Wild roses
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Wild Rose is a term from the growing roses and refers to a Rose class of non across species boundaries crossed species of the genus roses ( Rosa ) and its varieties.
description
For the characteristics see main article Roses ( Rosa ).
Wild rose species and their varieties are basically shrubs : The flowers are simple, i.e. unfilled with five petals . The flowers have numerous stamens. Fleshy rose hips are formed. In addition to these basic characteristics of the wild rose species, the appearance of the wild roses is very variable. The size and habit of wild rose species vary widely; In barren areas, wild rose species thrive, occasionally only reaching heights of 15 centimeters. In some areas of Asia, such as China or India , on the other hand, wild rose species such as Rosa gigantea can be found , which as climbing roses can reach heights of growth of up to 30 meters. In addition, there are stiffly upright shrubs and those that form dense thickets through runners .
History of use
Even the Babylonians grew and used roses and preserved the scent of their flowers: They dipped the petals in fat and then processed this into fragrant ointments. The distillation of rose oil , which was also known in ancient Rome , was probably invented in Persia . Wild roses were also cultivated in China in the past.
In the state goods ordinance of Charlemagne around 800 AD, the cultivation of roses was recommended, at that time the petals of the Rosa gallica 'Officinalis', also known as the "apothecary rose", were used as a means for gargling and for baths for poorly healing wounds and for inflamed eyes.
Around 1600 yellow roses ( fox rose ) came to Europe from Asia, with which all modern yellow rose species were bred. However, rose growing on a larger scale only began when Chinese and European roses began to be crossed in Western Europe through trade with Asia in the late 18th century .
Seven species in particular played a major role in the breeding of roses in the rose classes - almost all cultivated forms of the mostly double garden roses go back to them: Rosa chinensis , Rosa gigantea , cluster rose ( Rosa multiflora ), Rosa moschata , Rosa fedtschenkoana , Rosa gallica and Rosa foetida . The wild rose species Rosa rugosa has also played a larger role in rose breeding over the last few decades . They bred winter hardiness and disease resistance in cultivated varieties of garden roses .
Rose hips are also used by humans as tea, oil or made into jam .
Ecological importance
For ecological importance see main article roses ( pink ).
Types and distribution
For the number of rose species and their distribution, see main article Roses ( Rosa ). For species see Rosen # systematics and distribution .
See also
literature
- Heinrich Schultheis: Roses: the best kinds and sorts for the garden , Ulmer, Stuttgart 1996, ISBN 3-8001-6601-1
- Roger Phillips and Martyn Rix: Rosarium - Ulmer's large rose book - The best varieties for the garden and winter garden , Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-8001-4776-9
- Reinhard Witt: Wild roses and wild bushes for the garden , Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, June 2002, ISBN 3-4400-7553-2
- Reinhard Witt: Naturnahe Rosen Volume 1 : Shrub Roses , NaturGarten Verlag, Ottenhofen 2011, ISBN 978-3-00-027547-0
- Reinhard Witt: Roses close to nature, Volume 2: Volume 2: Climbing and small shrub roses , NaturGarten Verlag, Ottenhofen 2011, ISBN 978-3-00-034082-6
- Peter Beales: Classic roses . 2nd edition 2002, ISBN 3-8320-8736-2
Individual evidence
- ^ Roger Phillips and Martyn Rix: Rosarium , p. 12
