My fight

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Mein Kampf is a political and ideological program of Adolf Hitler's . It appeared in two parts. Hitler made it his career-politician and his world view . The book contains Hitler's autobiography is, in the main, but fighting and propaganda pamphlet , the rebuilding of the NSDAP should serve as a centrally steered Party under Hitler's leadership.

The first volume was written after the failed putsch on November 9, 1923 against the Weimar Republic during Hitler's imprisonment in 1924 and was published for the first time on July 18, 1925, the second on December 11, 1926. The first volume in particular became a much discussed bestseller in the Weimar Republic by 1932 .

Various editions of "Mein Kampf". Exhibits in the Documentation Center Nazi Party Rally Grounds in Nuremberg.

Intention and Origin

With this pamphlet Hitler wanted to present the Germans with a closed alternative to Marxism , to stylize his career as the ideal leader of National Socialism , to underpin his claim to the leadership of the NSDAP, to “settle” with “traitors” of the failed “ Hitler putsch ” and all nationalists on the Jews swear in as a common enemy . In it Hitler reaffirmed the validity of the 25-point program of the NSDAP in order not to involve it in internal party conflicts, and attested that the völkisch movement was completely unsuccessful in presenting his NSDAP as a modern, unspent and purposeful collective movement of the nationalist, anti-democratic camp of the Weimar Republic . One of the reasons for writing it was that he needed money to pay for his legal fees.

Hitler wrote the first part of Mein Kampf in 1924 during his imprisonment in the Landsberg detention center in Landsberg am Lech . He is said to have dictated the text to his later deputy Rudolf Hess . Recent findings indicate that Hitler typed the text himself on a portable typewriter. Winifred Wagner reported that she had sent Hitler "loads of writing paper" to Landsberg. Originally, the book was supposed to be called Four and a Half Years [of Struggle] Against Lies, Stupidity, and Cowardice . After his early release in December 1924, Hitler dictated the more programmatic second part of Mein Kampf to his follower Max Amann , director of the Franz-Eher-Verlag . In the summer of 1925, Amann and Hitler retired to the (hence later so-called) Kampfhäusl of the innkeeper Bruno Büchner on the Obersalzberg (near what would later become the Berghof ) to type the manuscript.

The historian Roman Töppel identifies numerous anti-Semitic and völkisch authors, including Richard Wagner , Houston Stewart Chamberlain , Julius Langbehn , Heinrich Claß , Theodor Fritsch , Dietrich Eckart , as sources for the racist ideology unfolded in Mein Kampf , especially in the central chapter People and Race , Otto Hauser , Hans FK Günther and Alfred Rosenberg . Other authors who are mentioned in earlier research as Hitler's idea generator, such as Karl May , Karl Haushofer or the ariosophors Jörg Lanz von Liebenfels and Guido List , would not have had much influence on Hitler's thinking.

Drafts, editions and editions

German first edition of the first volume of Mein Kampf , July 1925 (exhibit at the German Historical Museum in Berlin)

In July 1925 the first volume appeared with 423 pages, in December 1926 the second with 354 pages. Up to 1930 the publishing house Mein Kampf sold two large-format volumes at a price of 12 Reichsmarks each, and from 1928 14  Reichsmarks . Then the two volumes in the 18.9 × 12 centimeter format were combined into a one-volume “People's Edition”.

The original experienced in his twenty years of editorial history some changes and enhancements 1925-1945. In autumn 2006 five manuscript and eighteen draft pages for Hitler's book appeared in Munich, which he had written before its publication in the spring and summer of 1924 during his imprisonment in Landsberg. The comparison with the later final version enabled Hitler research to draw conclusions about the development of Hitler's worldview and manner of agitation.

9th edition, 95th to 104th thousand, from 1932

The first and second volumes appeared in a first edition of 10,000 copies each. The NSDAP financed itself to a large extent through its own party publisher, in which Hitler was personally involved. By January 1933, 287,000 copies of the one-volume popular edition were sold by the central publishing house of the NSDAP (Franz Eher Successor) at a price of RM 12 each  . Hitler received 10 percent royalties for each book sold . The following one-volume edition cost 8 RM (“People's Edition”, from 1930).

Thereafter, the circulation skyrocketed, from January to November 17, 1933, according to Plöckinger, 854,127 copies were sold. About 1,080,000 copies were sold throughout 1933. In 1933 a Braille edition was published. From 1936 many registry offices gave German bridal couples instead of the Bible Mein Kampf at the expense of the respective city treasury. It was acquired by party members and used by students in class.

In order not to jeopardize this profitable business for the party publisher and himself, Hitler obtained a special regulation from the Reichsschrifttumskammer that the book could not be sold second-hand in bookshops. The total circulation rose to 5.45 million by 1939 and reached 10.9 million copies by 1944.

Hitler wrote a second book in 1928. It remained an unpublished manuscript during his lifetime and is known today as Hitler's Second Book . It is a design for a sequel to Mein Kampf ; In it Hitler dealt with partly new topics or theses.

Title page of the 1940 edition. Exhibit in the Documentation Center Nazi Party Rally Grounds in Nuremberg

For the “Hall of Honor of the Great Exhibition 'Germany' ” a special edition was produced in 1936 from 965 handwritten parchment pages.

Adolf Hitler did not have to pay taxes for his high income from the sale of the book. The state tax office in Munich, headed by Ludwig Mirre , decided that Hitler's position under constitutional law did not allow taxation.

