Infantry étrangère de ligne

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Ordonnance flag of the "Régiment de Boufflers-Wallon"
Ordinance flag of the "Regiment de Royal-Deux-Ponts"

The infantry foreign regiments (infantry étrangère de ligne) were infantry regiments of the French army of the ancien régime recruited abroad . Their relatives came mainly from Switzerland (Régiment suisse), Germany (Régiment allemand), Ireland (Régiment irlandaise) and Wallonia (Régiment wallon or Régiment liégeois) as well as some other countries, from which only small contingents were required. The regiments from Sweden and Poland were commonly referred to as German regiments, while the Scottish units were classified under Ireland. Only the "Régiment de Yoel" and its successor association, the "Régiment Royal-Danois" alone bore the name "Régiment danois".

In the case of the Swiss regiments, the addition “des grisons” (Graubündner) or “de bâlois” (Basler) is used several times.

Listed here are the foreign regiments of the royal French line infantry of the 17th and 18th centuries with their orderly flags and uniforms (as far as these could be determined).

Due to the custom of naming regiments after their owner, most units changed names several times over the decades - and also the flags, provided the new colonel had his own ideas. However, the design of the flags of the foreign regiments differed mainly from those of the French line. While the latter almost always put no emphasis on artistic design, the foreign regiments mostly used elaborately (and correspondingly more expensive) designed flags.

Uniforms

In 1762, with the so-called “ Choiseul Decree”, each regiment was assigned a number in the ranking. The ranking in the numbering represented the social rank of the association and was hotly contested. This number was written on the buttons of the uniform . However, that did not change the practice of naming. It was not until 1791/92 that the previous procedure was abolished, and the associations were now only assigned one number. For example, the regiment with the last name “Régiment de Dillon” became the “87ème régiment d'infanterie de ligne”. However, one did not always stick to the previously assigned number.

The situation regarding the uniform of the regiments that were disbanded in 1762 or incorporated into another regiment is unclear. It can no longer be determined whether the planned refurbishment actually took place this year. On the other hand, the uniforms and effects in France at that time were of the very cheapest quality, so that the re-uniforming of a complete regiment was financially not too high.

The distinguishing features of the individual regiments result mainly from the color differences of the borders and cuffs , as well as the buttons. Furthermore, one could recognize the bandages by the shape of the lap pocket flaps and the arrangement and number of buttons on these and the chest discounts. The color of the uniform only played a subordinate role here, since most of the regiments (of French origin) wore white uniforms anyway (undyed fabric was cheapest), the Swiss and Irish wore red and the Germans blue.

With the decree of 1775 one deviated from the previous practice and tried to replace the proven distinguishing features with colors. (The pocket flaps were uniformly designed without buttons, the discounts were also uniformly given seven buttons.) If this system was difficult to understand, it got completely out of control with the increase in the army and the decree of 1776. Since naturally only a limited number of colors were available, fictitious colors such as linen gray, iron gray or brown-yellow were used. Since no satisfactory result could be achieved with this system, a radical cure was carried out in 1779 and from then on the regimental identification was based on a logical system. Here one returned to the different pocket flaps and explicitly used the cuffs for the first time to distinguish them.

The “Decrets d'application” first stipulated the cut and color of the uniforms in March 1729, without any lasting attention to the implementation of this regulation. However, there had already been uniforms. However, it was up to the owners who were responsible for equipping the regiments as to what they looked like. Therefore there were several regiments with the same uniform.

This was followed by the decrees of 1734 of April 20, 1736, of 1757, 1762, 1767, 1776, 1779 and the last of the royal army of October 1786. The decree of January 1, 1791 already saw the blue-white-red cockade on the hat before, the previous three-cornered hat should be replaced by the caterpillar helmet à la Schomberg. However, this could only be delivered in sufficient numbers from 1792, so that most regiments still appear with the hat in 1791. With the provisional decree of 1792, the Swiss regiments were dissolved, all others lost their status as foreign regiments, they were integrated into the French army as regular units. (Unless they preferred to return home or join the royalists.)

There is no overview of uniforms for the period before 1720, as each regiment owner was usually assigned a salary by the king in order to equip and clothe his regiment. For many the temptation was too great, they diverted part of this money for themselves, which is why the troops often fell short in terms of quality and uniformity.

The year numbers given on the uniforms refer only to the uniform pattern worn in the year in question or to the year of the decree to wear it (Decret d'application) and has nothing to do with the existence of the regiment. There is no longer any information about the uniforms of a large number of regiments, especially all those formed before 1720.

