99 e régiment d'infantry

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Royal Deux-Ponts Regiment
99 e regiment d'infanterie

99e RI
99e RIA

Internal association badges
active 1757 to 1997
Country Armoiries république française.svg France
Armed forces Flag of France.svg French armed forces
Armed forces Flag of France.svg Armée française de terre
Branch of service infantry
Type Infantry Regiment / Mountain Infantry Regiment
Location Lyon
Patron saint Maurice d'Agaune
motto Ne pas subir
Awards Croix de la Légion d'honneur
Croix de guerre 1914–1918
with two palm branches

The 99 e régiment d'infanterie (at times also 99 e régiment d'infanterie alpin ) was an infantry regiment recruited from foreigners as the Régiment Royal Deux-Ponts in the service of the King of France. It was a so-called foreign regiment (Régiment étrangere) and until 1791 consisted mainly of German-speaking mercenaries . (The addition Royal stated that it was a regiment of the Crown, the regiment holder (Colonel) was thus the King himself and it was led militarily by a Colonel en second .) Established in 1757, it was established on January 1, 1791 in Renamed "99 e régiment d'infanterie" (99 e RI). It existed intermittently until it was dissolved in 1997. During the campaigns of the French Revolution and the First Empire, it was particularly distinguished and was also honored for its operations in the final phase of the Second World War .

history

Flags and uniforms of the royal regiment

  • Leibfahne until 1791

  • Ordinance flag until 1791

  • 1st Battalion 1791 to 1793

  • 2nd Battalion 1791 to 1793

  • 1757

  • 1762-1776

  • 1776-1791

  • 1791-1792

The history of the regiment began six years before it was actually founded in March 1751 with the conclusion of a friendship alliance between the Kingdom of France and the Duchy of Pfalz-Zweibrücken . In the treaty of April 7, 1756, Duke Christian IV of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld undertook to set up a "corps de deux mille hommes d'infanterie" (corps of 2,000 infantry) for the French king; in return, Christian subsidies of 80,000 florins were promised annually. Because of the Royal Decree of 19 February 1757 establishing a German infantry regiment under the name Royal Deux-Ponts on was set up the regiment. The negotiations at court were conducted by the ambassador Georg Wilhelm von Pachelbel from Zweibrücken , as well as the first commander of the regiment, Karl Christian Wilhelm von Closen. Advertising began as early as September 1756, and on April 1, 1757 the Régiment Royal Deux-Ponts entered service. In the early days it was stationed around Homburg and Zweibrücken . In the ranking of the infantry regiments he was assigned the number 91.

tradition

The history of the “24 e régiment d'infanterie légère” is inextricably linked to that of the “99 e régiment d'infanterie”, as it continued its name and tradition.

Structure history until 1803

  • 1757: Establishment of the Deux-Ponts royal regiment
  • January 1, 1791: With the decision of the National Assembly, it lost its royal attribute and from then on was called the 99 e régiment d'infanterie . On July 21, it was declared a French regiment and lost the status of a foreign regiment.
  • 1793: premier amalgams ; Reclassification in
177e demi-brigade from:
1st battalion of the 99e regiment d'infanterie (formerly Régiment Royal Deux-Ponts)
1st battalion de volontaires du Haut-Rhin
3rd battalion de volontaires du Bas-Rhin

In the "second amalgamation" the 1st battalion and the 2nd battalion of the 177 e demi-brigade into the "102 e demi-brigade de deuxième formation" (became the 102 e régiment d'infanterie in 1804 ) and the 3rd battalion incorporated into the “92 e demi-brigade de deuxième formation” (became the 92 e régiment d'infanterie in 1804 ).

178e demi-brigade from:
2. battalion of 99 e régiment d'infantry
6e battalion de volontaires du Nord
7th battalion de volontaires de la Seine-Inférieure

During the “Second Merger” it was incorporated into the “17 e demi-brigade de deuxième formation” (became the 17th e régiment d'infanterie in 1804 ).

  • 1814: After the first restoration , the regiment with the entire Napoleonic army was in September 1814 by King Louis XVIII. dismiss. In the French regimental lists for 1815 it is referred to as "vacant".

History of the "24 e régiment d'infanterie légère"

  • May 1796: 24 e demi-brigade légère is set up
  • 1803: Renamed to 24 e régiment d'infanterie légère
  • 1814: dissolution
  • 1840: re-erection
  • 1855: After the definition of light infantry was abandoned, the 24 e IRL was renamed the 99 e régiment d'infanterie .

Organizational events of the 99 e RI after 1855

  • 1914: When mobilizing, it set up its reserve regiment , the "299 e régiment d'infanterie".
  • 1997: Dissolution in Sathonay-Camp in the Rhône department

Mestres de camp / Colonels

Mestre de camp was from 1569 to 1661 and from 1730 to 1780 the denomination of rank for the regiment holder and / or for the officer in charge of the regiment. The name "Colonel" was used from 1721 to 1730, from 1791 to 1793 and from 1803 onwards.

