversche school , built" in Hamburg and Altona and machinery of the Nuremberg company & Schuckert Co. fitted.
In the 1930s to 60s in particular, the rear part of the power plant was renewed and expanded many times, which initially primarily supplied the operating power for the Hamburg and Altona trams and later made a significant contribution to the district heating supply in Hamburg for decades.
After the technically outdated and highly polluting power plant was shut down in 1988 , the three chimneys and the coal conveyor belts coming from the Sternschanzenbahnhof were demolished and the HEW converted the location into a control center for the district heating supply. There was already interest on the part of the trade fair company in the areas of the coal bunker that were freed up by the abandonment of the power plant operation, which in the meantime - as well as the steam storage facility - have been removed, and the still existing boiler house. The boiler house with its historic machines also had to give way completely to the expansion of the Hamburg Messe site in 2002/03.
In contrast, the neo-Gothic brick building of the former administration building on Karolinenstrasse, which was renovated in the 1990s to meet the requirements of listed buildings, was well preserved, although the southern part of the building was also partially demolished to create a breakthrough for the now diverted Lagerstrasse .
From a technical-historical point of view, the machine hall and the boiler house , which were renewed in 1958 , represented a unique ensemble, which - despite the advocacy of the monument protection office - was unsuccessful. Only the fragmentary remainder of the administration building in neo-Gothic style, completed in 1896 , still exists as a monument. It is now - literally - under the roof of a new exhibition hall, but is still not a formally protected cultural monument.
The slaughterhouse and the neighboring residential terraces
The slaughterhouse separates the quarter from the neighboring Schanzenviertel . For the history of the slaughterhouse, see Hamburg slaughterhouse
The term terrace is used here differently from its usual usage and goes back to the English term "terraced houses" for narrow street with row houses. In Hamburg, similar to the related term passage , it originally referred to private roads for closed small apartment complexes that branched off from public roads. Later it was generally used for residential backyards, which were initially created in the course of the Wilhelminian city expansion in the ring of suburbs in front of the ramparts. For this purpose, elongated garden plots, which stretched behind many of the more representative front buildings, were built on with one or two rows of houses. This former form of living for the Hamburg workforce can still be recognized today by the independent, closed interior block development, which is generally located on both sides of the road or footpaths branching off at right angles from the street. Dead ends are usually referred to as terraces, whereas connections between two streets are generally referred to as passages. Starting from the suburbs, they soon emerged in all urban expansion areas of the 19th century to meet the heavy housing needs of the workers who poured into the city as industrialization progressed. Its form was determined by the Hamburg Building Police Act of 1865 (replaced in 1882 , amended in 1893 ). Among other things, this stipulated that the height of the terrace buildings had to be lower than that of the front buildings. In addition, a certain distance from these had to be maintained and the minimum height and width of the doorways was also prescribed to enable the fire brigade to access the courtyards. (The fact that police officers - in Hamburg slightly disparagingly called " Udels " - and also the "vigilantes" of the political police were thus able to better view the workers' living quarters was probably a welcome side effect.) Since 1882 , living in basement apartments was no longer permitted, so that In the 1880s, numerous terrace houses without a basement were built.
The first terrace complex in which ideas of social housing were implemented is not far from the Karolinenviertel in Wohlwillstraße. There was in 1866 as a "model residential complex" to "solve the workers' housing problem" in co-operation between the -70 Patriotic Society of 1765 and the construction company in 1866 built the hunters passage.
This system followed in the decades before the First World War many more, some of which are surprisingly intricately designed, such as the houses on either side of Beck Road, the 1,898 were / built 99th One of the last plants from this era is the Holstengarten . It forms a chronological and typological conclusion to the terrace development of the suburbs and is characterized by the clear separation between front buildings and terrace rows, a fenced garden strip in the middle of the terrace, structured facades and small balconies for the apartments.
After the high density of the residential terraces had been regarded as an “urban development deficiency” for decades, they experienced a renaissance as popular residential areas with the urban redevelopment since the late 1970s. On the one hand, the gradual improvement of living and environmental conditions (lower residential density by smaller families, replacement of coal stoves by less polluting heaters) on the one hand certainly contributed to this, on the other hand also the ever increasing city traffic, which suddenly made quiet "backyard" locations attractive again. With the so-called Laue-Passage in the north-west of the Karolinenviertel - between Schanzenstrasse and Sternstrasse - this design was then taken up again in the new building. This passage, built in the late 1990s, is one of the first new passages in the area of the Wilhelminian city expansion areas, which, with the former area of the Hermann Laue spice factory (brand name HE-LA), is converting an industrial area into a residential area. Similar conversions have since taken place in other inner-city quarters of Hamburg.
