Friedhelm Busse (right-wing extremist)

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Friedhelm Busse at the NPD federal party conference in 2006

Friedhelm Busse (born February 4, 1929 in Bochum ; † July 23, 2008 in Passau ) was one of the leading figures in the militant neo-Nazi scene in Germany . In the 1970s he had a decisive influence on the development of the militant extreme right. Until it was banned, he was chairman of the far-right FAP .

Life

Youth in the time of National Socialism

Busse as a speaker at a demonstration of the Free Comradeships in Hagen on February 10, 2001

The trained typesetter came from a family that was heavily influenced by the National Socialists: his father, who later became an SA Sturmbannführer, was a member of the NSDAP as early as 1920 and one of the first SA men in the “red” Ruhr area . In 1944, Friedhelm Busse, then 15 years old, volunteered for the Waffen SS after two years at the Adolf Hitler School and joined the 12th SS Panzer Division "Hitler Youth" in early 1945 . As a tank destroyer , he fought against the advancing Allies until April 1945 .

1945-1965

In the 1950s, Busse became a member and functionary of the right-wing extremist Bund Deutscher Jugend (BDJ). On May 31, 1952, he was arrested for the first time at the BDJ's Whitsun meeting for dangerous bodily harm, and in 1953 he was sentenced to six weeks in prison for aiding and abetting deprivation of liberty and presumption of office. After his release from prison, he joined the German Reich Party (DRP) through the mediation of Wilhelm Meinberg and Rudi Krüger , in which he took on various functionary posts, including as district chairman in Wattenscheid.

Even in his time at the DRP, Busse was involved in the "South Tyrolean fight for freedom". In 1963 the police found a kilogram of dynamite on Busse; he was later sentenced to three months probation for violating the Explosives Act. After his release from prison, he joined the NPD in 1965 , in which the DRP was absorbed. He led the Bochum-Wattenscheid district association and was a member of the state executive committee in North Rhine-Westphalia . He became head of the “Social Policy and Trade Union Issues” unit.

1969-1983

When the NPD failed at the five percent hurdle in 1969 , a dispute arose over the direction. While the official party line was striving for a "bourgeois" NPD, the inner-party opposition, to which Busse was a member, pushed for a radicalization of political statements. Above all, the steward service of the NPD, reminiscent of SA thugs, which dominated the public perception of the party at the end of the 1960s, polarized the party. In 1970, Busse was involved in the founding of the Resistance Action , which was primarily supposed to organize and mobilize actionist rights. In the winter months of 1970/1971 he participated in numerous violent riots of the German Social Action (DSA) of Dirk Schwartländer, whom he knew from the DRP. Due to his arrest and involvement in a violent action by the DSA on January 16, 1971 in front of the Soviet embassy in Rolandseck near Bonn, Busse was expelled from the NPD in May 1971. Since 1969, Busse has been accompanied by his friend, the former police officer Peter Weinmann , in his actions and foundings . As it turned out, peered Weinmann as a V-man "Werner" for the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution , the neo-Nazi scene in the bus environment from. From 1976 Weinmann also worked for the Italian military secret service SISMI .

Only shortly after his exclusion from the NPD, Busse and others founded the Labor Party / German Socialists (PdA / DS) in Krefeld in 1971 . Here the activists of the German Social Action and the Action Resistance gathered . Under the leadership of Busses, the PdA / DS joined Siegfried Pöhlmann's Action New Rights (ANR) in January 1972 . Busse became state commissioner for North Rhine-Westphalia, in 1973 a member of the federal executive committee and head of the "Strategy Department". After a dispute over the direction in which three currents competed for dominance in terms of content, the “national revolutionaries” prevailed. In the summer of 1973 Busse therefore left the ANR with his “People's Socialists”.

In 1972 Busse moved his residence from Bochum to Neubiberg near Munich.

In 1975 he was involved in founding the NSDAP organizational structure together with other relevant neo-Nazi cadres . In 1978, Busse described November 9 as an "explosion of the German people against Jewish, anti-German agitation, against Jewish-Bolshevik propaganda".

On April 20, 1976 he appeared as a speaker at a birthday commemoration for Adolf Hitler in front of his birthplace and was therefore banned from entering and staying in Austria.