After 1791 there were no more regimental owners.

Should the Mestre de camp / Colonel be a person of the high nobility who had no interest in leading the regiment (such as the king or queen), the command was given to the "Mestre de camp lieutenant" (or “Mestre de camp en second”) or the “Colonel-lieutenant” or “Colonel en second”.

  • 1781: Marquis de Custine - Colonel
  • 1791: Louis-Amable de Prez - Colonel
  • 1792: Jean-Christophe Wisch - Colonel (**)
  • March 12 to October 7, 1793: Jean François Leval - Colonel (**);

(...)

  • August 21, 1863 to August 6, 1870: Louis Albert Chagrin de Saint-Hilaire - Colonel
  • 1870–1876: François Gouzil - Colonel
  • 1898–1902: Charles Anglade - Colonel
  • 1905–1908: Joseph Louis Alphonse Baret - Colonel
  • January to November 1914: Paul Joseph Hyacinthe Mignot - Lieutenant-colonel Mignot (**)
  • 1916-1923: Colonel Borne
  • September 1939: Colonel Lacaze

Officers marked with a star later attained the rank of général de brigade - marked with two stars the rank of général de division

Colonel Wisch was wounded on March 2, 1792.

Garrisons from 1871 to 1914

  • 1871–1873: Nîmes
  • 1873: Gap, Embrun, Briançon
  • 1874: Montélimar
  • 1875–1885: Lyon, Vienne
  • 1885–1889: Lyon, Romans
  • 1889-1893: Lyon
  • 1893-1896: Gap , Mont-Dauphin
  • 1896–1902: Lyon, Bourgoin
  • 1902–1905: Gap, Mont-Dauphin, Ubaye et Queyras
  • 1905–1914: Lyon , Vienne

Battle calendar of the Régiment Royal Deux-Ponts, then 99 e RI (1757–1803)

Seven Years War

American War of Independence

On March 27, 1780, the regiment was assigned to the Expedition Corps, which was sent to aid the independence efforts of the British colonies in North America. These 6,000 men were under the command of Jean-Baptiste-Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau . Embarked in Brest on April 4, 1780 , the regiment reached Newport more than three months later . The commanding officer was the Count of Zweibrücken-Forbach . The unit consisted of 60% of Germans and 40% of Alsace-Lorraine people.

On the night of October 14-15, 1781, the grenadiers of the Deux-Ponts Regiment played an important role in the capture of Redoute No. 9, a key position in the defense system of the British fortress of Yorktown (Virginia) , which surrendered on October 19 took place. The regiment that had played a decisive role in the outcome of the battle left North America in July 1783.

Revolutionary Wars

At the Armée du Nord:

With the «Armée de Moselle»:

At the " Armée de Sambre-et-Meuse ":

With the «Armée d'Italie»:

  • April 16, 1794: Battle at the Ponte-di-Nova
  • May 26, 1794: Battle near Sotta
  • September 21, 1794: Battle at la Rochetta
  • November 22, 1795: Battle of Loano
  • Italian campaign 1796–1797:
Battle of Voltri, Battle of Millesimo , Battle of Dego and Battle of Montenotte , Battle of Fombio, Battle of Borghetto

At the "Armée de Sambre-et-Meuse":

  • 1796: Campaign in Germany:
Battle of Limburg and Battle of Altenkirchen , battle near Neuhof

With the «Armée d'Italie»:

Combat calendar 24 e régiment d'infantry casual (1796-1814 and 1840-1855)

For the sake of a better overview, a continuous text has been dispensed with in favor of a chronological order.

Wars of the Revolution and the Empire

With the « Grande Armée »:

Napoleon in the battle of Regensburg

1840-1855

Again as 99 e RI

Second empire

Siege of Puebla , Battle of Aculcingo (here it was awarded the Cross of the Legion of Honor)
August 6, 1870: Battle of Wörth
September 1870: Battle of Sedan

First World War

When war broke out, the regiment was garrisoned in Lyon and Vienne . It was part of the 55 e Brigade d'infantry; 28 in the e Division d'infantry; in the 14 e Corps d'Armée.

