Uwe Mundlos

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Uwe Mundlos (born August 11, 1973 in Jena ; † November 4, 2011 in Eisenach ) was a German neo-Nazi , right- wing terrorist and serial killer . Together with Uwe Böhnhardt and Beate Zschäpe, he formed the core of the National Socialist Underground (NSU) terror group from 1998 to 2011 , which was responsible for ten murders, 43 attempted murders, three explosive attacks and fifteen robberies across Germany. He died allegedly of suicide after a bank robbery and subsequent discovery by the police .

Life

Childhood and youth in Jena

Jena-Winzerla (2007)

Uwe Mundlos grew up in order in Jena . He had a disabled brother. His mother was a saleswoman, his father Siegfried Mundlos was a mathematician at the University of Jena and, since the early 1990s, has been a computer science professor at the Jena University of Applied Sciences .

The parents' apartment was in a prefabricated building on Max-Steenbeck-Straße in the Winzerla district of Jena . Mundlos was a member of the Thälmann Pioneers and the Free German Youth FDJ (1987). Until the summer of 1989 he attended the polytechnic high school POS Magnus Poser . Mundlos had good school grades, especially the science subjects were easy for him. After Mundlos left school after the tenth grade, he trained as a data processing clerk at Carl Zeiss . Later he tried to catch up on the Abitur at the Ilmenau College .

Thuringian neo-Nazi scene

During the GDR era , Mundlos became a right-wing extremist skinhead . From 1988 he came to school with “short-cropped hair and combat boots ”, and after the fall of the Wall he became more and more radical. In September 1991 the “Winzerclub” opened, a meeting point for young people that became the focal point of the Jena neo-Nazi scene. Here Mundlos met regularly with the later NSU members and supporters Uwe Böhnhardt , Beate Zschäpe , Ralf Wohlleben , Holger Gerlach and André Kapke and formed the Jena comradeship , of which he was deputy leader. "His worldview was shaped by National Socialism and the adoration of Rudolf Hess ."

Mundlos plunged further and further into the scene: He attended skinhead concerts, took part in Rudolf Hess memorial marches and an NPD demonstration. He was also friends with members of Blood and Honor and was active in the Aid Organization for National Political Prisoners and Their Relatives (HNG). Together with his friends Uwe Böhnhardt and Beate Zschäpe, he was part of the hard core of the Anti-Antifa East Thuringia and Thuringian Homeland Security from 1995 . Mundlos published articles in a right-wing extremist scene magazine, which he signed with the pseudonym "Uwe UngeZOGen", and with this capitalization took up the anti-Semitic conspiracy myth of the Zionist Occupied Government (ZOG), according to which governments were guided and manipulated by Jews from the background.

On June 29, 1995, the Chemnitz District Court sentenced him to 20 daily rates of 30 DM each for “producing and stocking the marks of unconstitutional organizations ” . On November 1, 1996, he received a dismissal at the memorial of the Buchenwald concentration camp because he and Uwe Böhnhardt the terrain in SA had entered -like uniform.

Mundlos is said to have had a network of nationwide contacts to neo-Nazi groups as early as the mid-1990s.

Military service and MAD contact

From April 5, 1994 to March 31, 1995, Uwe Mundlos served as a basic military service provider in the Bundeswehr with the 381 Panzer Grenadier Battalion in the Kyffhäuser barracks in Bad Frankenhausen . There he continued his right-wing extremist activities and attracted attention, among other things, for singing right-wing extremist songs. His company commander requested disciplinary detention for seven days. a. because Mundlos "had a personal visiting card with the head of Adolf Hitler and a picture of Hitler's deputy Rudolf Hess with him". Mundlos was taken into custody, officials searched his apartment and discovered 15 cassettes with right-wing extremist music and leaflets from the NPD. In the opinion of the first chamber of the Troop Service Court in Kassel, this was "neither a criminal offense nor an offense of a service offense ". The arrest was refused.

At the same time, the Military Intelligence Service (MAD) listed Mundlos as a suspect. In March 1995 he was interrogated by the MAD and asked "if he could imagine reporting dates that had become known to him for attacks on asylum seekers' homes to the police or the constitutional protection authorities". Mouthlessly said no. The MAD kept an observation file about the contacts with Mundlos, which was duly destroyed 15 years after the end of his military service. The process only became known in September 2012 at the request of the MP Hans-Christian Ströbele in the NSU investigation committee of the Bundestag and caused a scandal because the Defense Ministry and head of department Thomas de Maizière had known about the existence of the documents for a long time. The file was initially untraceable.

Despite his anti-constitutional sentiments, Mundlos was promoted from the German Armed Forces to private and upon retirement to corporal of the reserve . He was also trained in weapons: the assault rifle and machine gun and the Walther P1 . Mundlos had "performed well" as a gunner and assistant to the company troop leader, according to a certificate at the end of his military service. The Bundeswehr certified him as “satisfactory” for his leadership.