At an event of the Humanist Union on March 24, 1981 in Munich, there were massive disruptions by VSBD supporters under the leadership of Busse, which culminated in violent clashes. On October 20, 1981, Busses apartment in Neubiberg became the starting point for an attempted bank robbery by five heavily armed VSBD activists. Two of them, Nikolaus Uhl and Kurt Wolfgram, were shot by the Munich police, the others arrested. In 1983 Busse was sentenced to three years and nine months imprisonment for stolen goods, thwarting punishment, favoring bank robbers and violating the Arms and Explosives Act.

1983-2000

After the ANS / NA was banned in 1983, Busse and other supporters of the Freedom German Workers' Party (FAP) joined. The FAP developed into a rallying party for militant neo-Nazis. Two camps developed in the FAP: the parliamentary groups around Jürgen Mosler and Michael Kühnen . Busse was elected as a candidate of the Mosler parliamentary group in November 1988 for federal chairman of the FAP, which he remained until the end of the party; Kühnen left the party with his supporters in 1990. In the spring of 1991, Jürgen Mosler also separated from the FAP due to a dispute with Busse.

Because of his leadership style, Busses influence within the neo-Nazi scene waned since the early 1990s. The FAP was no longer the important collecting party it used to be. The replacement of the Kühnen wing and other important functionaries had resulted in a significant decline in membership. In 1995 the FAP was banned.

In 1994 Busse was involved in founding the "Stuttgarter Kameradschaft". The meeting, which was attended by 187 neo-Nazis, was broken up by the police. Busse was sentenced to twenty months probation in December for continuing the prohibited ANS / NA.

From December 1997 on, Busse was the operator of the “National Information Telephone” in Bavaria and head of its “Catacomb Academy”, which was supposed to function as a cadre forge and training facility. He ran the "German political press and information service" (dpi) and edited various publications, such as the news - information - opinions (NIM), which sees itself as the "theoretical organ of national resistance", and since 1999 a series of contemporary historical documents . He was also active on the Internet and was responsible for the website www.ffranken.com.

Last years

Busse became a member of the NPD again and was a regular speaker at marches, whereupon he was banned from speaking by the police. On Labor Day 2001 he was excluded from a demonstration by the police because of the sentence “If Germany is free of Jews, we no longer need Auschwitz ”. In June 2001, he called for a rally in Karlsruhe the founding of the Federal Republic of Germany as a criminal act, called for the reinstatement of the Nazi dictatorship and took German Foreign Minister Joschka Fischer in anti-Semitic intent with the name "Jossele". Because of both incidents, he was a. Sentenced to 28 months without parole for sedition and denigration of the state and its symbols .

In a circular from prison in February 2004, he named Norman Bordin as his successor in the "leadership of the National Resistance". According to his own statements, he had met Bordin during his “previous imprisonment in Bernau JVA” as a “reliable and indomitable comrade”. In the circular he called for cooperation with the NPD, which "as the phalanx of the national liberation struggle will one day bear joint responsibility for shaping our future state".

On April 16, 2007, the bus, who had meanwhile become seriously ill, was sentenced to 68 days in prison in the St. Georgen-Bayreuth correctional facility . The sentence was temporarily suspended because of cancer. He had to be taken to prison in a wheelchair because of his physical condition.

Death and funeral

Friedhelm Busse died on the night of July 23, 2008. Among the 90 guests at the funeral service in the cemetery in the Passau district of Patriching on July 26, 2008 were NPD politicians Thomas Wulff , Udo Voigt , Sascha Roßmüller , Uwe Meenen and Matthias Fischer , the comradeship activists Christian Worch and Siegfried Borchardt , the former Wiking youth activist Edda Schmidt , Daniela Wegener from the aid organization for national political prisoners and their relatives and the German party politician Ulrich Pätzold. The police attacked four supporters of bus and six opponents.

Thomas Wulff was arrested because he was spreading a Reich war flag with a swastika over the coffin. The day after the burial, the grave was opened by order of the Passau public prosecutor to secure the flag as evidence. Use of symbols of unconstitutional organizations because of the official offense ( § 86a StGB); Wulff was sentenced on June 16, 2009 by the Passau District Court to a fine of 120 daily rates.