Construction trailer space "Bambule"
A construction trailer park in the Karolinenviertel was named "Bambule" . Until he was evacuated by the police on November 4, 2002, he was immediately south of the meat wholesale market on Vorwerkstrasse. In addition to the site for construction trailers, the quiet side street, which continued in a cul-de-sac in the adjoining Laeiszstrasse, offered residents of construction trailers and caravans a place to stay for almost ten years.
Housing projects and building communities
Since the 1980s, the Karolinenviertel has developed into a preferred location for residential projects and building communities. These include in the eastern part of the quarter:
- the “Bahnhofstrasse” residential project at Marktstrasse 107, in which, in contrast to many later projects, there are no fully enclosed residential units, but rather numerous communal areas, which are also common in student residences. The project won a fifty-year leasehold for the building.
- the “Karolina” project in Karolinenstrasse, in which a group of single women has come together.
- the “Wilde Mathilde” project in Mathildenstrasse, the most striking external feature of which is the technically complex architectural design of the roof zone for the common room on the top floor.
- the cooperative project “Markthof” in Marktstrasse on Ölmühlenplatz, in which not only apartments but also shops have been created, so that the classic Wilhelminian style zoning with apartments above the commercial operations on the lower and ground floor was taken up again.
- A building community on the Ölmühlenpark is very close by
In addition, there is the “Take 2” project in the western part, for which former squatters converted a building complex that was previously used for commercial purposes into apartments.
Mention should also be made of the Vorwerkstift residential and studio house, which was created under the aegis of the Patriotic Society from a former widow's (or formerly apprentice) residential estate of the Hamburg shipping company Vorwerk and offers artists inexpensive living, working and exhibition spaces.
The preference given to the Karolinenviertel by residential projects is only partly based on a social or political preference of its residents for the quarter. Another reason is the decade-long neglect of the area through politics and planning, which had contributed to the poor state of preservation of many houses and considerable vacancy. In this way, entire houses could be given to groups for renovation who wanted to generate their share of the costs through their own work. Other groups took advantage of the fact that in the Karolinenviertel, even decades after the Second World War, there were rubble plots or undeveloped "bomb holes" on the block edges to place their new buildings there. Both vacancies and fallow land had a speculative background for decades, as both the public sector and private owners expected growing profits from new uses or future urban redevelopment, which then got under way in the 1980s (see also the list of squatting in Hamburg ).
For the duration of this redevelopment, there is a certain protection against excessive property prices through state control mechanisms. However, this ends at the end of the procedure, so that considerable planning gains can often be made afterwards.
politics
In the 2004 state elections , GRÜNE / GAL received 46.9% of the votes with a turnout of 54.4%.
Timetable
| 1633 | Construction of the oil mill north of the Heiligengeistfeld and mention of a windmill on the northern edge of the Heiligengeistfeld. |
| 1690 | Establishment of the Rumbaum School on the initiative of Hieronymus Pasmann (1641–1716) and the widow Helene Rumbaum at today's Flora-Neumann-Straße 5 |
| 17th to 19th centuries | The rubbish of the Neustadt is brought to the "Gassenkummerplatz" (in today's Karolinenviertel in the area of Laeiszstrasse and Vorwerkstrasse). |
| 1686 | Siege of Hamburg and occupation of St. Pauli for 5 days by troops of the Danish King Christian V .; Defense of the Danish attack on Sternschanze; Destruction of the oil mill (near today's Ölmühlenplatz in the Karolinenviertel), the newly built St. Pauli Church and the oil distilleries on the banks of the Elbe. |
| 1711 | The area of the Heiligengeistfeld is left to the bone cutter office for an annual lease "forever" as pasture for their slaughtered cattle. |
| 1712-14 | Plague epidemic with approx. 10,000 deaths, d. H. approx. 17% of the total population. The burial of the dead takes place in mass graves, u. a. the "Pesthügel" west of the ramparts in the area of "Planten un Blomen" near today's Tiergartenstrasse. |
| 1761 | Establishment of a glassworks by the entrepreneur Brunnemann (or: Brunemann) in the area where today's Marktstrasse joins Karolinenstrasse (closed around 1800). |
| March 1806 | Steintor and Millerntor - just like the St. Mary's Cathedral , which was demolished in 1804-06 - were sold for demolition and the Sternschanze was razed. |
| Nov 19, 1806 | Occupation of the city by the troops of Emperor Napoleon I of France and thus the beginning of the " French era " (until 1814); many companies and trading houses switch to the neighboring Danish Altona. |
| 1810-14 | Hamburg is the capital of the French Département des Bouches de l'Elbe . |
| March 3, 1813 | Several alleged ringleaders of the brief uprising against the French occupation forces and the unrest of the last week of February 1813 were shot dead on the Heiligengeistfeld. |
| from December 25, 1813 to January 5, 1814 | The burning down of St. Pauli on the orders of the French city commander Marshall Davôut not only destroyed numerous residential buildings, but also the St. Pauli Church, the hospital as well as the shipyards and distilleries and the hemp store on the banks of the Elbe. |
| May 30, 1814 | Final withdrawal of the French occupation forces. Hamburg is facing economic ruin - also because of the continental blockade. |
| from 1818/20 | After the final demolition of the ramparts, the reconstruction of the destroyed suburbs accelerates. In St. Pauli he is initially concentrating on the area around the St. Pauli Church and the Reeperbahnen as well as the northern area along Marktstrasse. |
| Oct 18, 1821 | Inauguration of the new Millerntor as access to the city for travelers and goods, for whose import it also formed the customs post. |
| from 1821 | In the area of the old ramparts near the dam gate, the construction of a botanical garden will begin, which will later become the core area of the " Planten un Blomen " landscape park . |
| Oct. 22, 1830 | After the sovereign rights of the spiritual institutions - u. a. of the Hospital of the Holy Spirit - the sovereignty of the suburbs, including the "Vorstadt Hamburger Berg" (under the administration of a councilor) as the 8th tax district, is formed. "Hereditary Citizens", d. H. From this point on, landowners (with a corresponding minimum income) in the suburbs can take the Hamburg citizen oath and become a member of the citizenship. |
| Nov 6, 1833 | The former rulership of Hamburger Berg is renamed “Vorstadt St. Pauli” in the suburbs by the “Publicandum des Rathes” and transformed into a so-called “Patronage” (until 1875). Shortly afterwards, the paving of the streets and the numbering of the houses began, and public street lighting was also introduced in the suburbs. |
| May 5-8, 1842 | The " Great Hamburg Fire " destroyed considerable parts of the old town and made tens of thousands of people homeless. |
| since mid-1842 | The influx of fire victims to St. Pauli (including the area around Spielbudenplatz and today's Karolinenviertel) led to a population explosion, a building boom and the first urban planning measures. Local landowners are very concerned about the drop in property prices. |
| approx. 1844/45 | Erection of the row of stalls as "auxiliary apartments" for fire victims in Marktstr. 7-9. |
| from 1857 | Because of the increasing population density, the establishment of a sewer system, including the Geeststammsiel to St. Pauli, according to plans by the English engineer William Lindley is being advanced; A branch runs through the Karolinenviertel under Marktstrasse. |
| 1859 | A constitutional reform in Hamburg u. a. a "Hamburg nationality" introduced. - The opening of the "Holstenthores" and the expansion of the Feldstrasse (until 1862) create a new connection to the "Neuer Kamp" and Altona. At the same time, continuous development is being built on the north side of Feldstrasse (across from Heiligengeistfeld). |
| from Jan. 1, 1861 | After the end of the gate lock, Millerntor and Nobistor are from now on - like all other Hamburg city gates - open continuously. The lifting of the gate lock and with it the nightly “blocking money” leads to a strongly accelerated densification of the suburban development. |
| 1861/62 | Establishment of a state zoological garden in the north-western area of the former ramparts north of the "Kirchhöfe vor dem Dammthore" (south of today's Tiergartenstraße). |
| 1863 | Organization of an "International Agriculture Exhibition" on the Heiligengeistfeld . |
| from 1863/64 | Construction of the first building of the " Central-Schlachthof " and the cattle market in St. Pauli-Nord; Numerous slaughterhouse-related, often highly polluting operations (e.g. cattle shops, soap factories, casing processing operations, tanneries, steam melting mills for fats, lard refineries, etc.) settle in their vicinity. |
| Nov 7, 1864 | Adoption of the law introducing freedom of trade and thus (from January 1, 1865) the final dissolution of the traditional guilds as well as the repeal of the old citizens' oath through the "Law on Citizenship and Citizenship" |