Bomb construction in Jena

Uwe Mundlos and his friends Böhnhardt and Zschäpe attracted attention from the mid-1990s through a large number of communal neo-Nazi activities and increasing militancy . On November 9, 1996, the commemoration day of the November pogroms in 1938 , hand axes , batons , a gas pistol , a throwing star , combat knife , an air pistol and a poster with a Wehrmacht motif were found in her car .

  • On October 6, 1996, a wooden box with a painted swastika and a dummy bomb was found in the Ernst Abbe Stadium of FC Carl Zeiss Jena .
  • At the turn of the year 1996/1997, the Jena police station, the Jena Ordnungsamt and the local editorial staff of the Thuringian regional newspaper received dummy letter bombs .
  • On September 2, 1997, children found a suitcase on the Jenaer Theaterplatz with two swastikas attached to it with a spray stencil. There was a metal pipe in the case with a small amount of TNT . The bomb was non-ignitable and matched the stadium bomb.
  • On December 26, 1997, strollers discovered a suitcase with a painted swastika at the memorial for Magnus Poser in the Jena North Cemetery, which was also assigned to Mundlos, Böhnhardt and Zschäpe in retrospect. Poser was shot in the Buchenwald concentration camp in 1944 and was the namesake of Uwe Mundlos' school.

On January 26, 1998, the apartments of Mundlos, Böhnhardt and Zschäpe as well as a Jena garage complex they used were searched by the Thuringian State Criminal Police Office . Four sharp pipe bombs , 1.4 kilograms of TNT explosives and Nazi propaganda material were found. The plasticine found in the garage was identical to the plasticine from the Theaterplatz bomb. On January 28, the Gera public prosecutor issued an arrest warrant . The public prosecutor's office in Gera discontinued the criminal proceedings against Mundlos in 2003 due to the statute of limitations - the public prosecutor's office in Jena had applied for a search in 2000.

National Socialist Underground

On January 26, 1998, two days before the arrest warrant was issued, Mundlos, Böhnhardt and Zschäpe had gone underground . Until their self-exposure in November 2011, they could count on a network of old acquaintances from the neo-Nazi scene, which they supported with apartments, weapons, money and official documents. Mundlos, nicknamed Max , used Max-Florian B.'s identity card to have a false passport issued and had his birth certificate . Despite numerous findings and extensive searches by the Thuringian State Criminal Police Office and the Office for the Protection of the Constitution, the trio could not be caught.

Example of the murder weapon used in the series of murders, a CZ 83 in caliber 7.65 mm, but here without a barrel thread for a silencer

After going into hiding, Mundlos, Böhnhardt and Zschäpe agreed that, as the National Socialist underground, “by assassination attempts on 'enemies of the German people' such as residents of Turkish origin and representatives of the ruling order such as police officers ... to create a climate of uncertainty” in order to prepare for a system change. The terror trio committed "the biggest and bloodiest series of crimes since the attacks by the Red Army Faction ":

  • Between September 9, 2000 and April 6, 2006, Uwe Mundlos and Uwe Böhnhardt murdered eight small entrepreneurs of Turkish origin and one of Greek origin (→ Ceska series of murders ).
  • The bomb attack on a Cologne grocery store in January 2001 is also attributed to them.
  • On June 9, 2004, they injured 22 people in a nail bomb attack on Keupstrasse in Cologne .
  • On April 25, 2007, they shot and killed the policewoman Michèle Kiesewetter while killing a police officer in Heilbronn , and her colleague was seriously injured.
  • Between October 6, 1999 and November 4, 2011, they carried out 15 bank robberies in Chemnitz , Zwickau , Stralsund , Arnstadt and Eisenach (see NSU crimes ).

They used mountain bikes and rented mobile homes for their deeds .

In May 2008, the trio moved into their last conspiratorial apartment at Frühlingsstrasse 26 in the Weißenborn district of Zwickau, which the neo-Nazi Matthias D. had rented. Once a year Uwe Mundlos reimbursed him for the cost of landline and internet connections, Lisa Pohl alias Beate Zschäpe paid the rent.

Suicide in Eisenach

On November 4, 2011, Uwe Böhnhardt and Uwe Mundlos attacked the Sparkasse branch on Nordplatz in Eisenach and stole 71,915 euros. They were watched during their escape, whereupon the police discovered a suspicious mobile home in which the bank robbers were hiding in the street Am Schafrain. After initially firing a shot at the police, they are said to have killed themselves. In this case, the reconstruction of the investigating authorities should, Uwe Mundlos with a Winchester - Pumpgun Uwe Böhnhardt with a potshot in the temple killed. He is then said to have set the escape vehicle on fire and shot himself in the mouth with the pump gun. The circumstances of death remained controversial for a long time (see the main article for details ).

