Freedom German Workers Party

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Freedom German Workers Party
Logo of the FAP as a party
Party leader Martin Pape (1979–1988),
Friedhelm Busse (from 1988)
founding 1979
Place of foundation Stuttgart
Prohibition 1995
Headquarters Oberhausen (until 1991) / Halstenbek (from 1991)
Alignment Right-wing extremism ,
neo-Nazism ,
nationalism ,
ethnic nationalism
Number of members <1,000

The Freedom German Workers' Party (short name: FAP ) was a right-wing extremist micro - party in the Federal Republic of Germany that was founded in 1979 by Martin Pape . Without electoral success it was considered the largest neo-Nazi militant organization in Germany at the time. In 1995 it was banned under association law by the Federal Ministry of the Interior after the Federal Constitutional Court had rejected applications for prohibition in 1994 due to lack of party status.

Alignment

Initially, the party was primarily a nationalist and xenophobic , but also an anti-Jesuit party with a right-wing extremist list . From the mid-1980s onwards, it became increasingly racist , anti-Semitic and neo-Nazi . Among other things, it was notorious for its aggressive propaganda , its proximity to National Socialism (including the restoration of the 1937 borders ) and the recognition of violence to enforce political demands. After some neo-Nazi organizations had already been banned in the 1990s and the Mölln assassination attempt (1992) was circulating in the media, the board tried to distance itself from violence in reports.

history

overview

Tiwaz rune on a party flag variant

The FAP was founded in 1979 as a split from the Independent Workers' Party (UAP) by the former Hitler Youth leader Martin Pape (later NPD functionary) in Stuttgart. It was a re-establishment of the Social-Liberal German Party (SLP), founded in 1969.

Until the early 1980s it was a rather insignificant group in the Stuttgart region. In 1983, however, it was infiltrated by members of the newly banned National Socialists / National Activists under the leadership of Michael Kühnen . The federal chairman Pape (1979–1988) let the activists go. After Kühnen (not an official member) had openly acknowledged his homosexuality , there was a dispute between supporters and opponents of Kühnens, which ultimately led to the split in the FAP. The FAP now had two wings, Kühnens supporters and his opponents around Jürgen Mosler (Secretary General) and Volker Heidel . In 1988 the neo-Nazi Friedhelm Busse (formerly the German Reich Party , NPD and People's Socialist Movement in Germany / Labor Party ) was elected as the new FAP Federal Chairman and remained so until it was banned in 1995.

With the fall of 1989/90 attempts were made in the former GDR , especially in the Berlin-Brandenburg region, to build up a partially militant and violent structure. After political disputes had already broken out in 1989, the cadres Mosler and Michael Swierczek , who then founded the Nationale Offensive (NO), left the group and with them large parts of its members. In 1991, guests from the neo-Nazi Wiking Youth and the Nationalist Front were present at the first extraordinary party congress . For many years there were connections to the Danish National Socialist Movement (DNSB). In 1992, leading representatives were present at the riots in Rostock-Lichtenhagen and distributed advertising material there.

Prohibition

In 1993 the federal government and the Federal Council initiated party prohibition proceedings . In 1994 the Federal Constitutional Court rejected the applications as inadmissible because the FAP was not a party. The Federal Ministry of the Interior (BMI) banned the FAP as an association on February 24, 1995 . The action for annulment was rejected on October 20, 1995 by the Federal Administrative Court (BVerwG).

It takes the § 86a of the Criminal Code ( " Use of symbols of unconstitutional organizations ") application.

Periodicals

It maintained its own periodicals such as the FAP-Intern newsletter (1989/90), the Neue Nation magazine (until 1993) and the Standarte monthly (from 1993). The editions comprised approx. 500 copies of the New Nation and approx. 1,000 copies of the standard.