| 1866 | With the construction of the connecting line between the Berlin train station at Klostertor and the Altona train station, the cattle market on the Sternschanze will also have a rail link. (The original station building has been preserved to this day and is a listed building.) |
| 1869 | As part of an official border regulation, the new border between St. Pauli and Eimsbüttel is set in the north. With the defeat of the Zollverein, a new main customs office was built between the connecting railway and the Schlachthofviertel . |
| 1871 | In the year of the founding of the (2nd) German Empire , St. Pauli was given the status of a suburb through the new rural community order - together with 15 other “rural communities and living spaces” close to the city. |
| after 1871 | On the Heiligengeistfeld there are regular military parades on the occasion of the "Sedanstag", d H. for the annual celebration of the victory over France in the war of 1870/71 . |
| 1876 | After the patronage administration was abolished, St. Pauli was incorporated into the municipal administrative structures. |
| 1880 | Opening of the battle panorama near the Millerntor on the Heiligengeistfeld; Numerous showmen also begin to move the stalls and shops of the annual Christmas market (" Hamburger Dom ") from Spielbudenplatz to Heiligengeistfeld, where the "Dom" takes place exclusively from 1893. |
| 1880-88 | The construction of the customs connection buildings of the Speicherstadt on Wandrahm, Holländischem Brook and Kehrwieder as "Zollausland" resulted in the displacement of the resident population (more than 20,000 people) and a great demand for inexpensive living space in suburbs and urban expansion areas. |
| 1886-97 | Installation of numerous new tram lines through St. Pauli to Altona, Eimsbüttel and Rotherbaum; since 1894 electrification and power supply with the help of the new power plant on Karolinenstrasse. |
| 1892 | Last major cholera epidemic in Hamburg with almost 10,000 deaths, especially in the gangways of the old and new towns and the densely populated workers' quarters in the suburbs and urban expansion areas. Reconstruction of the Rumbaum School building, which was first built in 1690 on the site of Flora-Neumann-Straße 5 , one of the students there was Carl von Ossietzky . |
| June 22, 1894 | The "Vorstadt St. Pauli" is officially incorporated as a district and with it the legal and administrative equality or the union with the old core city - consisting of the old and new town - and other parts of the city with the same civil rights for all residents. |
| 1906-15 | After a resolution passed by the Senate in 1904, the first Hamburg elevated railway network was built between 1906 and 1915 . The connecting ring line (including the Feldstrasse and Millerntor stations ) was completed and put into operation in 1912. |
| 1907 | Extension of the "Central-Schlachthof" by a large pig slaughterhouse south of Lagerstraße. |
| 1907 | Consecration of the parish church for North-St. Pauli newly built church of grace; it remains a branch church of the St. Pauli Church until 1947. |
| 1911-13 | Construction of the new cattle slaughterhouse on the extension site of the slaughterhouse between Kampstrasse and Neuem Kamp as a replacement for the central slaughterhouse built in 1892; This construction and the establishment of the Ringbahnlinie make it necessary to demolish numerous older buildings and relocate the western part of Marktstrasse, which leads to protests from residents of the surrounding area. |
| 1914-18 | First World War |
| 1933-45 | The National Socialist tyranny led to the persecution and expulsion of numerous Hamburg residents. In the 1930s in particular, new, sometimes monumental, urban and “redevelopment” plans were developed. |
| 1934 | Submission of a report prepared under the direction of the Hamburg sociologist Andreas Walther on "public redevelopment areas", uninhabitable apartments and quarters in need of renovation on the basis of a social cadastre of so-called "publicly harmful regions" (including St. Pauli-Nord). |
| 1935 | Opening of the "Great North German Garden Show Planten un Blomen" on areas of the former church yards between Rentzelstrasse and the Old Botanical Garden at Dammtor train station. |
| Jan. 26, 1937 | Signing of the Greater Hamburg Law for the implementation of the unification of Hamburg with its Prussian neighboring cities Altona, Harburg-Wilhelmsburg and Wandsbek and the incorporation of numerous surrounding communities by the Prussian Prime Minister Hermann Göring . |
| April 1, 1937 | The Greater Hamburg Act enters into force. |
| April 1, 1938 | The Greater Hamburg Act, other subsequent laws and implementing provisions take full effect. The now so-called “Hanseatic City of Hamburg” will become a unified municipality with a new internal administrative division. As a result, St. Pauli loses its old settlement core at the St. Pauli Church in Altona and instead has larger areas around the Große and Kleine Freiheit as well as on the shoulder blade . |
