Uwe Böhnhardt

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Uwe Böhnhardt (born October 1, 1977 in Jena ; † November 4, 2011 in Eisenach ) was a German neo-Nazi , terrorist and serial killer . With Uwe Mundlos and Beate Zschäpe , he formed the core of the National Socialist Underground (NSU) terrorist group from 1998 to 2011 , which was responsible for ten murders, 43 attempted murders, three bomb attacks and fifteen robberies across Germany. After a bank robbery and the discovery by police Böhnhardt was allegedly shot dead by Mundlos before the suicide committed.

Childhood and youth

Böhnhardt, the son of a teacher and an engineer , was born as the youngest of three brothers and grew up in a prefabricated housing estate in Jena-Lobeda . In 1988 Böhnhardt's older brother died a few months before his 18th birthday when, according to his mother, he fell while climbing on a castle ruin. Passers-by found him lifeless on his parents' doorstep in Jena. Böhnhardt's parents state that the death severely traumatized the then 11-year-old Uwe Böhnhardt.

After German reunification , Böhnhardt became a right-wing extremist skinhead . Already in his teens, Böhnhardt displayed right-wing extremist, anti-Semitic and xenophobic sentiments and stayed around the right-wing extremist party NPD . In 1992, Böhnhardt became a criminal for the first time when he broke into a kiosk. Böhnhardt had to repeat the seventh grade and was taught in a learning support school for the 1992/1993 school year . There he was caught in a computer theft and expelled from school, which he left without a degree.

Offenses and convictions

In February 1993, 15-year-old Böhnhardt was sentenced to four months in prison without parole for several thefts and physical injuries , which he served in the Hohenleuben juvenile detention center . Another conviction followed in August 1993 for community theft, driving without a license, and resisting a law enforcement officer to one year and ten months in prison. The third conviction followed four months later: two years in prison for extortion and assault. In prison, he had himself tattooed and later told his parents about abuse by inmates.

From 1994 Böhnhardt attended the "Winzerclub", a youth club in Jena-Winzerla. There he met the NPD functionary Ralf Wohlleben and the right-wing extremist Uwe Mundlos, who was unemployed at the time, and his girlfriend at the time, Beate Zschäpe, who later became his accomplices. After a few months, Mundlos and Böhnhardt were banned from entering the youth club because of right-wing extremist statements. As early as 1995, the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution led Böhnhardt in an internal information system as a right-wing radical. The youth pastor Lothar König from Jena , who met Böhnhardt, described him as a fellow traveler who was Mundlos' sidekick.

In 1994 Mundlos was drafted into the German Armed Forces . Zschäpe, who remained in Jena, then began a relationship with Böhnhardt. The threes of Mundlos, Zschäpe and Böhnhardt attended right-wing concerts and took part in right-wing demonstrations in Dresden and Worms several times .

In 1995 Zschäpe and Böhnhardt allegedly desecrated the memorial for the victims of fascism in Rudolstadt . In the same year, Mundlos and Böhnhardt provoked by visiting the memorial on the site of the former Buchenwald concentration camp in SA- like brown uniforms.

In 1995/1996, Böhnhardt completed a year of vocational preparation at the Jena vocational training center in order to begin training as a building construction worker , which he completed with an overall grade of “good”.

In 1996, Böhnhardt hung a human-sized doll with a Star of David and the inscription "Caution bomb" on a motorway bridge on Autobahn 4 . Threatening with a nonexistent bomb resulted in the doll not being removed for hours. In December 1996 the proceedings against him were dropped in the second instance because of the incidents in Rudolstadt due to insignificance or lack of public interest. In the first instance, he was sentenced to two years and three months in prison.

In the spring of 1997 Böhnhardt was convicted for the fifth time for selling right-wing rock CDs and inciting people . In the same year, the sixth conviction followed for the doll on the highway bridge, to two years and three months in prison. Despite these new judgments, Böhnhardt did not have to go to prison again until he went into hiding in 1998.

In the late 1990s, Böhnhardt was a member of the right-wing organization Thuringian Homeland Security (THS), a reservoir for neo-Nazi groups. Together with Wohlleben and others, Böhnhardt, Mundlos and Zschäpe founded the Jena Comradeship , of which Böhnhardt was the deputy chairman. Until 1997, dummy bombs were found several times in Jena, which were allegedly laid by the trio.

Go underground

In the late 1990s, the trio was observed by the Thuringian Office for the Protection of the Constitution . On January 26, 1998, the police searched several properties in Jena, including the apartment of Uwe Böhnhardt's parents and their garage. Böhnhardt's computer was confiscated. Böhnhardt personally took the police officers to another garage that Beate Zschäpe had rented and drove away in his car before the officers even opened the garage. Pipe bombs, explosives and right-wing propaganda material were found in the garage. In Böhnhardt's room, police officers found 11 copied pages of interrogation protocols that were made in 1997. The protocols burdened Böhnhardt, André Kapke and others. The documents also made it clear that Tino Brandt was an undercover agent . It was only officially revealed in 2001.

Böhnhardt, Zschäpe and Mundlos evaded the arrest warrants issued later by fleeing to Chemnitz and diving underground. The Blood & Honor activist Thomas R. is said to have housed Zschäpe, Böhnhardt and Mundlos for the first time in Chemnitz, at Friedrich-Viertel-Straße 85. With the help of various accomplices, who have not yet been fully identified, the trio lived under false identities in several places of residence, until August 2000 in Chemnitz and from then on in Zwickau . Until 2002, Böhnhardt met several times conspiratorially with family members.