Dedications

The first volume, framed in black, is preceded by the names of the 16 men (referred to by Hitler as “ martyrs ” of the movement) who died in the failed Hitler putsch of November 8th and 9th, 1923, including Claus von Pape , Theodor von der Pfordten and Max Erwin von Scheubner-Richter . The second volume ends with the name of Hitler's mentor Dietrich Eckart (1868–1923).

content

Mein Kampf consists of two volumes, which were combined into one volume in later editions. In the first volume, Eine Abrechnung , Hitler describes his life until 1918 and the development of the NSDAP. The autobiographical information is incomplete and partly incorrect. The focus of the second volume, The National Socialist Movement, is on programmatic statements that can already be found in the first volume. The most important programmatic contents of Mein Kampf are:

  • the demand for the annexation of Austria to the German Reich;
  • the demand for new living space for the German people, which is necessary as soon as the previous living space is no longer sufficient
  • the detailed description of Hitler's anti-Semitic convictions with a wide scope for the supposedly Jewish world views, which he believes should be destroyed, Marxism and social democracy . In doing so, Hitler painted the picture of a Jewish world conspiracy whose aim was the enslavement of Germany and ultimately world domination . To this end, “the Jew” makes use of both allegedly Jewish Bolshevism and international stock exchange capital . Hitler writes z. B. with reference to Gottfried Feder (1883–1941) and his catchphrase of the “ breaking of interest bondage ” (8th chapter, similarly also 13th chapter) of the “two types of capital”. Hitler praised Feder's “sharp divide” between “stock market capital” and the national economy. This divorce makes it possible to fight against the “internationalization of the German economy”, against the “international finance and loan capital” without having to threaten “ capital in general” as the “basis of an independent national self-preservation”. The aim of the "Jew Karl Marx " with his work as the ideological background of social democracy is the fight against the national economy in order to "prepare the rule of truly international financial and stock market capital". He described the Jews as parasites and pathogens which, if not combated decisively, would kill their host people .
  • In addition, Hitler accused the Jews of consciously spreading syphilis by promoting prostitution .

For these conspiracy theories , he relied, among other things, on the Protocols of the Elders of Zion , an anti-Semitic forgery by the Tsarist secret service from 1903, which was first published in German in 1919. Hitler's “Judgment on Jews” of September 16, 1919, his keynote address of August 13, 1920 and a defense “memorandum” for his 1923 trial are considered to be written preparatory work by Hitler for the chapter on people and race and its section “Development of Judaism”.

Mein Kampf also contains content

In addition, there are detailed autobiographical sections and a history of the NSDAP (both only until 1924), which are intended to explain the political program. Mein Kampf thus represents one of the most important - and one of the most controversial in its credibility - sources on Hitler's life and on the ideology of the NSDAP.

reception

Weimar Republic

The historian Othmar Plöckinger published a work in 2006 in which he contradicted the long-held opinion that Mein Kampf was widespread, but rarely read. The book found resonance, for example, in history , in feature sections and in the Protestant Church. According to Plöckinger, Mein Kampf was sold 241,000 times - in addition to free distribution - before Hitler came to power ; the copies in libraries were at times in great demand.

In 2005 one of the few autographed copies of the first edition fetched £ 23,800 at auction ; In 2009 an autographed volume was auctioned for £ 21,000. According to the dedication, Hitler had given the book to a fellow prisoner in Landsberg, Johann Georg Maurer, at Christmas 1925, an author's copy made before the second edition was delivered .

My struggle was initially controversial in ethnic circles. Especially followers of Erich Ludendorff , who fell out with Hitler shortly before it was first published, criticized the book and published reviews in publications related to them, later Otto Strasser and his followers too . Because of the massively propagated anti-Semitism, criticism also came from Jewish associations, albeit “cautiously and moderately”. The satirical magazine Simplicissimus briefly discussed Mein Kampf several times . Few reviews of the first volume appeared in 1925 and 1926, and even fewer reviews of volume 2 in 1927.

"The prerequisites for a serious argument in the bourgeois press within the framework of the usual novelty discussion period of one to two years were missing both in the combat book itself and in the divided right-wing extremist splinter party groups, which at the time were still relatively unnoticed in public."

A second book was not published in 1928 because sales of Mein Kampf were sluggish and the publisher, Franz Eher Nachf. , Let Hitler know that another book publication at this point would tend to hinder sales. In summary, the following applies to the 1920s: "The journalistic response was very cautious."

Otto Strasser , whose brother Gregor Strasser was imprisoned with Hitler in Landsberg am Lech, wrote in his book Hitler and I about the first version of Mein Kampf that it was a conglomerate of "poorly digested political reading", namely the views of Karl Lueger , Georg von Schönerer , Houston Stewart Chamberlain , Paul de Lagarde and Alfred Rosenberg on foreign policy as well as "anti-Semitic outbursts of rage by Streicher ".

“Everything was written in the style of a sextan , from which clear essays can only be expected later. [...] Father Stempfle [...] worked for months to organize the thoughts that were expressed in Mein Kampf and to bring them into context. "

- Otto Strasser : Hitler and me .

Strasser further reports that Hitler never forgave Stempfle for clearly recognizing Hitler's weaknesses when correcting the book. Stempfle was a victim of the " Röhm Putsch " in 1934 . According to Othmar Plöckinger , the thesis that Mein Kampf was hardly read by the German population goes back to Otto Strasser. Strasser put it up during his exile in America in the journalistic fight against the German NSDAP government. After the war it was widely adopted as a protective claim in Germany.

A renewed discussion about the book arose despite the supposed "settlement of Hitler" in 1925 after the election successes of the NSDAP from 1930: On the occasion of the new "people's edition" in one volume, numerous reviews appeared, especially in right-wing publications. From this point on, various social groups tried to draw conclusions from the book for their own dealings with the party and its representatives. On the part of the left, Mein Kampf and quotes from it were mainly used satirically . Christian reviewers "warned in connection with Rosenberg 's book of myths against racial fanaticism, the hostility to reason and against encroachments on religious life, which Christians cannot bear."

Nazi era

Contrary to what Joachim Fest claimed, Mein Kampf did not by any means share “the fate of all mandatory and court literature” during the Nazi era and remained unread. Rather, it was widely received in the National Socialist press and journalism, and the number of loans from the public libraries suggests that it was widely read.

Irene Harand published one of the most detailed reviews under the title "His Struggle." Reply to Hitler in 1935 self-published with a high sold circulation in Vienna. The book was also published in French in 1936, and an English edition was published in 1937.

Abroad until 1945

Unauthorized French-language edition Mon Combat (1934)

Mein Kampf was translated and distributed abroad, partly unauthorized for educational purposes, partly in official translations, which were often grossly falsified in accordance with Hitler's current policy. In the USA, there was an authorized and an unauthorized version, the publication of which the publishers involved led a legal dispute over in the late 1930s.

