Blood and Honor

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Blood and Honor logo with triskele

Blood and Honor (English for Blood and Honor is) a right-wing extremist network that has made it among others the task of neo-Nazi to coordinate bands together and the National Socialist spread ideology. It can be assumed that there will be up to 10,000 members worldwide. With Combat 18 there is an "armed arm" of Blood and Honor, which is mainly active in Great Britain and Scandinavia, but also has supporters in Germany. Blood and Honor has been banned in Germany since 2000.

origin

Ian Stuart Donaldson , singer of the RAC band Skrewdriver , founded the network with Nicola Vincenzio "Nicky" Crane in the UK in the 1980s . Therefore, the network uses the British spelling Honor and not the American variant Honor . Since then, people from the Blood and Honor environment have been particularly active in the mostly conspiratorial organization of concerts and in the production and distribution of sound carriers with right-wing extremist content. A series of samplers of the same name also appeared . Donaldson also revisited the Ku Klux Klan's key concept of white power .

In 1988 Donaldson founded the neo-Nazi network Storm . After Donaldson's death, the network was still active in Austria, Switzerland and Hungary. The Storm network maintained contact with the Swedish terrorist group Vit Ariskt Mostand ("White Aryan Resistance").

There are writings by Blood and Honor with the names The Way Forward and Field Manual , which provide a hierarchy-free and cell-oriented organization for attacks on migrants and dissenters in order to terrify them.

There are now Blood and Honor Divisions in many European countries as well as in the USA and Australia. In Budapest ( Hungary ), for example, the Day of Honor has been held annually for over ten years . The network was banned in Russia in 2012.

The words blood and honor were on the airspeed indicators of the Hitler Youth engraved. One of the Nuremberg Race Laws was officially called the Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor . A similar word formula used by the Nazis, “ My honor means loyalty ”, was the slogan of the SS .

The symbol of Blood and Honor is a kind of triskele , which is based on the logo and the colors of the African resistance movement active from the 1970s to 1990s - a right-wing extremist, racist and suprematist group in apartheid South Africa - and associatively the swastika as a symbol of National Socialism suggests. The scene code for Blood and Honor is 28 (numerical value of the letters B and H).

Germany

The Germany division was established in Berlin in 1994 . In Germany there have been 20 sections over the years. In Bavaria, Bernd Peruch , known as "Pernod", was one of the leading blood and honor activists. Thomas Starke was the head of Blood and Honor Chemnitz and Jan W. headed the Sachsen group. There was a fixed membership structure in the six years before the ban. Newcomers were given a trial period of at least six months and were only allowed to join from the age of 21. The German network published a fanzine called Blood & Honor , in which all German sections participated.

music

The first concerts were held from 1995. Blood and Honor served to “raise and dominate a million dollar business - music, concerts, adventure world” and “to start a race war, a terrorism from the right”.

Active bands in the network were or are, among others, Landser , SKD , Spreegeschwader , Nahkampf , Oidoxie , Weisse Wölfe and Noie values . Also included are Radikahl , Faustrecht from the Allgäu and the Hate Society , in which Matthias Fischer from the Franconian Action Front, which has been banned since 2004, was the drummer (according to the final report of the Bavarian Committee of Inquiry into Right-Wing Terrorism in Bavaria - NSU ).

Autonomous cells

The other goal was to create a network of micro-terrorist groups modeled on Combat 18 , the military, radical arm of Blood and Honor that was directly blamed for terrorist attacks. Blood and Honor sought as a model the strategy of a “leaderless partisan struggle”. A bourgeois existence should form the basis in order to be able to operate from the hidden. Arms should be procured abroad. According to the Blood and Honor fanzines, the enemy was “stinking Arabs and Jews”. According to the book Weapons Republic of Germany , published in 2009, members from the environment of the network are said to have held paramilitary exercises and training.

Ban 2000

In September 2000 the German division was banned, as was its youth organization White Youth , which was formed in 1997, but is still active under the new name Division 28 . Before 2000, the name Blood and Honor was hardly mentioned in reports by the Bavarian Office for the Protection of the Constitution.