| 1939-45 | During the Second World War, St. Pauli retains its function as an entertainment district, whose offers are intended to “strengthen morale and fighting spirit”. However, there is also resistance, both on a symbolic level (e.g. through the “Swing Youth”) and on a concrete political level, including fights between right and left groups in the Schanzenviertel and Altona. |
| 1941-45 | There are numerous destruction by bombing raids on St. Pauli, but not extensive destruction as in the areas of the " firestorm ". |
| 1942 | The construction of the bunker (“ Flakturm 1 ”) on Feldstrasse and the “fire control tower” - which was demolished in the 1970s - on what was then Eimsbütteler Strasse (today: Budapester Strasse) took only ten months to complete, even with a large number of them Forced laborers. |
| May 11, 1951 | The official announcement of the Senate about the new zoning of the city does not reverse the boundary changes between St. Pauli and Altona in 1938 . |
| 1953 | The first "International Horticultural Exhibition" IGA '53 takes place on the grounds of " Planten un Blomen "; others followed in 1963 and 1973. |
| from 1953 | Beginning of the establishment of the exhibition grounds and first projects for the construction of a sports and congress hall, etc. a. in the area of the neighboring Karolinenviertel, which was regarded as a "reserve area". |
| 1964-68 | Construction of the television tower ( Heinrich-Hertz-Turm ) on Rentzelstrasse at the former location of the "Hotel Central". |
| 1970-73 | Establishment of the CCH - “ Congress Centrum Hamburg ” (with conference center and hotel) - in a core area of the Old Botanical Garden . |
| 1983 | Commissioning a working group of SAGA - as the most important apartment owner in the Karolinenviertel - and an expert office with "preparatory investigations according to § 4 Urban Development Act" in the Karolinenviertel. |
| 1987-94 | After acquiring the terrace ensemble in Laeiszstr. 18 / Marktstr. 95 (so-called “LAMA houses”) in the Karolinenviertel by a speculator - legally “recognized” as such - the residents are expelled. After several occupations and police evictions, the houses are demolished. |
| April 26, 1988 | Senate resolution on the formal definition of the redevelopment area "St. Pauli-Nord / Karolinenviertel ". |
| 1989 | Official establishment of the “Stadterneuerungs- und Stadtentwicklungsgesellschaft Hamburg mbH” (STEG) and the start of numerous renovation measures that were completed in the course of 2013. |
| May 1, 1992 | Completion of the first house completely renovated by the STEG urban development company in Marktstrasse 125a. |
| August 1992 | First edition of the quarterly information leaflet “Sanierungsblatt Karolinenviertel of the Stadterneuerungs- und Stadtentwicklungsgesellschaft Hamburg mbH (STEG) for the redevelopment area St. Pauli-Nord S 3 (Karolinenviertel)”. |
| February 1993 | Installation of four site trailers on a plot of land south of Vorwerkstrasse for the temporary accommodation of residents from the “Bahnhofstrasse” residential project currently under construction in Marktstrasse. 107. |
| December 1993 | Relocation of the "Roma Club Negotin Krajina" eV from Glashüttenstrasse 99 to new rooms at Marktstrasse 24. |
| May 1994 | After the failure of the creation of a green area on the former southern slaughterhouse site, residents block the access to the parking lot between Marktstrasse and Ölmühle and demand the construction of a district park. |
| 1994-1996 | Construction of the new hotel building in Feldstrasse 53-58 for the "ASTRON" group (today: "NH-Hoteles") according to plans by the architects Kiwitter & Ludwig, Saarbrücken (after the demolition of the remains of the former cleaning bath "Wilhelmsbad", built in 1891). |
| August 3, 1996 | Inauguration of the new district park on Ölmühlenplatz with a party under the motto “Green Oasis Ölmühlenplatz - Ghetto Soundclash”. |
| Winter 1996/97 | After lengthy negotiations, a commercial building on Ludwigstrasse is purchased by the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, given to the administration of the Schanze eG cooperative and made available to the “Nimm 2” residential project group for conversion and future residential use. |
| 1996-1998 | Conversion of the old cattle slaughterhouse (Neuer Kamp 35) on the former southern slaughterhouse site to a location for gastronomy and events, social institutions and companies in the start-up phase (so-called existence founder floor - EGE; later: "ETAGE 21"). |
| 1997/98 | Conversion of several front and rear buildings in Mathildenstrasse by the "Wilde Mathilde" residential project. A striking feature is a new roof zone designed by the architect Peter Stürzebecher. |
