Wine rose

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Wine rose
Rosa eglanteria img 3218.jpg

Wine rose ( Rosa rubiginosa )

Systematics
Family : Rose family (Rosaceae)
Subfamily : Rosoideae
Genre : Roses ( pink )
Subgenus : pink
Section : Dog roses ( Caninae )
Type : Wine rose
Scientific name
Rosa rubiginosa
L.

The Wine Rose ( Rosa rubiginosa ), also known as fence-Rose , apple Rose or Sweet Briar called, is a plant of the genus roses ( Rosa ) within the family of the rose family (Rosaceae). The natural range includes large parts of Europe and Western Asia ; it is a neophyte in many areas of the world . Some varieties are used as ornamental plants .

description

Illustration from Carl Axel Magnus Lindman: Bilder ur Nordens Flora
Pinnate foliage with stipules and thorns
Branch with leaves, flower buds and opened flower
Ripe rose hips

Appearance and leaf

The vine rose grows as a deciduous, densely branched, compact, shrub and reaches heights of 1 to 3, rarely up to 5 meters. The relatively short branches are initially upright, later arching over-leaning and they are hairy glandular. The numerous spines are hooked and curved and widened at the base like a disk.

The alternate leaves are 6 to 8 inches long and divided into petioles and leaf blades. The imparipinnate leaf blade has five or seven, rarely nine leaflets. The leaflets are 1 to 3.5 centimeters long and 1 to 2.5 centimeters wide, rounded to broadly ovate or obovate with a blunt or pointed upper end, several glandular serrations, pale green on top, hairy or glabrous, Loosely hairy underneath and on the spindle and densely covered with short-stalked, red-brown glands. In early summer, the leaves have a distinct scent of fresh apples even without rubbing.

Flower, fruit and seeds

The flowering time is in June. The flowers are usually solitary or up to seven together. Bracts are available. The flower stalks and the flower cup are glandular. The fragrant, hermaphrodite flowers are 3 to 5 centimeters in diameter and have radial symmetry and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The sepals are pinnate, with glandular bristles on the back, turned back after ripening and persistent. The five petals are bright pink. There are many yellow stamens . The styluses are short.

The rose hips are spherical to oval with a length of 1.5 to 2 centimeters, at first green, later yellow and color when ripe scarlet, the reason they have bald or with bristles and with glandular bristles. The rose hips contain many seeds. The yellow seeds are 4 to 7 millimeters long.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 35.

ecology

The flowers of the wine rose are rich in pollen . Pollinators are bumblebees and various beetles , for example rose chafer of the genus Cetonia ; there is also plenty of spontaneous self-pollination . Although it flowers abundantly and is therefore a good pasture for bees, it was never cultivated.

The diaspores are the rose hips that are eaten by foxes and birds. The seeds are excreted undigested. So there is mostly digestive expansion. Sometimes water spreads.

Occurrence

The natural distribution area of Rosa rubiginosa ranges from western , central , northern , eastern and southeastern Europe to western Asia . There are sites from Spain including the Balearic Islands via France , Belgium , the Netherlands , Germany , Austria , Italy , Poland , Czech Republic , Hungary , Denmark , Norway , Ireland , the United Kingdom , the Baltic Republics , Ukraine , Crimea , Slovakia , Slovenia , Serbia , Croatia , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Romania , Albania , Bulgaria , Moldova and Greece via Turkey to Iran and Iraq .

Rosa rubiginosa is a neophyte in many warm temperate areas of the world, for example Lesotho, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, the United States and southern South America . For example, in parts of Australia, Rosa rubiginosa is an invasive plant ; it was introduced there as an ornamental and food plant at the beginning of the 19th century.

The wine rose is a subatlantic-sub-Mediterranean floral element . It predominantly inhabits mountainous regions of Europe up to 60 ° north latitude and up to the Crimea in the east. In Central Europe , the wine rose is absent in areas in the lowlands , in the low mountain ranges with lime-poor or lime-free rock and in the Alpine foothills , otherwise it is rare. In the Limestone Alps, it rises barely more than 1200 meters at altitude. In the chains with rock poor in lime, it is also absent in the valleys. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises in the Tyrolean part on the Plättig on the way between Holzgau and Jöchelspitze up to an altitude of 1400 meters.

The wine rose has deep roots and is well suited for planting hedges in dry, warm, calcareous locations. The wine rose thrives best on moderately dry, sandy or stony, but always lime-rich and deep soils . In warm, light locations it inhabits grasslands , forest fringes, pastures and stony slopes. She is a character species of the Berberidion Association.

Taxonomy

The first publication of Rosa rubiginosa was in 1771 by Carl von Linné . Synonyms for Rosa rubiginosa L. are: Rosa almeriensis Rouy ex Willk. , Rosa braunii J.B.Keller , Rosa eglanteria L. , Rosa floribunda Steven .

use

The rose hips are processed into wild rose oil and jam. The foliage of the wild rose Rosa rubiginosa smells like ripe apples, especially in damp weather, for this reason it was often used in the 19th century for crosses in rose breeding .

Some varieties are used as an ornamental plant.

Varieties (selection):

  • 'Amy Robsart'
  • 'Lift's Lip'
  • 'Magnifica'

literature

  • Heinrich Schultheis: Roses: the best kinds and sorts for the garden , Ulmer: Stuttgart 1996, ISBN 3-8001-6601-1
  • Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait. 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
  • Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of woody plants: Determination, properties and use. 4th edition, Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim), 2014, ISBN 978-3-8001-8246-6 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (Hrsg.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 3: Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Rosidae): Droseraceae to Fabaceae. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1992, ISBN 3-8001-3314-8 .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: Which tree is that? Kosmos nature guide. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart, 24th edition, 1992, ISBN 3-440-06570-7

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wine Rose. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Rosa rubiginosa in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved November 25, 2014.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Weed Identification - Australia : Sweet Briar - Rosa rubiginosa . ( Memento from September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  4. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 568.
  5. ↑ a b Ruprecht Düll, Herfried Kutzelnigg: Pocket dictionary of the plants of Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait. 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
  6. ↑ a b Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe. Volume 2: Yew plants to butterfly plants. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-440-06192-2 .
  7. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 58.

Web links

Commons : Wine Rose ( Rosa rubiginosa )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files