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Gerhard Schäfer, Volkhard Wache, Gerhard Meiborg: Expert opinion on the behavior of the Thuringian authorities and public prosecutors in the persecution of the "Zwickau trio". (PDF; 1.7 MB) Free State of Thuringia, the Minister of the Interior, May 15, 2012, accessed on October 4, 2012 .
  2. ^ A b c d Christian Fuchs, John Goetz: The cell. Right-wing terror in Germany. Reinbek near Hamburg, 2012, p. 48 ff.
  3. ↑ a b Maik Baumgärtner, Marcus Böttcher: The Zwickauer Terror Trio. Events, scenes, backgrounds. Berlin 2012, p. 24
  4. ↑ Rainer Erb: The Zwickau Terror Trio. Brandenburg State Center for Civic Education, February 2012, accessed on October 4, 2012 .
  5. ↑ Matthias Quent, Jan Rathje: “From the Turner Diaries to Breivik to the NSU: Antisemitism and right-wing terrorism.” In: Samuel Salzborn (Ed.): Antisemitism since 9/11. Events, debates, controversies. Nomos, Baden-Baden 2019, p. 170
  6. ^ A b Thuringian State Office for the Protection of the Constitution: Findings on the people of Zschäpe, Beate; Böhnhardt, Uwe and Mundlos, Uwe. Summary for the Attorney General, Erfurt, November 30, 2011.
  7. ↑ Mundlos: A "doer" in the neo-Nazi network. Publikative.org on May 23, 2013, accessed May 24, 2013
  8. ↑ a b Satisfied with Soldier Mundlos: Bundeswehr did not care. In: n-tv , November 7, 2012.
  9. ↑ a b Dirk Liedtke: Uwe Mundlos - a German soldier. In: Stern.de , October 4, 2012.
  10. ↑ The secret service wanted to recruit neo-Nazis Mundlos. Der Spiegel, September 11, 2012, accessed October 4, 2012 .
  11. ↑ Secrecy of a MAD file triggers a scandal. German Bundestag, September 12, 2012, accessed on October 4, 2012 .
  12. ↑ De Maizière was informed about MAD contact with Mundlos early on. In: Die Zeit , September 12, 2012.
  13. ↑ Stefan Aust , Dirk Laabs : Heimatschutz. The state and the NSU series of murders. Pantheon Verlag Munich 2014, p. 129.
  14. ↑ Frank Döbert: From the beginnings of the right-wing radical bomb makers in Jena. In: otz.de. November 9, 2011, accessed December 17, 2012 .
  15. ↑ Christian Fuchs, John Goetz: The Cell - Right Terror in Germany . Rowohlt, Reinbek 2012, p. 19.
  16. ↑ Maik Baumgärtner, Marcus Böttcher: The Zwickauer Terror Trio. Events, scenes, backgrounds . Das Neue Berlin, Berlin 2012, p. 69.
  17. ↑ "Another breakdown of the authorities in the NSU search" . In: Der Tagesspiegel , February 12, 2013.
  18. ↑ Andrea Röpke: In the underground, but not alone. Federal Agency for Civic Education, April 2012, accessed on October 4, 2012 .
  19. ^ The network of right-wing terrorists. Die Welt, December 20, 2011, accessed October 4, 2012 .
  20. ↑ Maik Baumgärtner, Marcus Böttcher: The Zwickauer Terror Trio. Events, scenes, backgrounds. Das Neue Berlin, Berlin 2012, p. 211.
  21. ↑ Maik Baumgärtner, Marcus Böttcher: The Zwickauer Terror Trio. Events, scenes, backgrounds. Das Neue Berlin, Berlin 2012, p. 18.
  22. ↑ Maik Baumgärtner, Marcus Böttcher: The Zwickauer Terror Trio. Events, scenes, backgrounds. Das Neue Berlin, Berlin 2012, p. 177 ff.
  23. ↑ Maik Baumgärtner, Marcus Böttcher: The Zwickauer Terror Trio. Events, scenes, backgrounds. Das Neue Berlin, Berlin 2012, p. 182.
  24. ↑ Maik Baumgärtner, Marcus Böttcher: The Zwickauer Terror Trio. Events, scenes, backgrounds . Das Neue Berlin, Berlin 2012, pp. 20 ff.
  25. ↑ Christian Fuchs, John Goetz: The Cell - Right Terror in Germany . Rowohlt, Reinbek 2012, p. 231 ff.
  26. ↑ See for example Julia Jüttner: The National Socialist Underground. In: Andrea Röpke , Andreas Speit: Blood and Honor. Past and present of right wing violence in Germany. Ch. Links, Berlin 2013, pp. 61–93, here p. 62. On the question of whether Böhnhardt was a superimposed - "absolute" - or a "relative" close-up shot from a short distance, see Hans Leyendecker : Suicide of the right-wing terrorists Mundlos and Böhnhardt: puzzling last seconds in the mobile home. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , December 26, 2011
personal data
SURNAME Mouthless, Uwe
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German right-wing extremist and member of the National Socialist Underground
DATE OF BIRTH August 11, 1973
PLACE OF BIRTH Jena
DATE OF DEATH November 4, 2011
Place of death Eisenach