Proximity to the NSU

In September 1998, the LKA Thuringia counted Beate Zschäpe , Uwe Mundlos and Uwe Böhnhardt , who later committed murders, attacks and bank robberies as the National Socialist underground , "to the core of the blood-and-honor movement" in Jena . Jan W., who headed the Blood and Honor Chapter in Saxony, is said to have agreed, according to the Brandenburg Constitutional Protection , to provide money for weapons. A former friend of Beate Zschäpe and deputy head of the Saxony chapter, Thomas S., is said to have organized explosives for the NSU terrorists, provided them with accommodation and advised them on contacting other neo-Nazi groups. Mandy Struck, an activist close to Blood and Honor, accommodated them in the apartment of their friend Thomas Richter alias Corelli at Chemnitz Friedrich-Viertel-Straße 85 shortly after they went underground in 1998. But also in Lower Saxony there were connections between the local blood and honor scene and the NSU network. According to ZDF-heute, 20 people from the NSU's environment belong to the German Blood and Honor network. There should also be at least five informants among them.

After the ban in 2000

Since the ban, there have been more than 20 preliminary investigations into the continuation of the organization. After the prohibition of Blood and Honor in Germany, Hammerskins are increasingly trying to establish themselves as a right-wing extremist music and concert organization, with some jointly organized concerts.

In 2003 a Blood & Honor CD was released, on which numerous Thuringian neo-Nazi bands were represented, with the title Despite Ban not dead .

Since 2002, under the name Rock für Deutschland , neo-Nazi events with festival character have taken place annually in Gera , East Thuringia , at which speakers from the spectrum of the National Democratic Party of Germany and the so-called Free Comradeships, as well as several right-wing rock bands and songwriters , who have connections to Blood, appear -and-Honor Network.

The Festival of Nations has been taking place in Thuringia at irregular intervals since 2005 . It's a big right-wing rock festival organized by the NPD . Several leading representatives of right-wing extremist organizations from all over Europe and many bands almost exclusively from Blood and Honor took part in the events .

On November 13, 2005, Spiegel TV and subsequently numerous national media reported on a neo-Nazi concert organized by Norman Bordin in Mitterskirchen , Bavaria , which had been officially registered as an NPD party event, but which was backed by Blood and Honor. During the concert, the bands also played forbidden songs by the neo-Nazi band Landser and publicly encouraged crimes. The concert in October 2005 was a major trigger for the nationwide raids against the existing Blood and Honor structures in early March 2006.

In February 2007, several high-ranking officials of the NPD , including Udo Voigt and Eckart Bräuniger , took part in an international neo-Nazi meeting organized by the Hungarian branch of Blood and Honor . Among other things, the festival was supported by Ralf Wohlleben , Thorsten Heise took over the concept for the so-called "Eichsfelder Heimattag".

At the end of August 2008, anti-fascist activists obtained a copy of one of the international Blood and Honor forums . The files and the database were published with all public and hidden forums, personal messages, photos and attachments of the 31,948 registered users via download address and file sharing . In the media this was described as a "heavy blow against the militant right-wing scene". In 2011, hackers from the Anonymous collective cracked Blood and Honor membership data and published members' names and postal addresses on the Internet.

In March 2013, a 41-year-old from Karlsruhe and a 37-year-old from Mannheim were sentenced to suspended sentences and fines. For years they had held right-wing rock concerts in the Rhine-Neckar region, in the southern Palatinate, and in the greater Karlsruhe area or abroad, where the network was not yet banned.

In November 2012, Claudia Schmid , head of the Berlin Office for the Protection of the Constitution, had to vacate her post due to the destruction of files related to Blood and Honor. In July 2010 - before the NSU became known in November 2011 - documents were destroyed without being offered to the State Archives. Since the possibility of contact between NSU and Blood and Honor was raised in November 2012, it was a "regrettable oversight," said Schmid. Schmid resigned from office immediately after the announcement of the destruction of the files. In 2013, the Berlin Office for the Protection of the Constitution reconstructed 158 files out of 214 that had been destroyed without any reference to NSU being found.

The Thuringian Ministry of the Interior registered a continuation of the prohibited organization in the state in 2013. Despite the ban, a total of 43 incidents had become known by 2012. The Bavarian State Office for the Protection of the Constitution also registered activity in Bavaria in 2017.