1914

1915

  • March: The 99e RI recruit depot set up the "414e e régiment d'infanterie".
  • September 28th to November 6th: Autumn battle in Champagne

1916

1917

1918

Second World War

In September 1939 the regiment in Lyon and Modane was re- established under the name 99 e  RIA ( régiment d'infanterie alpine , 99th Mountain Infantry Regiment). The commanding officer was Colonel Lacaze. It belonged to the "28 e  DIAlp" (Division d'infanterie alpine - 28th mountain division) and was used on the border with Italy. From November 1939 to April 1940 it was then in northern Alsace . Relocated briefly to the Poligny region , on May 18, 1940 it was commanded to le Chemin des Dames , where it had fought 23 years earlier. After the armistice, the unit was disbanded in order to be reorganized on the Alpine front in December 1944. The struggles within the Ain-Jura resistance army are immortalized on the regiment's flag.

After 1945

Between 1945 and 1968 the continuation of the unit was uncertain. Once in regimental form, then again only in battalion strength, most of his members were given up to the 25e bataillon de chasseurs à pied (25th battalion hunters on foot), which was set up for the 1954 campaign in Tunisia. In November 1954 the regiment set up a marching battalion for use in Algeria , the "99 e bataillon d'infanterie marche algerienne" 99 e BMIA - 99th Algeria Infantry Marching Battalion, which came in September 1955 for a brief deployment in Morocco . On October 1, 1955, it was used to set up the “15e bataillon de chasseurs alpins” (15 e BCA - 25th Alpine Hunter Battalion). On this date, the 99 e RI's involvement in North Africa ended. From then on, the “neuf-neuf” acted mainly as a training unit for soldiers destined for Algeria and as a support association for the “8e région militaire” (8th military region).

On October 1, 1968, the rump unit was transferred to the target inventory for the last time and activated as the "99 e régiment d'infanterie". Due to the new task, it was removed from the mountain troops. In 1978 it set up a cadre reserve regiment , the "299 e régiment d'infanterie". Several detachments were deployed to Lebanon between 1982 and 1986. Between 1992 and 1993 it carried out its last foreign assignment in Bosnia . At the end of May 1997 the regiment was disbanded in the course of the downsizing of the army and the elimination of conscription .

On May 31, 1997, the "99 e RI" - colloquially known as "neuf-neuf" or "régiment de Lyon", was deleted from the "Ordre de bataille de l'armée de terre" (battle order of the French army). From the Kingdom to the 5th Republic, the “Régiment Royal Deux-Ponts” then “99e RI” left its mark on the battlefields across Europe, in North America, in North Africa and in Mexico. It had fought in two world wars and was involved in security missions in Lebanon and New Caledonia .

Regimental flag

On the back of the regimental flag (since Napoleonic times) the campaigns and battles in which the regiment took part are listed in gold letters.

99e regiment d'infanterie de ligne - drapeau.svg

Awards

The flag ribbon

is with the Croix de la Légion d'honneur for the conquest of an enemy standard in 1862 near Aculcingo, Mexico;
with the Croix de guerre 1914-1918 as an award for two honorable mentions in the army command
and decorated with the Fourragère in the colors of the Croix de guerre 1914–1918

  • Legion of Honor

  • Croix de guerre 1914–1918 with two palm branches

  • Fourragère

Motto

Ne Pas Subir
(take nothing)

literature

  • Ernst Drumm: The Royal Deux-Ponts Regiment. German blood on princely orders in foreign service and pay . Zweibrücken 1936.
  • Charles Pierre Victor Pajol: Les guerres sous Louis XV . tape 7 . Paris 1887, p. 7 ( online at archive.org).

Footnotes

  1. ↑ 99th Mountain Infantry Regiment
  2. ↑ "Royal Infantry Regiment Zweibrücken"
  3. ^ The addition "allemand" was not used in common usage.
  4. ↑ Helge Siefert: Crossing borders - Madame de Pompadour and their direct and indirect influence , in: Xavier Salmon (ed.): Madame de Pompadour and the arts . Hirmer, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-7774-9410-0 , p. 391.
  5. ↑ a reserve regiment
  6. ↑ «  Décision n ° 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT du 14 September 2007 relative aux inscriptions de noms de batailles sur les drapeaux et étendards des corps de troupe de l'armée de terre, du service de santé des armées et du service des essences des armées, Bulletin officiel des armées, n ° 27, 9 November 2007  »(German:“ Provision n ° 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT of September 14, 2007 on the appearance of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the Troops of the army, the medical service and the fuel supply branch. Published with the official army bulletin No. 27 of November 9, 2007 ")
  7. ↑ "  Arrêté relatif à l'attribution de l'inscription AFN 1952–1962 sur les drapeaux et étendards des formations des armées et services, du 19 novembre 2004 (A) NORDEF0452926A Michèle Alliot-Marie  " (German: "Order AFN 1952–1962 on the assignment of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the formations of the army and the services of November 19, 2004 (A) NORDEF0452926A Michèle Alliot-Marie ")
  8. ↑ This also applies to units that have already been disbanded, as they can (theoretically) be put back into active service at any time

See also

Web links

To participate in the American War of Independence: