rose hip

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Dog rose hips ( Rosa canina )

As rose hips is defined as the non-toxic collecting Nuts different kinds of roses , especially the dog-rose ( Rosa canina ). The wild roses, or dog roses, on which the fruits grow, are also commonly referred to as rose hips.

Names

The name is derived from an older word form "Butte", the origin of which is unknown. Perhaps it is related to the term "Butzen" for the core of apples and pears (the male variant "Hagebutz" is also rarely attested) . The part of the name “Hage-” comes from the Old High German hagan “Dornstrauch”, from which the verb to enclose is derived from Hag (fenced, hedged area). The name is related to hawthorn, an old language form for the hawthorn , possibly the oldest word form even referred to the fruits of the hawthorn. There are numerous dialect, regional names, most of which refer to the wild, unfilled flowering rose bush as well as the fruit, including rosebush (Thurgau), Haneputtchen (Northern Thuringia), Buddeln (Westphalia), Bottel (Lower Rhine), Hahnedorn (Bergisches Land) , Jöbke or Jeepkes (Ostfriesland) and many others. A north German word form is hambutten . In Austria, the name Hetschepetsch or Hetscherln is well known in numerous variants, including numerous other onomatopoeic variations, such as Hekapeka in the Bohemian Forest. or Hejabedasha . According to another opinion, the Hetschepetsch originally refers to the rosehip butter as a side dish to game.

The botanical term rose originally only referred to the grafted garden plants. Hildegard von Bingen distinguished the garden rose pink and the dog rose hyffa in the Physica .

General

Various anatomical details of the Hunds-Rose - u. a. the rose hip in side view (g), seeds (i) and rose hip in cross section (h)
Schematic cross-section through the blossom of the dog rose. The cup-shaped flower base (dark green), which will later form the pulp, has already been created.

The rose hip is a collective fruit that contains many small nuts .

The pulp of the fruits harvested in late autumn emerges from the fleshy flower base . It is sweet and sour and rich in vitamins , especially vitamin C (ascorbic acid), but also vitamins A , B1 and B2 .

The nuts of the rose hip are covered with fine, barbed hairs that cause itching when they come into contact with the skin. Therefore, the nuts should not be eaten or processed. Children in particular occasionally use them to make itch powder , which is painful, itchy and can cause allergies to the touch.

Wild roses are valuable nutritive and protective trees for many animal species. Rose hips, like the fruits of yew , sea ​​buckthorn and rowan berries, provide easy-to-find, vitamin-rich food for many resident birds .

Varieties and types

Blossom and mostly hanging rose hips in different stages of ripeness of the potato rose ( rosa rugosa )

All types of roses ( pink ) form rose hips - a few examples:

Flowering and maturity

The flowering time of the rose hip usually falls in June. The flowers gradually open, they are usually open for a few days. The flowers are cup-shaped, five-fold and hermaphroditic. They give off a very distinctive scent.

Only a few rose hips ripen in September. They usually reach maturity between October and November. They can be harvested until spring of the following year.

use

Use as a food

Rose hip in winter

Rose hips can be eaten raw after the nuts have been removed. The later you pick them, the sweeter they are. The fruits often stay on the bush all winter and are usually still edible in spring after freezing through.

The fruits can be processed into puree or jam ( rosehip pulp , Hiffen pulp). The Franconian donuts are traditionally filled with it. But rose hips are also suitable for seasoning game dishes. In Sweden, rosehip soup is enjoyed as a sweet soup.

Rose hips can also be processed into fruit wine , liqueurs and infusions ; The fruit tea blends available in grocery stores often contain a large proportion of rose hips. Since pure rose hip tea is not strongly colored, the "rose hip tea mixture" usually contains a proportion of mallow , especially hibiscus , as a strong red coloring component.