Movies

  • Heros for Germany? - Right-wing extremists on the offensive. Film by Rainer Fromm and Christian Bock, Tele 5 , 1992

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Thomas Grumke , Bernd Wagner : Handbook right-wing radicalism . Leske and Budrich, 2002, p. 243. Detailed biography on pages 241–243.
  2. ^ Jens Mecklenburg : Handbook of German right-wing extremism. Elefanten Press, 1996, p. 449; Detailed biography on pages 448 and 449.
  3. ↑ Uwe Backes, Eckhard Jesse: Political Extremism in the Federal Republic of Germany. Propylaea, 1993, p. 293 (detailed biography of Busses)
  4. ^ Jens Mecklenburg: Handbook of German right-wing extremism. Elefanten Press, 1996, p. 448.
  5. ↑ Guido Knopp: The SS: a warning of history. Bertelsmann, 2002, p. 321.
  6. ↑ Jan Zobel: People on the edge: NPD: people, politics and perspectives of the anti-democrats. Edition Ost, 2005, p. 60.
  7. ^ A b c Uwe Backes, Eckhard Jesse: Political extremism in the Federal Republic of Germany. Propylaea, 1993, p. 293.
  8. ↑ Rudolf Schneider: The SS is your role model - neo-Nazi combat groups and action groups in the Federal Republic. Frankfurt am Main 1981, p. 97.
  9. ^ Press service democratic initiative (ed.): Report on neo-Nazi activities 1978. Munich 1979, p. 117.
  10. ↑ Thomas Assheuer, Hans Sarkowicz: Right-wing radicals in Germany - The old and the new right. Munich 1994, p. 22f.
  11. ↑ Manfred Rowold: In the shadow of power. Droste Verlag, 1974, p. 262.
  12. ↑ Hans-Gerd Jaschke, Birgit Rätsch, Yury Winterberg: After Hitler: Radical right arm up. Bertelsmann-Verlag, 2001, p. 72.
  13. ↑ Uwe Backes, Eckhard Jesse: Political Extremism in the Federal Republic of Germany. Propylaea Verlag, 1993, p. 293.
  14. ↑ Masterminds in the brown network. 1996, p. 143.
  15. ^ Press service democratic initiative (ed.): Report on neo-Nazi activities 1978. Munich 1979, p. 26 and 107.
  16. ↑ Herbert Lackner : The head of terror was the "guest of honor" at Burger's NDP party conference . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna October 23, 1981, p. 02 ( berufer-zeitung.at - the open online archive - digitized).
  17. ↑ Peter Dudek : Young right-wing extremists - Between the swastika and Odalsrune 1945 to today. Cologne 1985, p. 168.
  18. ↑ Masterminds in the brown network. 1996, p. 85.
  19. ↑ Gun battle in Munich: Police shot two neo-Nazis . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna October 22, 1981, p. 01 ( berufer-zeitung.at - the open online archive - digitized).
  20. ↑ Ulrich Chaussy : A Nazi operetta gets serious. In: Wolfgang Benz : Right-wing extremism in the Federal Republic. Fischer Taschenbuch, Frankfurt am Main 1984, ISBN 3-596-24259-2 , pp. 13ff and Peter Dudek : Young right-wing extremists - Between swastika and Odals rune 1945 to today. Cologne 1985, p. 170.
  21. ↑ Masterminds in the brown network. 1996, p. 160.
  22. ^ A b Massive riots by right-wing extremists after the funeral of the deceased right-wing extremist Friedhelm BUSSE. ( Memento of July 29, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Press release from PD Passau
  23. ↑ Swastika flag in the grave. In: ND . April 7, 2010.
  24. ^ Scandal about NPD boss Voigt: Justice has swastika flag fetched from fresh grave. In: Spiegel Online. July 31, 2008.
  25. ↑ The swastika flag is not a grave goods. ( Memento from September 11, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) on: sueddeutsche.de , June 16, 2009.
personal data
SURNAME Busses, Friedhelm
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German militant neo-Nazis
DATE OF BIRTH February 4, 1929
PLACE OF BIRTH Bochum
DATE OF DEATH July 23, 2008
Place of death Passau