In France, Mein Kampf was first published by French fascists as a warning against Germany. The translation, which was not authorized by Hitler, was published in 1934 by Action française , the Nouvelles Éditions Latines (NEL), under the title Mon Combat (literally: "Mein Kampf"). In particular, Hitler's Francophobic statements aroused outrage. The German side argued that the passages were written against the background of the occupation of the Rhineland , the Reich government no longer represented these positions. As a private citizen, Hitler successfully sued this translation, which was then banned by a French court. Not until the beginning of August 1938 was a version authorized by Hitler published under the title Ma Doctrine (literally: "My teaching"). In this edition, the anti-French posts had been deleted, but the anti-Semitic statements only partially. When the occupation of France began in 1940, the German occupation put “Mon Combat” on the list of prohibited books.

While the Vatican included Alfred Rosenberg's Myth of the 20th Century in the list of forbidden books in 1934 , Mein Kampf was not indexed despite careful examination.

Between 1934 and 1944 there were translations in Danish (1934), Swedish (1934 and 1941), Portuguese (1934), Bulgarian (1934), Spanish (1935), Hungarian (1935), Chinese (1936), Czech (1936), French (1934 and 1939), Norwegian (1941), Finnish (1941) and in Tamil (1944). An English translation by James Murphy appeared on March 21, 1939, and a partial English translation with critical comments was also published in 1939.

Since 1945

A newsreel from 1945 shows how an American soldier puts the lead type from “Mein Kampf” into the fire in a symbolic act, from the melt of which the first printing plates of the Süddeutsche Zeitung were cast on October 6, 1945.

After the end of the war in 1945, several million copies in numerous offices and households, together with pictures of Hitler and other memories of the NSDAP regime, were removed, so that original editions were rarely available in second-hand bookshops . In addition, in the first decades after 1945 there was a great reluctance to offer this book to the public because of the book's propaganda significance, even among antiquarians . In contrast to the German-speaking countries, the book continued to appear in numerous countries after 1945. New translations, for example into Hebrew, were also made.

In his work The Second World War , Winston Churchill said that after Hitler came to power no book deserved more careful study by Allied politicians and the military than Mein Kampf , and called the book “a new Koran of faith and war: pompous, lengthy, informal but pregnant with his message ”.

In 1963, the Lebanese Louis al-Hajj (لويس الْحاج), who later became editor-in-chief of the Beirut newspaper An-Nahar (النَّهار), translated parts of Mein Kampf from French into Arabic. To this day, its version is the most widespread edition in Arab countries. There Mein Kampf is "a long-seller to this day, in Cairo's bookstores or at street vendors it is next to Nasser biographies, religious instructions, the latest reflections on the fall of Mubarak or the Elders of Zion ."

Some organizations that saw themselves as successors to the NSDAP - such as the NSDAP structural organization - produced inexpensive reprints for their propaganda purposes from the 1970s onwards. The publisher Houghton Mifflin sold more than 15,000 copies in 1979 alone.

In recent years Mein Kampf has sold well in Croatia and, after the de facto ban was lifted in 1992, in Russia. In India, the Jaico publishing house first reissued the book in 2003. He sold up to 15,000 copies annually, and six other publishers also sell the book in India. According to the assessments of booksellers, it is mainly business students who read it as a management guide , but members of neo-fascist organizations and right-wing nationalist parties such as the Bharatiya Janata Party are also rated as readers. Sales are said to have increased significantly in recent years, for example from 40–50 copies a year by 2008 in a Mumbai bookstore to several hundred copies in 2010.

In 2004, a Czech publisher in Prague was sentenced to three years' probation because he published the book without scientific support and, in the opinion of the court, he was guilty of “anti-constitutional propaganda”. The publisher stated in court that he had "only published one historical document". Around 90,000 copies of the book had been sold.

Kavgam , the Turkish translation of Mein Kampf , was brought onto the market almost simultaneously at the end of 2004 by 15 Turkish publishers, who undercut each other in terms of sales prices. The sales figures are estimated at over 100,000 copies. At the beginning of 2005 the book was number 4 on the bestseller list of the largest Turkish bookstore chain D&R, and in March 2007 it was number 3. In August 2007 the Free State of Bavaria had the book banned by Turkish courts. The increasing sales success of the book, which had been available "in virtually every bookstore" in Turkey for many years, was accompanied by the anti-Semitism of the Turkish right, the popularity of conspiracy literature in Turkey and the emergence of the claim that "it 'any Blood connection 'between Kurds and Jews'.

In 2005 the Free State of Bavaria sued the Polish language edition. Reprinting and distribution were then banned in Poland. In 2012 the Bavarian State Government obtained an injunction against a publishing company based in Great Britain for copyright infringement at the Munich I Regional Court ; the Munich Higher Regional Court confirmed this judgment (29 U 1204/12).

2005 in Azerbaijan a criminal case against the publisher of the Azerbaijani edition of the book set because there is no law in Azerbaijan, which prohibits the pressure of Hitler's book.

On June 11, 2016, the Italian daily Il Giornale published an issue with the book Rise and Fall of the Third Reich by US journalist William L. Shirer and a reprint of the 1939 Italian edition of "Mein Kampf" from 1938 at a higher price Acting Prime Minister Matteo Renzi and the Jewish community reacted indignantly.

Mein Kampf is now available in several language versions on the Internet . The Spanish iTunes Store offered a translation under the title Mi Lucha for sale from November 2009 . The edition was provided with a swastika as a cover image and an age rating from nine years.

Artistic processing

In his two-hour documentary of the same name ( Mein Kampf , Sweden 1959), the German-Swedish director and publicist Erwin Leiser dealt with the dictatorship of National Socialism between 1933 and 1945, including its prehistory from the First World War . The film is considered to be a groundbreaking classic of the film documentaries about National Socialism. Despite the identical title, however, it should not be understood as a "film adaptation" of Hitler's book. But in the deliberately provocative close down Association , the film shows Leiser in an impressive way the historical consequences of Hitler's autobiographical draft program - basically the essence and "continuation" - on the way to a lie in ruins Europe with world about 60 million dead in the Second World War I , including the unprecedented industrialized genocide of European Jews and other populations by the Holocaust . The film was and is often shown in schools as part of history lessons on the subject.