In May 2017 it became known that Germany boss Stephan Lange, known by Blood and Honor and called “Pin” or “Pinocchio” among terrorists, was an undercover agent for the protection of the constitution , according to the Berliner Zeitung . Accordingly, a representative of the Cologne Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution (BfV) has confirmed the V-Mann activity in the secret parliamentary control body of the Bundestag. Shortly before, several ARD magazines had reported that the ex-head of the organization had been spying for the protection of the constitution in the 1990s. He was mediated by the Berlin police. Berlin's Senator for the Interior, Andreas Geisel , initially rejected the reports. "According to the current state of knowledge, nothing speaks in favor of this finding," Geisel said on May 18, 2017. According to the newspaper, Stephan Lange worked with the BfV from at least 2002 until 2010 at the latest under the code name "Nias". In the NSU trial in Munich, eight co-plaintiffs demanded the summons of the undercover agents of the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution, who are said to have led Stephan Lange, as witnesses. L. himself was not questioned about this when he testified before the court. The application has yet to be decided.

Austria

In Austria in 2003 there were activists in Vienna , Tyrol and Vorarlberg who worked with German activists, among others.

Bulgaria

In Bulgaria which was based in November 2013 Nationalist Party of Bulgaria . Members are National Resistance, the Bulgarian National Radical Party, the local branch of Blood and Honor and other informal groups.

Canada

Blood & Honor and its armed Arm Combat 18 were placed on the Canadian Terrorist List in 2019. It was the first time the country put right-wing extremist organizations on its terrorist list.

Spain

The Spanish section of Blood and Honor was founded as an association on December 22, 1999. The section repeatedly organized concerts in Spain. Members of the organization competed for the Movimiento Social Republicano (MSR) party . During a concert near Madrid in 2005 there was a large-scale police raid during which propaganda material and weapons were confiscated. The groups Section 88 ( United Kingdom ), Estandarte 88 (Spain) and Faustrecht (Germany) played at the event . The homes of Blood and Honor members were then searched and weapons were found. In 2010, the 3rd Chamber of the Provincial Court in Madrid banned the organization and imposed prison sentences of up to three and a half years for 14 members of the organization. The ban and sentences were upheld by the Supreme Court in June 2011.

Hungary

There is also an offshoot of the network in Hungary.

Movie

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Frederik Obermaier , Tanjev Schultz: Neo-Nazis celebrate “Day of Honor” . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , February 11, 2013. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
  2. ↑ analysis & criticism : Blood & Honor continues as Combat 18 - Despite the ban, the international music network is active in Germany , No. 478, November 21, 2003
  3. ↑ a b Nazi network “Storm” closely linked to “Blood and Honor” . derstandard.at, January 30, 2002.
  4. ↑ NSU track leads to Dortmund's neo-Nazi scene . derwesten.de, February 17, 2013.
  5. ↑ Away from the Reich: Europe rocks! sueddeutsche.de, May 19, 2010. Retrieved May 29, 2013.
  6. ↑ Twilight in every corner . jungle-world.com, February 21, 2013. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
  7. ↑ Frank Huber, Thomas Kuban : “Europe rocks völkisch!” How neo-Nazis propagate their ideology across Europe with music and recruit young people . Right-wing extremism dossier from the Federal Agency for Civic Education , September 6, 2007. Accessed November 6, 2013.
  8. ↑ Russian Supreme Court Bans Blood & Honor (English). en.rian.ru, May 29, 2012. Accessed February 27, 2013.
  9. ^ Blood & Honor "movement ( memento from February 1, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) verassungsschutz.bayern.de, September 14, 2000.
  10. ↑ Nazi Terror: The Forgotten Victims (PDF; 1.6 MB). haskala.de, March 5, 2013.
  11. ^ Right-wing extremist network "Blood & Honor": "Everyone fought against everyone" spiegel.de, May 7, 2013.
  12. ^ "Blood & Honor" movement ( Memento from February 1, 2014 in the Internet Archive ). Verassungsschutz.bayern.de, September 14, 2000.
  13. ↑ a b c Final report of the NSU committee of inquiry in the Bavarian state parliament ( Memento from February 1, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  14. ^ Neo-Nazis under arms: terror trio presumably trained to be paramilitary . new-deutschland.de, November 22, 2011.
  15. ↑ Blood and Honor . taz.de, April 7, 2012.
  16. ↑ Maik Baumgärtner, Jörg Diehl: Right-wing extremist network "Blood & Honor": "Everyone fought against everyone". In: Spiegel Online . May 7, 2013, accessed May 8, 2013 .
  17. ↑ Mundlos: A "doer" in the neo-Nazi network ( Memento from June 8, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  18. ↑ Rest room for right-wing extremists . taz.de, September 5, 2012.
  19. ^ NSU: And again and again Hanover . ndr.de, December 16, 2013.
  20. ↑ Arsonist on behalf of the state? Subtitles: "V-people and right-wing terror" Rainer Fromm , Elmar Theveßen , May 14, 2013, ZDFinfo . Description in: press portal . Watch it on youtube
  21. ↑ Hellmuth Vensky: The underground neo-Nazis. In: Zeit Online . February 1, 2013, accessed May 8, 2013 .
  22. ↑ Anti-fascist information sheet : International hatred. The Hammerskins Network. No. 97, Winter 2012, pp. 22–26
  23. ^ With an eagle swooping fr-online.de, April 11, 2013.
  24. ↑ Supporters of banned neo-Nazi organization Blood & Honor in Thuringia still active ( Memento from July 1, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ). jenapolis.de , February 6, 2012. Accessed June 10, 2018.
  25. ↑ Till Grefe: Get off the playground . In: Jungle World , July 1, 2010.
  26. ^ Prohibited organization: NPD organized concert with "Blood and Honor" . In: Spiegel Online , November 12, 2005.
  27. ^ Redok : "Blood and Honor": The NPD among friends ( Memento from February 1, 2014 in the Internet Archive ). February 21, 2007
  28. ↑ Patrick Gensing: The brown puller ; ( Memento of May 23, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) publikative.org, November 29, 2011
  29. ↑ Heise wants to establish a right-wing rock festival . publikative.org , February 6, 2012. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
  30. ↑ Bernhard Frevel, Michaela Wendekamm: Security Production Between State, Market and Civil Society, Springer-Verlag, 2016, p. 192 [1]
  31. ↑ n-tv : Access to B&H server - Nazi network cracked . August 30, 2008
    Heise online : Datenantifa puts the closed forum of a neo-Nazi network online . 30.. August 2008
    databases confiscated - datenantifa hits international music network , letter of confession on Indymedia Germany, 29 August 2008
  32. ^ Right-wing extremist association "Blood & Honor" ignores the ban . badische-zeitung.de, November 30, 2011. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
  33. ^ Claudia Schmid: Destroyed other files at the Berlin Office for the Protection of the Constitution . Morgenpost.de, November 13, 2012.
  34. ↑ Shredded without consequences? taz.de, April 9, 2013.
  35. ↑ "Blood & Honor" still active in Thuringia . tlz.de, May 3, 2013. Retrieved May 19, 2013.
  36. ^ Alf Meier, Bayerischer Rundfunk: Neo-Nazi network in Bavaria: "Blood and Honor" active despite the ban | BR.de . March 23, 2017 ( br.de [accessed March 24, 2017]).
  37. ↑ http://www.tagesschau.de/inland/blood-and-honour-103.html May 16, 2017
  38. ^ Julia Jüttner: NSU trial: Zschäpe's mother has to appear again in court. In: Spiegel Online . May 17, 2017. Retrieved June 9, 2018 .
  39. ↑ As such, he had received the prohibition order of September 14, 2000
  40. ↑ online, according to n-tv
  41. ↑ Der Spiegel, May 17, 2017, previous link
  42. ^ Bulgarians Alert Chief Prosecutor over Brand New Neo-Nazi Party . novinite.com from November 13, 2013.
  43. ↑ Canada puts right-wing extremist groups on the terror list for the first time - derStandard.at. Retrieved on August 4, 2019 (Austrian German).
  44. ^ Horst Freires: Criminal Association. In: look to the right . July 8, 2010, accessed July 10, 2010 .
  45. ^ El Público: El Supremo ordena a la organización 'Blood and Honor' que se disuelva. El Público, June 8, 2011, accessed October 12, 2011 .
  46. ^ Hungarian neo-Nazis plan a tour of Bavaria . ( Memento from October 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) br.de from August 11, 2015.
  47. ↑ White Terror in the Internet Movie Database (English)