Members

The number of members fluctuated strongly and was not more than 1,000 people at the wedding, so it recorded 300 (1985), 500 (1987), 150 (1991), 1000 (according to party information, 1993) and 400/500 (1995) members. Some supporters and members of the FAP, which over the years has mostly been made up of right-wing skinheads , have been charged and convicted of various crimes . Many former FAP cadres are now active in the right-wing extremist NPD and so-called free comradeships . Former members also participate in the Identitarians .

The party’s functionaries and leading activists included a. Friedhelm Busse, Siegfried Borchardt ("SS-Siggi"), Thorsten Heise , Jürgen Mosler , Martin Pape and Michael Swierczek . Individual members such as Norbert Weidner were involved in anti-antifa campaigns and a. in the nationwide brochure Der Insight .

Was unasked Peter Gauweiler (CSU) for because of a presumed intellectual kinship honorary chairman determined.

Participation in elections

The FAP was not involved in parliamentary representation at federal or state level. In elections, it always remained well below the five percent hurdle and the number of votes required for reimbursement of election campaign costs. In the 1987 Bundestag election she ran with a state list only in Bremen, where she received 405 second votes (0.09%); their direct candidates in the two constituencies of Celle-Uelzen and Stuttgart I each received 0.1%. At the federal state level, too, the FAP remained a marginal phenomenon in elections, such as in the Hamburg state election in 1986 with 0.1% (713 votes). In the European elections in 1989 , the right-wing extremist party achieved 0.1% (19,151 votes). Their regional centers were Berlin , Lower Saxony and the Ruhr area .

See also

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Thomas Grumke , Bernd Wagner (Hrsg.): Handbuch Rechtsradikalismus . People - organizations - networks. From neo-Nazism to the middle of society . Leske and Budrich, Opladen 2002, ISBN 3-8100-3399-5 , p. 375.
  2. ↑ a b Bernd Wagner (ed.): Handbook right-wing extremism: networks, parties, organizations, ideology centers, media (= rororo aktuell . 13425). Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1994, ISBN 3-499-13425-X , p. 100.
  3. ↑ Pictures show usage in the early 1990s
  4. ↑ Uwe Andersen , Wichard Woyke (Hrsg.): Concise dictionary of the political system of the Federal Republic of Germany . 2nd, revised edition, Federal Agency for Political Education , Bonn 1995, ISBN 3-89331-217-X , p. 538.
  5. ↑ Bernd Wagner (Ed.): Handbook right-wing extremism: networks, parties, organizations, ideology centers, media (= rororo aktuell . 13425). Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1994, ISBN 3-499-13425-X , p. 101.
  6. ↑ a b c Bernd Wagner (ed.): Handbook right-wing extremism: networks, parties, organizations, ideology centers, media (= rororo aktuell . 13425). Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1994, ISBN 3-499-13425-X , p. 102.
  7. ↑ BVerfG, decision of November 17, 1994 - 2 BvB 2/93, 2 BvB 3/93 , BVerfGE 91, 276 - concept of parties II
  8. ↑ Thomas Grumke , Bernd Wagner (Ed.): Handbuch Rechtsradikalismus . People - organizations - networks. From neo-Nazism to the middle of society . Leske and Budrich, Opladen 2002, ISBN 3-8100-3399-5 , p. 376.
  9. ↑ Jens Mecklenburg (Hrsg.): Handbook of German Right-Wing Extremism (= Antifa Edition ). Elefanten-Press, Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-88520-585-8 , p. 259.
  10. ↑ Bernhard Pörksen : The construction of enemy images. On the use of language in neo-Nazi media . Westdeutscher Verlag, Wiesbaden 2000, ISBN 3-531-13502-3 , p. 100.
  11. ↑ Door No. 14: Kai-Rolf Müller | Antifa Recherche Vienna. (No longer available online.) In: recherchewien.nordost.mobi. Archived from the original on November 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 3, 2016 .
  12. ↑ Jens Mecklenburg (Hrsg.): Handbook of German Right-Wing Extremism (= Antifa Edition ). Elefanten-Press, Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-88520-585-8 , p. 258.