Danish regiments

Régiment de Yoel
Established 1690 → 1692: Régiment de Royal Danois (dissolved in 1698)

  • Régt Yoel and Régt Royal Danois

Irish regiments

  • Régiment d'Albany
    Mentioned in the list of 1734 as 137e régiment d'infanterie

  • Régiment de Betagh
    Mentioned in the 1762 list as 78e régiment d'infanterie

Régiment de Berwick Compiled
1698
→ 1791: 88ème régiment d'infanterie de ligne

  • Life flag de Berwick 1698

  • de Berwick 1698

  • Life flag de Berwick 1781

  • Berwick 1781

  • Berwick 1720

  • Berwick 1762

  • Berwick 1767

  • Berwick 1776

Régiment de Dillon
Established 1690
→ 1791: 87ème régiment d'infanterie de ligne

  • Rég de Dillon 1690

  • Rég de Dillon 1730

  • Reg de Dillon 1739

  • Dillon 1720

  • Dillon 1734

  • Dillon 1762

  • Dillon 1776-1786

  • Dillon 1786-1791

  • Dillon 1791

Régiment de Montcassel
Established 1690
→ 1694: Merged with Rég d 'O'Brien to form Régiment de Lee
→ 1730: Régiment de Bulkeley 77e RI
→ 1775: Incorporation into Régiment de Dillon

  • Rég de Montcassel and all subsequent associations

  • Bulkeley 1720

  • Bulkeley 1734

  • Bulkeley 1762

Régiment d 'O'Brien
Established 1689
→ 1694: Merged with Rég de Montcassel to form Rég de Lée

  • Rég d'O'Brien 1689

Régiment de Clare
Established 1690
→ 1706: Rég d 'O'Brien
→ 1720: Rég de Clare
→ 1775: incorporated into Rég de Berwick

  • Rég de Clare 1690

  • Rég d O'Brien 1706-1720

  • Rég de Clare 1720

  • Rég de Clare 1720

  • Rég de Clare 1734

Régiment de Dorrington
Established 1698
→ 1718: Régiment de Rooth
→ 1766: Régiment de Roscommon
→ 1770: Régiment de Walsh 95e RI
→ 1791: 92ème régiment d'infanterie de ligne

  • Body flag

  • Rég Dorrington and all subsequent associations

  • Rooth 1720

  • 1734

  • Rég Rooth 1762

  • Walsh 1776

Régiment de Lally
Established 1744
→ 1762: Incorporation into the Régiment de Dillon

  • Reg Lally

  • Rég Lally 1744

Régiment d'Ogilvy
Established 1747
→ 1770: Incorporation into the Régiment de Clare 104 RI

  • Rég d Ogilvy life flag

  • Rég d Ogilvy orderly flag

  • Ogilvy 1747

Régiment de Royal Écossais
Established 1743/44
→ 1762: Incorporation into the Régiment de Bulkeley 77e RI

  • Royal Ecossais body flag

  • Royal Écossais orderly flag

  • Royal Écossais 1743 / 44–1757

Walloon regiments

Régiment de Solre
Established 1698
→ 1711: Régiment de Beaufort
→ 1721: Régiment de Boufflers 98e RI
→ 1727: Régiment de La Valliére 98e RI
→ 1741: Régiment de Guise 98e RI
→ 1747: Régiment d'Escars 98e RI
→ 1749: Incorporation into Régiment de Tournaisis (Régiment français)

  • Rég Solre to Rég La Valliére

  • La Vallière

  • Rég Guise and Rég Escars

Régiment de Boufflers-Wallon
Established 1744: 128e RI (dissolved in 1748)

  • Boufflers-Wallon

  • Boufflers-Wallon 1744

  • Boufflers Wallon from around 1746

Régiment de Horion
Established 1757 - Disbanded: 1762

  • Body flag

  • Orderly flag

Régiment de Mesle (liégeois - Walloon)
Established in 1629 by the Baron de Mesle
→ 1630 Rég de Hautepenne (enters French service)
→ 1631 inactive
→ reactivated in 1633 as the French regiment de la Bloquiere

  • Regiment de la Bloquerie

Régiment de Miromesnil
Established: 1664 - Disbanded: 1714

  • Rég de Miromesnil

Régiment de Royal Liégeois
Established: 1787
→ 1791 101ème régiment d'infanterie de ligne

  • Rég Royal Liégeois

Régiment de Vierzet (liégeois)
Established: 1757 - Disbanded: 1762

  • Rgt de Vierzet

Régiment de Royal-Wallon
Established 1734 127e RI - Disbanded 1748

  • Royal Wallon

  • Royal Wallon (body flag)

  • Royal Wallon 1749

  • Royal Wallon 1754

German regiments

Régiment d'Alsace
Established 1656
→ 1791: 53 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne

  • Alsace 1656-1760

  • Alsace 1760-1791

  • Alsace 1720

  • Alsace 1734

  • Alsace 1762-1767

  • Alsace 1767-1776

  • Alsace 1776-1791

  • ex Alsace 1791–1792

Régiment de Lowendahl established
1743
→ 1759: incorporation:

  • Rgt de Lowendahl

Régiment de Fürstenberg
Established 1668
→ 1686: Régiment de Greder
→ 1716: Régiment de Sparre
→ 1720: Régiment de Saxe 45e RI
→ 1751: Régiment de Bentheim 46e RI
→ 1759: Régiment d'Anhalt 46e RI
→ 1783: Régiment de Salm-Salm
→ 1791: 62 e regiment d'infanterie de ligne

  • Furstenberg

  • Rég Greder body flag

  • Greder 1st model

  • Greder 2nd model

  • Rég Sparre, Bentheim and Salm-Salm

  • Saxe 1720

  • Saxe

  • Saxe 1734

  • Stop

  • Anhalt 1762

Régiment de Bergh 125e RI
Established 1744
→ 1760: Incorporation into the Régiment d'Alsace 53 e RI

  • Rég de Bergh

  • Rég de Bergh

Régiment de Bouillon 103 e RI
Established 1757
→ 1791: 98 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne

  • bouillon

  • bouillon

Régiment de Fersen 130 e RI
Established 1745
→ 1754: Régiment de Nassau-Usingen 130 e RI
→ 1758: Incorporation into Régiment de Nassau 88 e RI

Régiment de Saint Germain 134 e RI

Established 1747
→ 1760: Incorporation into Régiment de Nassau 88 e RI

Régiment de Nassau-Sarrebruck 131 e RI
Established 1745
→ 1758: Régiment de Nassau 88 e RI
→ 1791: 96 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne

  • Rég Fersen and Rég Nassau-Usingen

  • Heels 1734

  • Saint Germain

  • Saint Germain 1734

  • Rég Nassau-Saarbrücken and Rég Nassau

  • Nassau-Saarbrücken 1734

  • Nassau 1762-1767

  • Nassau 1767-1779

  • Nassau 1776

  • Nassau 1776-1791

  • ex Nassau 1791–1792

Régiment de Leisler
Established 1690
→ 1694: Rég de Sparre
→ 1714: Régiment de Lenck
→ 1734: Régiment d'Appelgrehn 105e RI
→ 1742: Régiment de Royal Suèdois
→ 1791: 89 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne

  • Leibfahne until 1760

  • Rég Leisler to Royal-Suédois 1742

  • Rég Appelgrehn 1734

  • Rég Royal Suédois 1749

  • Life flag Rég Royal Suédois 1760–1790

  • Royal Suédois 1760–1790

  • Rég Royal Suédois 1762–1776

  • Rég Royal Suédois 1776–1771

Régiment de Königsmarck (Konigsmarck) 63e RI
Established 1680
→ 1686: Régiment de Surbeck
→ 1693: Régiment de Fürstemberg (Furstemberg)
→ 1697: Régiment de La Marck
→ 1791: 77 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne

  • Rég de Surbeck to Rég de La Marck 1730

  • de La Marck 1730-1791

  • la marck 1734

  • la Marck 1762-1767

  • la Marck 1776-1791

Régiment Royal Bavière
Established 1709
→ 1780: Règiment Royal Hesse Darmstadt 97e RI
→ 1791: 94 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne

  • Rég Royal Bavière and Royal Hesse-Darmstadt

  • Life flag of the Rég Royal-Bavière

  • Rég Royal Bavière 1734

  • Rég Royal Bavière 1740

  • Rég Royal Bavière 1757

  • Royal Bavière 1762-1780

  • Royal Hessen-Darmstadt 1786

Régiment de Royal Deux Ponts
Established 1757
→ 1791: 99 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne

  • Life flag Royal Deux-Ponts

  • Royal Deux-Ponts

  • Royal Deux-Ponts 1757

  • Royal Deux-Ponts 1762–1776

  • Royal Deux-Ponts 1776–1791

Régiment de Royal-Pologne 136 e RI Established 1747 - Disbanded 1763

  • Royal Pologne

  • Rgt Royal Pologne 1734

Swiss regiments

Régiment de Stoppa le Jeune
Established 1677
→ 1692: Régiment de Surbeck
→ 1714: Régiment de Hemel 62 e RI
→ 1729: Régiment de Besenval 62 e RI
→ 1741: Régiment de La Cour au Chantre 62 e RI
→ 1749: Régiment de Grandvillars 62 e RI
→ 1749: Régiment de Balthazar 62 e RI
→ 1754: Régiment de Planta 62 e RI
→ 1760: Régiment d'Arbonnier 62 e RI
→ 1763: Régiment de Jenner 62 e RI
→ 1774: Régiment d'Aubonne 79 e RI
→ 1783: Régiment de Châteauvieux 79 e RI
→ 1791: 76 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne
→ 1792: Dismissal of the Swiss and reorganized with French soldiers