In the following years too, Mein Kampf was the subject of various artistic processes:

  • In 1968 the book Adolf Hitler's Mein Kampf was published. Sketched memories of a great time of the cartoonist Kurt Halbritter .
  • In 1973 the cabaret artist Helmut Qualtinger read from the book publicly (these readings are also available on CD ).
  • In 1987 the play Mein Kampf by George Tabori had its world premiere in the Burgtheater Vienna , which deals with the time of Adolf Hitler in Vienna before the First World War. Tabori's play was filmed by Urs Odermatt in 2009 under the same title .
  • In 1996, the German-Turkish artist Serdar Somuncu began a tour with a public reading from Mein Kampf under anti-racist auspices. With this program, the estate of a mass murderer , he made over 1,500 appearances in front of more than 250,000 spectators.
  • In 1997 the novel Mein Kamm by the satirist Ephraim Kishon was published , in which he deals with mass movements, especially National Socialism.
  • In 2008, the Japanese publisher East Press published a manga on Mein Kampf as part of its Manga de Dokuha edition , which sold over 45,000 times in less than a year.
  • In 2009 a new historical-critical edition was discussed and demanded, for example, that every sentence and concept of Hitler be commented on and traced back to its origins. The satirical magazine Titanic ironized the demand with a graphic in which an identical note (“nonsense”) was placed as a footnote after every few words.
  • In 2015, the theater project Adolf Hitler: Mein Kampf, Volume 1 & 2 by the group Rimini Protokoll was premiered at the Kunstfest Weimar . It is in the repertoire of u. a. co-producing houses Münchner Kammerspiele and Nationaltheater Mannheim , was also u. a. shown at the Steirischer Herbst in Graz as well as in Berlin, Zurich, Dresden, Leipzig and Athens.

Legal position

The reprint of the book was not permitted under copyright law in Germany before January 1, 2016 . Since Hitler was registered as resident at Prinzregentenplatz  16 in Munich until his death , his assets were confiscated by the American military government after the war . This also included its intangible assets, including copyrights. In the course of denazification, it was planned to confiscate the assets of those responsible for the Nazi regime by the respective country, but this required a final judgment by a court or a ruling chamber . Therefore, in 1948 a case against Adolf Hitler was brought before the Bavarian Chamber of Arbitration Munich I. In the judgment, Hitler was declared the main culprit and his material estate and immaterial estate in Bavaria were confiscated in favor of the Free State of Bavaria , which was re-established in 1946 . Since then, the state, represented by the Bavarian Ministry of Finance , has owned the copyrights. It prohibited any reprint and took action against copyright infringements at home and abroad. The plan of the British publisher Peter McGee to publish an annotated partial edition of the book in his magazine Zeitungszeugen in January 2012 was banned by the Munich District Court I at the request of the Free State of Bavaria. It then appeared under the title “The illegible book” with the original text blacked out completely .

The Federal Court of Justice ruled in 1979 that the possession, purchase and sale of antiquarian copies of the book in Germany are not punishable under Section 86 of the Criminal Code (dissemination of propaganda by unconstitutional organizations) . The book is older than the Federal Republic of Germany and, as a “pre-constitutional” text, cannot be directed against its constitutional or legal system. Offering antiquarian copies for sale is also not punishable under Section 86a of the Criminal Code ( use of symbols of unconstitutional organizations ), even if - as on some editions - a swastika is depicted on the cover . Because the book serves "today primarily as a means of teaching about the nature and program of National Socialism", so that the volume can be offered in its original appearance; The representation of the symbol is subject to the so-called social adequacy clause of § 86 III StGB.

The unabridged and unchanged version of the work was indexed as harmful to young people on February 26, 2018.

The copyrights ended on December 31, 2015 (in accordance with Section 64 and Section 69 of the Copyright Act ) after the standard protection period of 70 years after Hitler's death. The Bavarian Ministry of Finance takes the view that reprinting, even after the copyright law has expired, is punishable as disseminating anti-constitutional propaganda and inciting hatred. According to other legal opinions, such as that expressed by law professor Christian Bickenbach in an interview for the Federal Agency for Civic Education , the fact that anti-constitutional propaganda has been disseminated with reference to the above-mentioned judgment of the Federal Court of Justice on antiquarian copies is not given under the current legal situation, provided that no problematic additions are made. Depending on the intention to spread “Mein Kampf”, this could or may not count as sedition ( Section 130 StGB ). An example given is the distribution by a neo-Nazi mail order company as opposed to the distribution for the purpose of civic education or by scientists, artists and journalists.

In Great Britain and the USA , the book was also allowed to be printed before 2016 because Eher Verlag had sold the English-language rights in the 1930s, which Random House cited. The publisher donates the proceeds from these sales.

In 2017, an employee of the Berlin-Reinickendorf district office was dismissed for reading the original edition of Mein Kampf in the break room . An appeal against the judgment was not allowed.

Annotated new editions

2016 - Institute for Contemporary History (Hartmann et al.)

At the beginning of 2016, the Munich Institute for Contemporary History (IfZ) presented its annotated edition, which it had developed over a period of three years. This received a lot of international attention. The two volumes together weigh about six kilograms and contain around 3,500 notes. The annotated version was published on January 8, 2016 with a first edition of 4,000 copies. The first edition was sold out immediately, with 15,000 pre-orders by the day of publication. Within the first year more than 85,000 copies (90,000 / as of June 2017) were sold and a seventh edition was published in early December 2017 (1st edition: 4,000 / 2nd edition: 10,000 / 3rd edition: 22,000 / 4th edition). Edition: 30,000 / 5th edition: 30,000). From mid-January 2018, the annotated edition was on the weekly Spiegel - bestseller list to find "non-fiction" and made it here already four times among the top 10 (including 2 x the 1st place). In December 2015, Federal Education Minister Johanna Wanka (CDU) had spoken out in favor of using the annotated edition in history lessons after it was published in schools .

The publication was preceded by long discussions. In 2007, the then director of the IfZ Horst Möller expressed his requirements for a historical-critical edition:

“It must be introduced by a specialist with explanations about the history of its origins and effects as well as how it was used as a political campaign script during the Weimar Republic and the Nazi dictatorship. What is more complicated, it must be linked to the systematic evidence of the different text variants, starting with a reference to the different and content-wise deviating editions and features. And one would have to clarify where some of Hitler's thoughts and statements originally come from: Are these, for example, your own ideologemes, are these vulgarizations of other texts, fruits of reading, well thought-out arguments or quick takeovers from personal conversations? "

The IfZ recognized the claim of the Bavarian State Ministry of Finance to own the publication rights for the book, and tried for years to obtain a publication permit there, which repeatedly caused public discussions. The IfZ received support in this matter from the Hitler biographer Ian Kershaw , the social historian Hans-Ulrich Wehler and the General Secretary of the Central Council of Jews in Germany Stephan J. Kramer .

In July 2009 the IfZ announced that it would start “preparatory work” for a scientific edition without permission. The effort required was estimated at around five years of work for an expert. The IfZ endeavored to produce a serious issue before “anyone could reprint 'Mein Kampf' anyway” and “sell with the appropriate sensationalism”. They are trying to “dig the water for a future, purely commercial use”. In April 2012 it became known that the Bavarian state government would now support the IfZ with a commented edition and also entrust it with a "school edition". IfZ historian Christian Hartmann was the project manager of the scientific edition funded with 500,000 euros . In December 2013, the Bavarian state government under Horst Seehofer announced that it would end the funding of the project. Publications after the protection period has expired will be countered with a criminal complaint for sedition, according to the Bavarian State Chancellery . In June 2014, the members of the Justice Ministers' Conference of the Länder left it open whether an annotated edition would be banned.

The double band costs 59 euros in Germany and 60.70 euros in Austria. In April 2016, the edition was number one on the SPIEGEL non-fiction bestseller list . In mid-August 2016, ORF.at reported that booksellers in Austria were reluctant to start selling. " After consultation with the Documentation Archive of the Austrian Resistance (DÖW), Morawa decided to sell the book but not to advertise it in the display, and also announced that the sales proceeds would be donated to the DÖW”. Morawa sold “quite a few”, Thalia donated € 6,300 to the DÖW. Amazon "donates the proceeds to a non-profit organization" without explaining to which one. In August 2016, the IfZ estimated that around 10%, i.e. 8,000 of the previous 80,000 copies, had been sold in Austria.

2016 - Il Giornale (Perfetti)

The Italian daily Il Giornale added an edition of Mein Kampf commented by Francesco Perfetti to its edition of June 11, 2016 , which is supposed to be the start of an announced eight-volume series of books on the subject of National Socialism .

Further writings by Adolf Hitler

literature

  • Florian Beierl, Othmar Plöckinger: New documents for Hitler's book Mein Kampf . In: Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte . No. 57 , 2009, p. 261–318 , doi : 10.1524 / vfzg.2009.0043 ( ifz-muenchen.de [PDF]).
  • Clemens Bogedain: "Mein Kampf", the "Myth of the 20th Century" and the "Goebbels Diaries": Works by former Nazi greats in the field of tension between criminal law, copyright and future public domain . In: Journal for Copyright and Media Law . 2015, p. 206-211 .
  • Kenneth Burke : The rhetoric in Hitler's "Mein Kampf" and other essays on the strategy of persuasion . Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1967.
  • Hermann Glaser : Adolf Hitler's inflammatory pamphlet “Mein Kampf”. A contribution to the history of the mentality of National Socialism. Allitera, Munich 2014, ISBN 978-3-86906-622-6 .
  • Christian Hartmann , Thomas Vordermayer, Othmar Plöckinger, Roman Töppel (eds.): Hitler, Mein Kampf: A critical edition . 1st edition. Institute for Contemporary History Munich - Berlin, Munich 2016, ISBN 978-3-9814052-3-1 .
  • Sven Felix Kellerhoff : "Mein Kampf". The career of a German book . Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2015, ISBN 978-3-608-94895-0 .
  • Werner Maser : Adolf Hitler's “Mein Kampf”. History, excerpts, comments . 8th edition. Bechtle, Esslingen 1995, ISBN 3-7628-0409-5 .
  • Othmar Plöckinger: History of a Book. Adolf Hitler's "Mein Kampf" 1922-1945 . 1st edition. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2006, ISBN 978-3-486-57956-7 .
  • Othmar Plöckinger: History of a book: Adolf Hitler's "Mein Kampf": 1922–1945 . 2nd updated edition. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-486-70533-1 .
  • Othmar Plöckinger (Ed.): Key documents for the international reception of 'Mein Kampf' . 1st edition. Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2016, ISBN 978-3-515-11501-8 .
  • Sascha Sebastian, Robert Briske: The exploitation of Hitler's "Mein Kampf" - an analysis of copyright and criminal law . In: Archives for press law . No. 2 , 2013, p. 101-110 .
  • Barbara Zehnpfennig : Hitler's “Mein Kampf” - An Interpretation . 3. Edition. Wilhelm Fink Verlag, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-7705-3533-2 .
  • Barbara Zehnpfennig: Adolf Hitler: "Mein Kampf". Weltanschauung and program - study commentary . Wilhelm Fink Verlag, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-8252-3469-0 .
  • Christian Zentner : Adolf Hitler's Mein Kampf. An annotated selection . 20th edition. List, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-471-66553-4 .

Broadcast reports

Television broadcasts

Web links

Commons : Mein Kampf  - collection of images

Footnotes

  1. ^ A b Dietrich Müller: Book review in the political context of National Socialism. Lines of development in reviewing in Germany before and after 1933. Dissertation, University of Mainz 2008, p. 35 f. (online: urn : nbn: de: hebis: 77-19345 ; PDF; 4.3 MB).
  2. ↑ Barbara Zehnpfennig : Hitler's "Mein Kampf" - An Interpretation . 3. Edition. Wilhelm Fink Verlag, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-7705-3533-2 , p. 34 . ; Barbara Zehnpfennig: Adolf Hitler: "Mein Kampf". Weltanschauung and program - study commentary . Wilhelm Fink Verlag, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-8252-3469-0 .
  3. ↑ Othmar Plöckinger: History of a book: Adolf Hitler's "Mein Kampf": 1922-1945 . 2nd updated edition. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-486-70533-1 , p. 80 f . ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  4. ↑ Joachim Fest : "Hitler - Eine Biographie", p. 306, 10th edition. 2008, with reference to Werner Maser and Hans Frank .
  5. ↑ Werner Reif: Hitler is said to have typed drafts for "my fight" himself. In: Augsburger Allgemeine Zeitung. June 25, 2009; Archived from the original on June 29, 2009 ; Retrieved October 24, 2009 . Cf. Florian Beierl, Othmar Plöckinger: New documents on Hitler's book Mein Kampf. In: Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte 57, 2009, issue 2, pp. 261–318 ( PDF ).
  6. ↑ Sven Oliver Müller: Richard Wagner and the Germans: A story of hatred and devotion . CHBeck, 2013, ISBN 978-3-406-64456-6 ( limited preview ).
  7. ↑ Othmar Plöckinger: History of a book. Adolf Hitler's "Mein Kampf" 1922-1945 . 1st edition. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2006, ISBN 978-3-486-57956-7 , p. 33 .
  8. ↑ Roman Töppel: "People and Race". Tracking down Hitler's sources. In: Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte 64 (2016), issue 1, pp. 1–35, especially p. 34 f. (accessed via De Gruyter Online).
  9. ↑ My struggle. Part: Vol. 1. In: portal.dnb.de. Catalog of the German National Library , accessed on July 15, 2019.
  10. ↑ See title page of the first edition in the Historisches Lexikon Bayerns
  11. ↑ My struggle. Part: Vol. 2. In: portal.dnb.de. Catalog of the German National Library, accessed on July 15, 2019.
  12. ↑ Florian Beierl, Othmar Plöckinger: New documents for Hitler's book Mein Kampf. In: Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte 57, 2009, issue 2, pp. 261–318 ( PDF ).
  13. ↑ Othmar Plöckinger: History of a book. Adolf Hitler's "Mein Kampf" 1922-1945 . 1st edition. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2006, ISBN 978-3-486-57956-7 , p. 181-183 .
  14. ↑ Annotation: on p. 184 of his book (Othmar Plöckinger: Geschichte eines Buches. Adolf Hitler's "Mein Kampf" 1922-1945 . 1st edition. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2006, ISBN 978-3-486-57956-7 , p. 184 . ) seems unclear whether the period from January 1, 1933 or from the "seizure of power" is meant.
  15. ^ Plöckinger (Othmar Plöckinger: History of a book. Adolf Hitler's "Mein Kampf" 1922-1945 . 1st edition. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2006, ISBN 978-3-486-57956-7 , p. 185 . ) writes in footnote 85: Ehinger-Verlag names a print run of 1,1820,000 for 1933 [...] ; how Maser came to a figure of 1.5 million is incomprehensible.
  16. ↑ What does Hitler's family inherit? In: Der Tagesspiegel from August 3, 2003.
  17. ↑ Plöckinger followed up on this in detail; According to his research, many large cities (e.g. Frankfurt am Main) persistently refused to buy the expensive book (which would have put a considerable strain on the city's treasury) for it. The Lord Mayor of Leipzig and later resistance fighter Carl Goerdeler also resisted stubbornly (Plöckinger (Othmar Plöckinger: Geschichte einer Buch. Adolf Hitler's "Mein Kampf" 1922-1945 . 1st edition. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2006, ISBN 978-3-486-57956 -7 . ), Pp. 435 and 429 ff. Section A gift as an instrument of power ).
  18. ↑ Roland Aegerter: Hitler's "Mein Kampf" . Auf: The future needs memories , accessed on August 3, 2019.
  19. ↑ Newspaper clipping from 1936. Printed in: Jürgen von der Wense : Flowers bloom on command. From the poetry album of a newspaper-reading comrade 1933–1944 . Munich 1993, p. 92. This source also reports: Ore smelted in the Dillinger Hütte was used to produce the iron plates of the binding covers; Cologne craftsmen processed these. The book, which weighed 70 pounds, was finally exhibited in the middle of the “Kulturraum der Ehrenhalle” on the occasion of the Great German Art Exhibition in the House of German Art , right next to the Gutenberg Bible, which was placed in the “Raum des Deutschen Genius”. "Documentary films" that were running at the time of the exhibition about the production of the "work" were also intended to give visitors an impression of the efforts made to produce this special edition.
  20. ↑ Heike Göbel, Hendrik Wieduwilt: "Tax secrecy applies, but ..." In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. September 28, 2018, p. 22 , accessed on October 1, 2018 (page number refers to the print edition of September 29, 2018).
  21. ↑ Wolfgang Wippermann : Mein Kampf. In: Wolfgang Benz , Hermann Graml , Hermann Weiß (eds.): Encyclopedia of National Socialism . Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 1997, p. 580 f.
  22. ↑ Cornelia Schmitz-Berning: Vocabulary of National Socialism . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2007 ISBN 978-3-11-092864-8 , p. 461 f. (accessed via De Gruyter Online).
  23. ↑ Wolfgang Wippermann : Agents of Evil. Conspiracy theories from Luther to the present day. be.bra. Verlag Berlin 2007, p. 80 ff.
  24. ↑ Othmar Plöckinger: History of a book: Adolf Hitler's "Mein Kampf": 1922-1945 . 2nd updated edition. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-486-70533-1 , p. 13 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  25. ↑ Eberhard Jäckel, Ellen Latzin: Hitler, Adolf: Mein Kampf, 1925/26. In: Historical Lexicon of Bavaria . July 21, 2017, accessed March 10, 2018 . See Adolf Hitler: Mein Kampf . In: Deutsches Historisches Museum (based on Kindler's new literary lexicon . Munich 1988–1992).
  26. ↑ Othmar Plöckinger: History of a book. Adolf Hitler's "Mein Kampf" 1922-1945 . 1st edition. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2006, ISBN 978-3-486-57956-7 . Othmar Plöckinger: History of a book: Adolf Hitler's "Mein Kampf": 1922–1945 . 2nd updated edition. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-486-70533-1 . Part I: History of origin. Part II: Publication History. Part III: Reception history.