Use as a medicinal plant

Structural formula of lycopene
Dried rose hip peels and fruits

The dried red collective fruits are marketed as rosehip seeds ( Rosae fructus , outdated names are Cynosbati semen , Semen Cynorrhodi , Semen Cynosbati ), pitted rosehips also as rosehip shells ( Rosae pseudofructus , outdated Fructus Cynosbati sine Semine ).

  • A vitamin-rich infusion can be made from the dried skin of the rose hip, which is slightly diuretic and laxative due to its high content of vegetable acids and pectins . It is therefore suitable for supportive therapy for bladder and kidney ailments and for colds.
  • The mush is particularly suitable because of its expelling effect and, like the infusion, is used against gout and rheumatism .
  • The jam stimulates the appetite and, like the infusion, is rich in vitamin C and lycopene .
  • A rose hip oil can be obtained from the seeds , which is used for skin care . Oil obtained from the kernels of Chilean dog roses is marketed under the name “Rosa Mosqueta” (the dog roses originally come from Europe and East Asia and have grown wild in Chile. The name refers to at least three species, Rosa moschata , Rosa rubiginosa and Rosa canina ) .

Others

The rose hip is the subject of a group of folk puzzles that have been passed down since the 16th century. The children's song A little man stands in the forest by Hoffmann von Fallersleben follows this tradition.

“HG Butte” or “HGbutte” is an old running gag in the Bundeswehr that is still often used in jokes. It refers to the HG (Hauptgefreiten) Butte (nickname), which when pronounced quickly sounds like "rose hip".

literature

Web links

Commons : Rose Hips  - Collection of Images
Wiktionary: rose hip  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ^ German dictionary by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm. 16 vols. In 32 partial volumes. Leipzig 1854–1961. List of sources Leipzig 1971. Retrieved on June 13, 2018.
  2. ↑ a b Johannes Hoops (founder): Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde , Volume 25. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2003. ISBN 978-3-11-017733-6 . Entry in section “Rose”, pp. 311–336.
  3. ^ Franz Dornseiff: The German vocabulary according to subject groups. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2011, p. 137. ISBN 978-3-11-171211-6 .
  4. ^ Friedrich Kluge: Etymological dictionary of the German language. Walter de Gruyter, 2015. ISBN 978-3-11-084503-7 .
  5. ^ Gertrud Smola (1958): Folk plant names of Styria. Announcements from the Department of Zoology and Botany at the Landesmuseum Joanneum in Graz 7/8: 21–80, under Rosa cartina L. , d. i. the hedge or dog rose ( download ).
  6. ↑ "Hedschabedscha" at www.volkswoerterbuch.at .
  7. ^ Robert Sedlaczek: Dictionary of everyday language in Austria. Haymon Verlag, 2014. ISBN 978-3-7099-7649-4 .
  8. ↑ The flower of the dog rose on gartenjournal.net
  9. ↑ When are the rose hips ripe and ready to be harvested? on gartenjournal.net
  10. ↑ Margret Wenigmann: Phytotherapy, medicinal drugs - phytopharmaceuticals - application. Elsevier 2017. ISBN 978-3-437-55057-7 .
  11. ↑ Rosa canina in Spektrum Lexicon of Medicinal Plants and Drugs, www.spektrum.de, accessed on June 13, 2018.
  12. ↑ Elfriede Hübner, Fascination Tree and His Healing Powers , Publisher: Books on Demand GmbH, p. 115
  13. ^ Siegfried Bäumler, Medicinal Plant Practice Today: Portraits, Recipes, Application ; Publisher: Urban & Fischer bei Elsevier, p. 192
  14. ↑ Dietrich Wabner , Christiane Beier, Aromatherapy: Basics - Active Principles - Practice , Urban & Fischer Verlag, p. 351
  15. ↑ JP Joublan, D. Rios: Rose culture and industry in Cile. In H. Nybom, K. Rumpunen (editors): First International Rose Hip Conference. Acta Horticulturae 690: 65-70. doi: 10.17660 / ActaHortic.2005.690.8
  16. ↑ Cf. A little man stands in the forest: History of material and motifs