Department des Bouches de l'Elbe
The Département des Bouches de l'Elbe (dt .: Department of the Elbe estuary, in historical sources also: the Elbe estuaries) was the department No. 128 of the First French Empire . It was created as one of four Hanseatic departments on January 1, 1811 as a result of the annexation of the area by France and was dissolved on May 30, 1814 after the victory of the Allies.
location
The department of the mouth of the Elbe was located between the department of the mouth of the Weser , the North Sea, the Elbe, the Baltic Sea and a line that was first described in the Senate Consultation on December 13, 1810 and then more precisely in a decree of July 4, 1811: exactly the limits at that time Following Holstein, including Lauenburg and the area of Lübeck, to the confluence of the Stecknitz ( Delvenau ) into the Elbe, and along the border with the Aller department in the Kingdom of Westphalia to Hillern.
The area included the state territory of the former Free and Hanseatic cities of Hamburg and Lübeck , the former Duchy of Lauenburg , part of the Duchy of Bremen and the Principality of Lüneburg . For a short time a large part of the area belonged to the Kingdom of Westphalia , department of the Elbe and Weser estuaries .
history
In Lauenburg on July 5, 1803, the Hanover Army was disbanded; Lauenburg was occupied by the French.
Since then, the Hanseatic cities have been under increasing French influence, which was only made more noticeable by the collapse of Prussia. In November 1806, all three Hanseatic cities and the formerly Hanoverian area were occupied by the French.
Stade as the capital of the entire Duchy of Bremen, which belonged to the Electorate of Braunschweig-Lüneburg , was designated Westphalian in 1810 and the capital of the department of the Elbe and Weser estuaries . This brief transfer of the remnants of the former health resort Hanover to the Kingdom of Westphalia did not lead to any calming down; A few months later, Napoleon decided to annex the entire German North Sea coast including an approximately 150 km deep land area between the Rhine or Ems and Elbe as well as the three Hanseatic cities, the Duchy of Oldenburg and a large part of the Electorate of Hanover, which had just been transferred to the Kingdom of Westphalia .
The council constitutions of the Hanseatic cities of Hamburg, Lübeck and Bremen, in other words: the senates of these cities became by resolution of the government commission under Marshal Davout of February 10, 1811 to February 13 (Hamburg) or February 16, respectively Repealed in 1811. The capital of the newly created department was Hamburg (French: Hambourg ). The Dutch Patrice de Coninck was prefect until 1813 , then Achille Le Tonnelier de Breteuil until 1814 . 1,118,965 inhabitants lived in the three Hanseatic departments. In the department of the Elbe estuary there were 373,285 inhabitants on about 375.976 hectares , i.e. an area of about 3759.76 km². The city of Hamburg still had 106,920, Lüneburg 10,039 inhabitants.
The department was divided into the following arrondissements and cantons :
| Arrondissement | Residents | Cantons |
|---|---|---|
| Hambourg | 137,540 | Hamburg ( Hambourg , 6 cantons), it comprises various Elbe islands and some villages and estates scattered along the Alster and in Stormarn, privately owned by Hamburg, 192.5 km² with 10,000 inhabitants. The Bergedorf office, jointly owned by Hamburg and Lübeck, called Vier Landen. Bergedorf , Hamm , Wilhelmsburg . |
| Lübeck | 74,322 | Lauenburg , Lübeck (2 cantons: city canton and rural canton with Travemünde (Trawemunde), Moisling, Niendorf and Schlutup), Mölln , Neuhaus , Ratzeburg , Schwarzenbek and Steinhorst . |
| Lunebourg | 65,981 | Bardowick , Buxtehude , Garlstorf , Haarbourg , Hittfeld , Lüneburg , Tostedt and Winsen . |
| Stade | 95,442 | Bremervörde , Freybourg , Himmelpforten , Horneburg , Jork , Neuhaus (Oste) , Otterndorf , Ritzebüttel (with Neuwerk 82.5 km² with 4,000 inhabitants), Stade and Zeven . |
After the Allied victory over Napoléon I in 1814, the department was dissolved again. Hamburg and Lübeck became a Free and Hanseatic City again, the areas south of the Elbe became part of the Kingdom of Hanover, and the areas north of the Elbe were swapped to Denmark .
Today the area belongs to the federal states of Hamburg, Lower Saxony and Schleswig-Holstein.
See also
- French period in Bremen
- Hamburg French Period
- Lübeck French period and list of members of the Lübeck municipal council
- Brunswick French period
- Northern Germany
- Napoleonic Post in Northern Germany
literature
- Angelika Ernst : The introduction of the Napoleonic tax and administration system in Lüneburg 1810/1811 with the replacement of the old legal norms, Seeth 2004.
- Jan Jelle Kähler : French civil law and French judicial constitution in the Hanseatic cities of Hamburg, Lübeck and Bremen (1806–1815), Peter Lang, Frankfurt a. M. 2007, ISBN 3-631-55876-7 .
- Burghart Schmidt : Hamburg in the age of the French Revolution and Napoleon 1789–1813. 1st part: representation. Part 2: Annotated overview of literature and sources, Hamburg 1998, ISBN 3-923-35687-0 .
- Helmut Stubbe da Luz : "French times" in Northern Germany (1803-1814). Napoleon's Hanseatic Departments. Bremen 2003, ISBN 3-861-08384-1 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Sénatus-consulte organique portant que la Hollande, les villes anséatiques, le Lauembourg, etc., font partie intégrante de la France, December 13, 1810 (4, Bull. 331, no 6163): “La Hollande, les villes anséatiques, le Lauembourg, et les pays situés entre la mer du Nord et une ligne tirée depuis le confluent de la Lippe dans le Rhin, jusqu'à Haltern , de Halteren à l'Ems au-dessus de Telgte ; de l'Ems au confluent de la Verra dans le Weser, et de Stolzenau sur le Weser à l'Elbe, au-dessus du confluent de la Steckenitz, feront partie intégrante de l'empire français. “Collection complète des lois, décrets d 'intérét général ..., volumes 17-18 p.235 books.google
- ↑ “Décret concernant l'organale des départements anséatiques” of July 4, 1811 (4, Bull. 381, no 7113): 28. “Le département des Bouches-de-l'Elbe sera composé des pays compris entre le département des Bouches-du-Weser, la mer du Nord, l'Elbe, la Baltique, et une ligne suivant exactement les frontières actuelles du Holstein, enveloppant le Lauenbourg, le territoire de Lubeck, jusqu'au confluent de la Stekenitz dans l'Elbe, et depuis la rive droite au-dessus du confluent jusqu'à Soltau . “Collection complète des lois, décrets d'intérét général ..., volumes 17-18 p.401 books.google
- ↑ Michael Kotulla : German Constitutional Law 1806-1918. A collection of documents. 4th volume: Bremen. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2016. p.430-1 books.google document no. 716
Bouches de l'Elbe ( mouth of the Elbe ) | Bouches du Weser ( mouth of the Weser ) | Ems-Supérieur ( Oberems )