  27. ↑ Review on http://hsozkult.geschichte.hu-berlin.de./
  28. ↑ a b Cf. the discussion of the execution of Hitler. In: Frankfurter Zeitung. November 11, 1925.
  29. ↑ spiegel.de August 25, 2008: "Mein Kampf": Myth of slackers.
  30. ↑ Plöckinger, p. 184.
  31. ↑ Othmar Plöckinger: History of a book. Adolf Hitler's "Mein Kampf" 1922-1945 . 1st edition. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2006, ISBN 978-3-486-57956-7 , p. 419 ff .
  32. ↑ Signed copy of Adolf Hitler's Mein Kampf for sale ( en ) Telegraph.co.uk. July 27, 2009. Retrieved October 24, 2009.
  33. ↑ Signed copy of Adolf Hitler's 'Mein Kampf' sells at auction ( en ) Telegraph.co.uk. August 13, 2009. Retrieved October 24, 2009.
  34. ^ A b Dietrich Müller: Book review in the political context of National Socialism. Lines of development in reviewing in Germany before and after 1933. Dissertation, University of Mainz 2008, p. 44 (online: urn : nbn: de: hebis: 77-19345 ; PDF; 4.3 MB).
  35. ^ Dietrich Müller: Book review in the political context of National Socialism. Lines of development in reviews in Germany before and after 1933. Dissertation, University of Mainz 2008, p. 45 (online: urn : nbn: de: hebis: 77-19345 ; PDF; 4.3 MB).
  36. ↑ a b cf. the overview in Dietrich Müller: Book review in the political context of National Socialism. Lines of development in reviewing in Germany before and after 1933. Dissertation, University of Mainz 2008, p. 211 (online: urn : nbn: de: hebis: 77-19345 ; PDF; 4.3 MB).
  37. ^ Dietrich Müller: Book review in the political context of National Socialism. Lines of development in reviewing in Germany before and after 1933. Dissertation, University of Mainz 2008, p. 46 (online: urn : nbn: de: hebis: 77-19345 , PDF ( Memento from July 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) 4.3 MB ).
  38. ↑ See Adam Tooze: The Wages of Destruction - The Making & Breaking of the Nazi Economy. London 2007, p. 13.
  39. ↑ See Walter Mehring's ironic review in Die Weltbühne of October 1, 1930, p. 507 f., And Heinz Horn: Hitler's German. In: Die Weltbühne , Vol. 28, 1932, Issue 40, October 4, 1932, pp. 500–502 ( online PDF; 49 MB).
  40. ^ Dietrich Müller: Book review in the political context of National Socialism. Lines of development in reviews in Germany before and after 1933. Dissertation, University of Mainz 2008, p. 49 (online: urn : nbn: de: hebis: 77-19345 ; PDF; 4.3 MB).
  41. ↑ Roman Töppel: "People and Race". Tracking down Hitler's sources. In: Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte 64 (2016), issue 1, pp. 1–35, here p. 4 (accessed via De Gruyter Online).
  42. ↑ Christian Klösch u. a. (Ed.): Against racial hatred and human misery. Irene Harand, the life and work of an unusual resistance fighter . Studien-Verlag, Innsbruck 2004, ISBN 3-7065-1918-6 .
  43. ↑ On this Rudolf M. Littauer : The Copyright in Hitler's “Mein Kampf”. In: Intellectual property 5, 1939/1940, p. 57 ff .; Simon Apel, Matthias Wießner: The magazine "Intellectual Property - Copyright - La Propriété Intellectuelle" (1935-1940). In: Journal for Intellectual Property 2, 2010, Issue 1, pp. 89, 97 f .; Katharina de la Durantaye: Hitler's "Mein Kampf" and the copyright protection of works of stateless people. In: Kirsten Inger Wöhrn u. a .: Festschrift for Artur-Axel Wandtke. Berlin u. a. 2013, pp. 319-330.
  44. ↑ a b Political Issue; How France deals with “Mein Kampf”. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, February 15, 2012, accessed on February 15, 2012 .
  45. ↑ Othmar Plöckinger: History of a book. Adolf Hitler's "Mein Kampf" 1922-1945 . 1st edition. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2006, ISBN 978-3-486-57956-7 , p. 555 ff .
  46. ↑ Hubert Wolf: Pope and Devil - The Archives of the Vatican and the Third Reich. CH Beck Verlag, Munich 2008, ISBN 3-406-57742-3 , chapter Hitler's "Mein Kampf" in the sights of the Roman religious guards , p. 285ff.
  47. ↑ D. Cameron Watt: Introduction , in: Adolf Hitler: Mein Kampf. Pimlico, London 1997, p. XXVII.
  48. ↑ James Murphy; published by Hurst & Blackett (London, New York, Melbourne).
  49. ↑ Mein Kampf: An Unexpurgated Digest. Translated with critical comments by BD Shaw. Political Digest Press, New York 1939 ( archive.org ).
  50. ↑ Swords to plowshares, cannons to letters: Matthias Warkus. Retrieved January 25, 2019 .
  51. ↑ Bayerischer Rundfunk: Medienkompetenz - Episode 2: Print Media - Use and Gaining Information. In: br.de. January 30, 2012, accessed January 19, 2016 .
  52. ↑ Michael Brenner: Opinion: Hitler with footnotes. In: Jüdische Allgemeine. Central Council of Jews in Germany Kdö.R, May 3, 2012, accessed on January 19, 2016 .
  53. ↑ Nazi literature: There is no prohibition . In: Der Spiegel . No. 46 , 1954, pp. 13-14 ( online ).
  54. ↑ Winston Churchill: The Second World War. Volume 1, Houghton Mifflin Books, 1986, p. 50. In the original: “Here was the new Koran of faith and war: turgid, verbose, shapeless, but pregnant with its message.”
  55. ↑ Süddeutsche Zeitung, April 12, 2013, p. 13.