| Jan. 30, 1998 | Opening of the so-called district center "Schlachthof Hamburg" in the old cattle slaughterhouse and inauguration of the pedestrian bridge over the subway ditch from Marktstrasse through the Schlachthofpassage to Sternstrasse. |
| February / March 1998 | The “Carolina” women's housing project, which emerged from the Karolina eV association founded in 1993, moves into a terrace house in Karolinenstrasse. |
| 1999/2000 | First closure of a vacant lot on the newly designed Ölmühlenplatz by erecting a modern new building for the Marktweg / Ölmühle community of owners. |
| 1999-2001 | Development of the former areas of the Hermann Laue spice factory ("HeLa") in the western part of the Karolinenviertel between Sternstrasse and Schanzenstrasse with new residential and commercial buildings on the block edges and a residential terrace in the interior of the block (project name: "Sternquadrant"). |
| Dec 14, 1999 | Senate decision on Hamburg Messe remaining at its inner-city location east and north of the Karolinenviertel. |
| from 2000 | Start of planning for the renovation and expansion of the Hamburg Messe site on the previous areas and west of Karolinenstrasse. |
| 2000-2006 | Provision of funds for the promotion of economy and infrastructure from the "European Regional Development Fund" (ERDF) for large parts of St. Pauli (excluding the Schanzenviertel). |
| since 2001 | After initial disputes about the expansion of the exhibition grounds north of the Karolinenviertel to include areas of the meat wholesale market in Hamburg (FGH) and west of Karolinenstrasse, a compromise was found in a negotiation process with external moderation, which resulted in a balance of interests between benefits and burdens for the main actors involved - Hamburg Messe and Congressges . mbH (HMC), meat wholesale market Hamburg (FGH) and residents of the Karolinenviertel - should lead. |
| September 2001 | Opening of an advice center for migrants who want to start a business by the Entrepreneurs Without Borders association in the business start-up center ETAGE 21. |
| 2003 | STEG Hamburg mbH is privatized through a management buy-out; the trust assets (buildings and land) remain with FHH. |
| November 2003 | Demolition of the listed building at Marktstrasse 8/9 due to poor traffic safety and danger of collapse. |
| 2003/2004 | After several years of preliminary planning, the construction of the new building of the housing cooperative Markthof eG takes place on an open space north of the Ölmühlenplatz. |
| Summer 2004 | As part of the expansion of Hamburg Messe, part of the historic HEW administration building, Karolinenstrasse 43, will be demolished in order to make it possible to relocate the confluence of Lagerstrasse and Karolinenstrasse to the south. |
| 2004/2005 | Despite considerable criticism from the local renovation council, the STEG is building a new office building for the "Musikhaus St. Pauli - Kar (o) Star" on a green area next to the old cattle slaughterhouse. |
| Fall 2004 | Sale and handover of the Church of Grace to the Russian Orthodox “Congregation of St. Ioann von Kronstadt ”. |
| Summer 2005 | Closure of the Laeiszstraße elementary school as the last organizationally independent general school in the eastern Karolinenviertel and affiliation to the Ludwigstraße all-day elementary school as a branch. |
| 2005/2006 | Refurbishment and conversion of a Wilhelminian-style building on Karolinenstrasse, which has been vacant for more than ten years (after sale by the municipal housing company SAGA to a private person). |
| 2006 | Combination of several children's and youth facilities from the Karolinenviertel and the Schanzenviertel at the previous location of the House of Youth St. Pauli (“Helmuth-Hübener-House”), at the Schiller Opera, and reopening of the new “House of the Family” on May 12, 2006 . |
| December 2006 | Start of the renovation and "reconstruction" of the Millerntor stadium of FC St. Pauli with the demolition of the south stand. |
| 2006/2007 | Renovation of the row of stalls from the 19th century at Marktstrasse 7 (house 1–15) and construction of a new building on the northern edge of the block by a building community. |
Web links
- Karo4tel
- St.Pauli Street Directory
- STEG - Urban Development and Urban Renewal Company Hamburg mbH
- "Markthof"
- Articles and picture gallery on the topic
Individual evidence
- ↑ A bridge into the future - Hamburg bridge . In: steg-hamburg.de . 2013. Archived from the original on March 3, 2013. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 2, 2013.
- ↑ Redevelopment area St. Pauli North S3 Karolinenviertel - jetty Hamburg . In: steg-hamburg.de . 2013. Archived from the original on August 10, 2016. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved June 29, 2016.
Coordinates: 53 ° 34 ' N , 9 ° 58' E