Anselm Casimir Wambolt von Umstadt

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Archbishop Anselm Casimir
Anselmus casimirus
"Anselmus Casimirus Ertzbischoff and Elector of Maintz Ertz Cantzler of the Holy Roman Empire" from the Annales Ferdinandei , 1721–1726, by Franz Christoph von Khevenhüller
Coat of arms of the Archbishop of Mainz
Epitaph in Mainz Cathedral

Anselm Casimir Wambolt von Umstadt (born November 30, 1579 in Speyer (?); † October 9, 1647 in Frankfurt am Main ) was Archbishop from 1629 until his death and thus also Elector of Mainz .

Life

His parents were Eberhard Wambolt von Umstadt (May 16, 1546 to January 11, 1601) and Anna von Reiffenberg († November 13, 1583, tomb in the Laurentius Church in Weinheim an der Bergstrasse). His father was an assessor at the Reich Chamber of Commerce in Speyer from 1573 to 1587 and from 1588 Reichshofrat. He converted from Calvinism to Catholicism in 1581 . In his first marriage he was married to Anna von Reiffenberg from 1577, from 1586 in his second marriage to Anna Amalie von Hattenstein.

Anselm Casimir Wambolt von Umstadt was probably born in Speyer. He received his school education from Jesuits in Speyer and Prague .

In 1596 he was accepted into the Mainzer Domstift and began his first residence in Mainz . In 1605 he was accepted into the cathedral chapter , and in 1629 he was elected to the cathedral scholaster . In 1610 he was accepted into the Mainz knight monastery of St. Alban by an archbishop's commission . 1596–1597 he studied as an alumne of the Collegium Germanicum in Rome , 1597–1599 in Würzburg . In 1599 he began a three-year course in philosophy and theology in Rome. In 1604 he returned to Mainz. There he was ordained a deacon on May 22, 1605 . This was followed by a two-year law degree in Padua . In June 1608 he was appointed to the court council by Archbishop Johann Schweikhard von Kronberg , and in January 1609 he was appointed president of the court council. He held this office until 1618.

The Archbishop sent Wambolt von Umstadt several times for the Catholic League or as Arch Chancellor to Salzburg (1609), in 1610 for re-Catholicization in Eichsfeld , for the Electoral Day to Nuremberg (1611), 1612 to Prague, 1613 to Fulda . As a result, he probably won a lot of trust and praise in the cathedral chapter, which elected him in 1619 as bailiff of Mombach . He held this office until 1629.

Furthermore, he was several times between 1620 and 1624 and again in 1627 in the absence of the archbishop his governor and in 1621 secular commissioner in case of war. From 1620 to 1622 he was rector of the University of Mainz . However, a tense relationship with the archbishop stood in the way of his career in the end, and from 1626 he was no longer in court service.

The archbishop died on July 6, 1629 and Wambolt von Umstadt won the election on August 6. His election was seen as the defeat of the Habsburg-Imperial efforts for the office. The Roman Curia confirmed the election on January 28, 1630 and awarded the new archbishop the pallium on February 18, 1630 .

Wambolt's next political step followed at the Regensburg Electoral Congress of 1630. Anselm Wambolt von Umstadt, who was strongly influenced by the Provost and Councilor President Johann Reinhard von Metternich, switched to a clearly pro-imperial course in imperial politics.

After the victory over Tilly at Breitenfeld moved King Gustav Adolf against Mainz, which he occupied at Christmas 1631, but Wambolt of Umstadt was fled with the majority of the nobility and the high clergy to Cologne. Only after the city had been recaptured and the 3,000-strong Swedish garrison withdrew in December 1635 was he able to return to Mainz on June 22, 1636. After receiving his ordination as a priest and bishop in the same year, he crowned Ferdinand III, elected Roman-German king, in Regensburg on December 22, 1636 .

As far as the turmoil of the war permitted, he enforced an extremely strict denominational policy in his arch pen. The new Protestant citizens who had settled in Mainz during the Swedish occupation were forced to adopt the Catholic faith.

In terms of Reich politics, he also showed a lack of compromise. He became one of the most ardent advocates of the Catholic Habsburg positions in the struggle for peace. His adherence to the Habsburg-Spanish point of view contributed to the fact that a quick conclusion of the Peace of Westphalia was delayed. Before French troops took Mainz in 1644, Wambolt von Umstadt fled again, this time to Frankfurt. Although he signed a peace and neutrality treaty with the French in 1647, he was no longer able to enter his royal seat.

He died on October 9, 1647 in Frankfurt am Main.

The highly talented Anselm Wambolt von Umstadt, reverently known as Cicero germanicus because of his extraordinary talent for rhetoric, was also known as a hard-drinking drinker and apparently quite business-minded. During his episcopate in religious and imperial politics, despite his abilities mentioned, he was only able to achieve very little.

literature

Web links

Commons : Anselm Casimir Wambolt von Umstadt  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Émile Charvériat: Histoire de la guerre de trente ans, 1618–1648: Période suédoise et période française, 1630–1648 . Ed .: E. Plon et cie. tape 2 , 1878 ( archive.org ).
predecessor Office successor
Georg Friedrich von Greiffenclau Elector Archbishop of Mainz
1629–1647 		Johann Philipp von Schönborn
personal data
SURNAME Wambolt von Umstadt, Anselm Casimir
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Archbishop of Mainz
DATE OF BIRTH between January 1, 1580 and November 30, 1583
PLACE OF BIRTH Weinheim , Prague or Speyer
DATE OF DEATH October 9, 1647
Place of death Frankfurt am Main