Maria Himmelskron (Worms)

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The Maria Himmelskron monastery was a Dominican convent in Hochheim (today: Worms ) that perished during the Reformation . Its church is now the Roman Catholic parish church of the Worms district.

history

founding

The monastery was founded in 1278 by the knight Dirolf von Hochheim († July 10, 1318) and his wife, Agnes († April 27, 1329). They had a daughter, Agnes († December 1, 1321), who entered the monastery as a nun and became its second prioress after her aunt. Since the donor couple had no other children, practically all of their assets flowed into the foundation. Also were sinecures for a priest provided so regularly fairs could be read.

The approval for the founding of the monastery by Bishop Friedrich I von Worms is dated January 25, 1278. The donors made the site of their moated castle in Hochheim available for this purpose. Adelheid (Aleidis) († April 17, 1319), the sister of Dirolf, became the first prioress of the monastery . Construction work began in 1279. From 1283 the monastery was initially allowed to use the St. Amandus Church in the Worms suburb in exchange for an annual donation of 50 Malter grain to the Worms cathedral monastery . The construction work on their own monastery was completed in 1282, but the church was still missing. Its construction began with the laying of the foundation stone on June 8, 1287. On April 2, 1293, the building was at least ready to the point that the high altar could be consecrated . The Dominican Sisters were placed under the supervision of the Dominicans in Worms by the Bishop of Worms , and on December 8, 1287 the monastery was formally accepted into the Dominican Order.

business

At times the rush to the monastery was great, so that the Dominican Provincial had to limit the number of nuns to 52 in 1307. Above all ladies from the nobility and the urban patriciate were accepted . In the following years the monastery received further donations. Some members of the family of the Chamberlain of Worms were buried in the monastery church:

  • Johann VII Chamberlain of Worms, † 1359
  • Friedrich III. Chamberlain of Worms, called von Boppard, † May 11, 1388
  • Gudula von Meckenheim , † March 31, 1346, wife of Heinrich II. Chamberlain of Worms zu Gundheim

In the city ​​war of 1387-1389 , buildings of the monastery were damaged in 1388. The reconstruction took several decades. Perhaps because of this, King Ruprecht released the monastery from duties to the kingdom and king in 1404 . The preserved portal and window frames come from this construction phase - unless they were replaced during the renovation in 1905/06.

In 1455, Bishop Reinhard I von Worms integrated the beguinage in Hochheim into the monastery. From 1494 to 1506 Guda von Dalberg was the prioress of the monastery. Your brother, Johann XX. von Dalberg was bishop of Worms from 1482 to 1503 . In 1493 37 nuns lived here, in 1518 there were at least 21.

In May 1525 the monastery was looted during the Peasants' War. The battle of Pfeddersheim took place in the immediate vicinity .

The End

Hochheim belonged to the Electoral Palatinate . With Elector Friedrich III. (1515–1576) a decisive representative of the Reformation came to government here in 1559. In December 1561 and May 1562 he tried in vain to close the monastery. This only succeeded when the councilors commissioned with the matter and the burgrave of Alzey , Count Valentin von Erbach , had the locks of the monastery gates broken on March 16, 1563 and occupied the monastery by force. At that time there were still 22 nuns, 14 lay sisters and 7 schoolgirls living there. They were initially allowed to stay there, but were not allowed to accept any new sisters. Only in 1570 was the monastery by Friedrich III. also formally canceled and the income from the monastery property in 1580 subordinated to the ecclesiastical property administration of the Electoral Palatinate in Heidelberg .

Reuse

The monastery buildings subsequently served as the conductors' apartment and the business operations of the goods of the former monastery. They were later also sold and were privately owned at the beginning of the 19th century. Wine was grown in the former monastery garden, and there was also a bar there. The former monastery church initially served the Reformed as a winter church until 1609 , when they had rebuilt the mountain church . 1706 (the elector came from the Roman Catholic line Pfalz-Neuburg since 1685 ) the church was assigned to the Roman Catholics.