  56. ↑ newstatesman.com ( Memento June 5, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  57. ↑ a b c Monty Munford: Indian business students snap up copies of Mein Kampf . In: Telegraph.co.uk , April 20, 2009, accessed October 24, 2009. See “Mein Kampf” as a bestseller. Hitler as a «management guru» in India . In: 20 Minuten online , April 26, 2009, accessed October 24, 2009.
  58. ^ Zubair Ahmed: Hitler memorabilia 'attracts young Indians'. BBC.co.uk, June 15, 2010, accessed June 18, 2010 .
  59. ^ Märkische Allgemeine Zeitung, January 29, 2004.
  60. ↑ Mein Kampf sales soar in Turkey. The Guardian , March 29, 2005, archived from the original on March 30, 2005 ; accessed on March 24, 2016 .
  61. ↑ Sibylle Ahlers: Right-wing extremism: Turkey forbids Adolf Hitler's “Mein Kampf”. Die Welt , August 23, 2007, accessed March 7, 2016 .
  62. ↑ Jan Keetman: Turkey: Appeal to the social envy. WOZ. The weekly newspaper, April 14, 2005, accessed on March 7, 2016 .
  63. ^ Märkische Allgemeine Zeitung, July 20, 2005.
  64. ↑ full text
  65. ↑ dejure.org
  66. ↑ Press release of the OLG.
  67. ^ Märkische Allgemeine Zeitung , March 2, 2005.
  68. ^ Italian newspaper: Hitler "Mein Kampf" as a supplement. Handelsblatt , June 11, 2016, accessed on June 11, 2016 .
  69. ↑ Daniel Erk: Your lollipop! In: Hitler blog. November 23, 2009, archived from the original on March 7, 2016 ; accessed on March 7, 2016 .
  70. ↑ Danielle Demetriou: Manga version of Hitler's 'Mein Kampf' a hit in Japan. Telegraph.co.uk, September 30, 2009, accessed March 7, 2016 .
  71. ↑ After decades in the poison cabinet: The historical-critical edition is coming! Assembly. titanic-magazin.de, August 9, 2009, accessed on March 7, 2016 .
  72. ↑ a b Klaus Wiegrefe : Hitler's estate. Der Spiegel, December 22, 2011, accessed on April 3, 2016 (52/2001).
  73. ↑ Süddeutsche Zeitung , August 24, 2007, p. 11.
  74. ↑ Publication prohibited. «Newspaper witnesses»: the fight for «Mein Kampf». Augsburger Allgemeine, January 25, 2012, accessed April 3, 2016 .
  75. ^ Distribution of annotated excerpts from Hitler's "Mein Kampf" prohibited. Planned publication not covered by the right to quote. www.kostenlose-urteile.de, January 25, 2012, accessed on April 3, 2016 .
  76. ^ Matthias Gretzschel: Commented Hitler reprint: Completely fogged. Hamburger Abendblatt , January 27, 2012, p. 18 , accessed on April 3, 2016 .
  77. ↑ Federal Court of Justice, judgment of July 25, 1979 - 3 StR 182/79 (S); BGHSt 29, 73 ff .; Schönke / Schröder / Sternberg-Lieben, StGB commentary, § 86 Rn. 3.
  78. ↑ Ref .: 3 StR 182/79 (S). (PDF) Federal Court of Justice, July 25, 1979, archived from the original on April 21, 2016 ; Retrieved July 25, 1979 (full text).
  79. ↑ BAnz AT 02.26.2018 B4
  80. ↑ Hitler's "Mein Kampf": Between Criticism and Propaganda. Stern.de, April 25, 2008, archived from the original on September 17, 2011 ; Retrieved April 3, 2016 .
  81. ↑ Toralf Staud: Do laws help against “Mein Kampf”? December 14, 2015, accessed on April 3, 2016 (interview with Christian Bickenbach, law professor at the University of Potsdam).
  82. ↑ new germany (supplement), November 1, 2017.
  83. ↑ Melissa Eddy: “Mein Kampf”, Hitler's Manifesto, returns to German Shelves. New York Times online, January 8, 2016, accessed April 1, 2016 .
  84. ↑ NN: L'Allemagne réédite "Mein Kampf" malgré la polémique. le Monde online, January 8, 2016, accessed April 1, 2016 (French, with video).
  85. ↑ Alison Smale : Scholars unveiled new edition of Hitler's 'Mein Kampf'. New York Times, December 1, 2015, accessed April 1, 2016 .
  86. ↑ Sven Felix Kellerhoff: It's that easy to understand Hitler's mad world. Die Welt , January 8, 2016, accessed March 7, 2016 .
  87. ↑ Critical edition of “Mein Kampf” presented in Aachen. Aachener Zeitung, June 20, 2017, accessed on October 8, 2017 .
  88. ↑ "Mein Kampf" - Hitler's Renaissance. Kölner Stadtanzeiger, May 16, 2016, archived from the original on June 10, 2016 ; accessed on May 16, 2016 .
  89. ^ Hype about Hitler's "Mein Kampf": The hate speech is a hit. BR, February 27, 2016, accessed on August 21, 2019 .
  90. ↑ We don't cut corners. boersenblatt.net, May 16, 2016, accessed on March 23, 2016 .
  91. ↑ Hitler, Mein Kampf - A Critical Edition. book report, accessed on March 23, 2016 .
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  93. ↑ a b c d e Interview with Horst Möller. Should one edit “Mein Kampf”? In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung No. 162, July 16, 2007, p. 33.
  94. ^ A b c Bernhard Gotto: Institute for Contemporary History Munich-Berlin for a scientific edition of Hitler's "Mein Kampf". IfZ press release. July 27, 2009, archived from the original on July 30, 2012 ; Retrieved July 27, 2009 .
  95. ↑ See e.g. B. Berthold Seewald: Change of heart. Bavarian minister welcomes "Mein Kampf" edition . In: Die Welt , June 30, 2009. Romanus Otte: National Socialism: The farce about Adolf Hitler's book "Mein Kampf" . In: Die Welt , April 27, 2008. Franziska Augstein: Debate on “Mein Kampf”. Hitler for everyone ( Memento from August 27, 2009 in the Internet Archive ). In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , April 24, 2008.
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  103. ↑ Adolf Hitler's pamphlet remains banned in Germany. spiegel.de, June 26, 2014, accessed on August 8, 2014 .
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