Crimes of the NSU

Between September 9, 2000 and April 6, 2006, Uwe Mundlos and Uwe Böhnhardt allegedly murdered eight entrepreneurs of Turkish origin and one Greek small business owner , shot a policewoman in 2007 and carried out three bomb attacks, including the nail bomb attack in Cologne in 2004. Between 1999 and 2011 they carried out up to 15 bank robberies in various German cities (see crimes of the NSU ).

Traces of deception in infanticide

In mid-October 2016 it became known that a piece of textile with traces of Böhnhardt's DNA had been found at the place where Peggy Knobloch , who disappeared in 2001, was found. As a result, references to Böhnhardt's possible involvement in a child murder in Jena in 1993 and the NSU's links to child prostitution and child pornography were investigated, and a special commission was set up. In March 2017, the Bayreuth public prosecutor announced that it was a deception ; the scraps of textile with the DNA came from a headphone by Böhnhardt, which was found in 2011 in the Eisenach mobile home, and could not have survived 15 years of weather. On July 3, 2016, during the securing of evidence by the LKA crime scene group, he arrived at the Peggy's corpse site, which had also secured the crime scene of the NSU mobile home in Eisenach in 2011. In July 2018, an expert report by the Bayreuth public prosecutor allowed the moment of contamination to be narrowed down to the minute using photos of the crime scene work. At the same time, according to Michael Menzel, head of department in the Thuringian Ministry of the Interior , the LKA crime scene group was relieved. It is "extremely unlikely" that an identical forensics device had transmitted the scraps, as all devices were replaced after 2011. The transmission route remains unclear. According to the journalist Thomas Moser, who appeals to the Bayreuth attorney general, melting on the piece of textile proves that it was in Eisenach during the NSU mobile home fire on November 4, 2011 - and thus until after Böhnhardt's death.

death

On November 4, 2011, Böhnhardt and Mundlos carried out a bank robbery on a branch of the Wartburg-Sparkasse in Eisenach. While they were hiding in a rented motor home nearby, a police patrol spotted them looking for a motor home. After firing one shot at the police officers, more shots were fired. The reconstruction of the Federal Criminal Police Office showed that Mundlos had shot Böhnhardt with a pump gun , then set the caravan on fire and committed suicide. The circumstances of death are controversial.

literature

  • Maik Baumgärtner, Marcus Böttcher: The Zwickau Terror Trio. Events, scenes, backgrounds. Das Neue Berlin, Berlin 2012. ISBN 978-3-360-02149-6 .
  • Christian Fuchs , John Goetz : The cell. Right-wing terror in Germany. Rowohlt, Reinbek 2012, ISBN 978-3-498-02005-7 .
  • Patrick Gensing : Terror from the right. The Nazi murders and the failure of politics. Rotbuch, Berlin, 2012. ISBN 978-3-86789-163-9 .
  • Heike Würstl: Uwe Böhnhardt. Reconstruction of a criminal career. In: Wolfgang Frindte , Daniel Geschke, Nicole Haußecker, Franziska Schmidtke (eds.): Right-wing extremism and "National Socialist Underground". Interdisciplinary debates, findings and balance sheets. Springer, Wiesbaden 2015, ISBN 978-3-658-09996-1 , pp. 213-224 ( beginning , preview ).
  • Heike Würstl: Individualization process of a right-wing extremist. Reconstruction of the objective life data of Uwe Böhnhardt (= European university publications . Series 22, Sociology, Volume 460). PL Academie Research, Frankfurt am Main 2015, ISBN 978-3-631-66019-5 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Brother of the NSU killer was once dead on the doorstep , In: Focus from December 2, 2012
  2. ↑ a b c d "Our son" Uwe Böhnhardt, the terrorist , In: Die Welt from December 26, 2011
  3. ↑ a b "Investigators instrumentalized Böhnhardt" , Christian Bommarius, In: Frankfurter Rundschau from April 10, 2013
  4. ^ The three members of the terrorist cell , In: Politik-bildung-brandenburg.de from February 2012
  5. ↑ Stefan Aust , Dirk Laabs : Heimatschutz. The state and the NSU series of murders. Pantheon Verlag Munich 2014, p. 201
  6. ↑ Stefan Aust , Dirk Laabs : Heimatschutz. The state and the NSU series of murders. Pantheon Verlag Munich 2014, p. 249
  7. ↑ The who-is-who of terrorism , faz.net of March 3, 2013
  8. ↑ Böhnhardt had police investigation files ( memento from March 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), mdr.de from January 31, 2013
  9. ↑ Rest room for right-wing extremists taz.de from September 5, 2012
  10. ↑ Jana Stegemann, Felix Hütten: Peggy case and NSU series of murders: A dead girl, the DNA of a terrorist - and many questions. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , October 14, 2016; Thuringian police form Soko for unsolved child murders. In: Thüringer Allgemeine , October 14, 2016.
  11. ↑ Solveig Bach: DNA traces carried on: NSU had nothing to do with Peggy's death. In: n-tv.de , March 8, 2017; Olaf Przybilla : The Peggy case: Suspicious find was part of Böhnhardt's headphones. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , March 8, 2017.
  12. ^ Kai Mudra: Böhnhardt trace in the Peggy case: Expert opinion exonerates Thuringian LKA crime scene group. In: Thüringer Allgemeine , July 20, 2018.
  13. ↑ Thomas Moser: The Böhnhardt-Peggy-Spur. In: Andreas Förster, Thomas Moser, Thumilan Selvakumaran (Hrsg.): End of the Enlightenment. The open wound NSU. Klöpfer & Meyer, Tübingen 2018, pp. 222–232, here p. 229.
personal data
SURNAME Böhnhardt, Uwe
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German right-wing extremist
DATE OF BIRTH 1st October 1977
PLACE OF BIRTH Jena
DATE OF DEATH November 4, 2011
Place of death Eisenach