During the subsequent renovation work, the medieval cloister was removed , among other things . The furnishing of the church then dragged on throughout the 18th century. The high altar was consecrated in 1712, extended in 1742, a bell procured in 1736 and an organ in 1741.

In 1904 the church became the parish church of the then newly established parish "Maria Himmelskron".

Church building

Former monastery church and today's parish church of St. Maria Himmelskron

The interior of the church is an elongated Gothic hall with originally nine window axes (the middle pair of windows is now walled up) with a choir closed on three sides and pointed-arched windows with tracery . Remains of paintings from the time of construction have been preserved on the north wall. The flat ceiling is adorned with geometric stucco and Baroque paintings by Fritz Muth from 1907.

The roof turret on the church building comes from the baroque era. It was not until 1905/06 that the church tower was added in baroque forms in the southwest of the long side and received three bells. Two of them were confiscated and melted down during World War II .

In 1951 the west end of the building was rebuilt: an entrance hall was added and the west gallery rebuilt. The medieval and early modern tombstones were lifted from the ground during the renovation in 1905/06 and initially placed on the walls. The stones of the founder Dirolf Schmutzel von Dirmstein and his sister Adelheid, first prioress of the monastery, have stood in the vestibule since 1951. On the occasion of the renovation in 1951, most of the medieval tombstones were removed from the walls. Part of the former inventory is now in the Museum of the City of Worms . Stones are also said to have been lost. Another restoration took place in 1973/74.

The church is a cultural monument due to the monument protection law of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate . The reason for the monument reads:
The church is a characteristic example of the simple church building of the Dominicans around 1300 and the only surviving Dominican church in the Worms area. The changes and additions reflect the development towards a parish church.

literature

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ That is about 5.5 cubic meters.
  2. ↑ Böcher: Die Kirchen , p. 16, gives the total number of 37 nuns.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ PDF view, Heidelberg University Document Collection
  2. ↑ Böcher: The Churches , p. 12.
  3. ↑ Böcher: Die Kirchen , p. 15.
  4. ↑ Böcher: The Churches , p. 12.
  5. ↑ Böcher: Die Kirchen , p. 14.
  6. ^ Spille: Monument topography , p. 220.
  7. ↑ Böcher: Die Kirchen , p. 14; Spille, p. 220.
  8. ↑ Böcher: Die Kirchen , p. 14.
  9. ↑ a b c d e The former Maria Himmelskron monastery in Hochheim - regionalgeschichte.net. In: regionalgeschichte.net. August 21, 2015, accessed February 18, 2019 .
  10. ↑ a b c Spille: Monument topography , p. 222.
  11. ↑ Detlev Schwennicke: European family tables. Family tables on the history of the European states . New series, vol. 9: Families from the Middle and Upper Rhine and from Burgundy . Marburg 1986. Without ISBN, plate 53.
  12. ↑ Böcher: Die Kirchen , p. 15.
  13. ↑ Böcher: Die Kirchen , p. 15.
  14. ↑ Böcher: Die Kirchen , p. 16.
  15. ↑ Böcher: Die Kirchen , p. 16.
  16. ↑ Böcher: Die Kirchen , p. 16.
  17. ↑ Spille: Denkmaltopographie , p. 222; Böcher: The churches , p. 16.
  18. ↑ Böcher: Die Kirchen , p. 16.
  19. ^ Parish Maria Himmelskron. In: dcms.bistummainz.de. Retrieved February 18, 2019 .
  20. ↑ Böcher: Die Kirchen , p. 20.
  21. ↑ Böcher: Die Kirchen , p. 20.
  22. ↑ Böcher: Die Kirchen , p. 20.
  23. ↑ Böcher: Die Kirchen , p. 20f.

Coordinates: 49 ° 38 ′ 20.9 ″  N , 8 ° 19 ′ 48.4 ″  E