  • Stoppa le Jeune

  • Rég Surbeck, Grandvillars, Balthazar, La Cour au Chantre

  • Rég Hemel, Planta, Arbonnier

  • Hemel 1720-1729

  • Bezenwald

  • Bezenwald 1729-1734

  • La Cour au Chantre 1734

  • Arbonnier 1762

  • de Jenner, d'Aulbonne & de Châteauvieux

  • Rég d'Aulbonne 1776-1779

  • Châteauvieux 1786

Régiment de Greder 54 e RI
Established 1673
→ 1714: Régiment d'Affry 54 e RI
→ 1734: Régiment de Wittmer 54 e RI
→ 1757: Régiment de Waldner 55 e RI
→ 1783: Régiment de Vigier 51 e RI
→ 1791: 69 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne
→ 1792: continued existence with a tribe of voluntary Swiss and French soldiers

  • Greder

  • d'Affry

  • Affry 1720

  • Wittmer 1734

  • Wittmer 1734

  • Wittmer 1753

  • Waldner 1757

  • Waldner 1762-1767

  • Waldner 1767–1776

  • Waldner 1771

  • Waldner 1776

  • Vigier

  • Vigier 1786-1791

Régiment de Salis
Established 1672
→ 1690: Régiment de Pollier
→ 1692: Régiment de Reynold
→ 1702: Régiment de Castellas (Castella) 49 e RI
→ 1722: Régiment de Bettens 48 e RI
→ 1739: Régiment de Monnin 50 e RI
→ 1756: Régiment de Reding 51 e RI
→ 1763: Régiment de Pfyffer 51 e RI
→ 1768: Régiment de Sonnenberg 68 e RI
→ 1791: 65 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne
→ 1792: Dismissal of the Swiss and reorganized with French soldiers

  • Pollier

  • Reynold

  • Castellas

  • Castellas 1720

  • Bettens

  • Bettens 1727

  • Bettens 1734

  • Bettens (Sergeants) 1734

  • Monnin

  • Monin 1739

  • Monin 1740

  • de Reding 1756

  • de Reding 1762

  • de Pfyffer 1763

  • Sonnenberg

  • Sonnenberg 1776

  • Sonnenberg 1786

Régiment d'Erlach 49 e RI
Established 1671
→ 1694: Régiment de Manuel 49 e RI
→ 1701: Régiment de Villars-Chandieu
→ 1728: Régiment de May
→ 1739: Régiment de Bettens 49 e RI
→ 1751: Régiment de Jenner 49 e RI
→ 1762: Régiment d'Erlach 49 e RI
→ 1782: Régiment d'Ernest 49 e RI
→ 1791: 63 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne
→ 1792: Dismissal of the Swiss and reorganized with French soldiers

  • d'Erlach 1671

  • de Manuel - body flag

  • de Manuel

  • de Villars-Chandieu

  • de Villars-Chandieu 1720-1729

  • de May

  • de May 1729

  • de Bettens 1739

  • de Jenner - Leibfahne 1751

  • de Jenner 1751–1762

  • d'Erlach 1762

  • d'Erlach 1762-1776

  • d'Erlach 1776-1791

  • d'Ernest

Régiment de Stoppa le Vieux
Established 1672
→ 1701: Régiment de Brendle 49 e RI
→ 1738: Régiment de Seedorf
→ 1752: Régiment de Boccard
→ 1782: Régiment de Salis-Samade
→ 1791: 64 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne
→ 1792: Dismissal of the Swiss and reorganized with French soldiers

  • Stoppa le Vieux

  • de Brendle - body flag

  • de Brendle

  • Brendle 1720-1734

  • Brendle 1734

  • Seedorf

  • Seedorf 1749

  • de Boccard 1752

  • de Boccard 1762-1776

  • Rég deBoccard 1776–1779

  • de Salis-Samade - body flag

  • de Salis-Samade

Régiment de Salis-Soglio
Established 1690
→ 1702: Régiment de May 75 e RI
→ 1715: Régiment du Buisson 75 e RI
→ 1721: Régiment de Diesbach 75 e RI
→ 1791: 85 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne
→ 1792: Dismissal of the Swiss and French soldiers reorganized

  • de May - body flag

  • de May

  • Buisson

  • Buisson 1720-1721

  • de Diesbach 1721–1740

  • de Diesbach 1740–1757

  • de Diesbach 1757–1771

  • de Diesbach 1771

  • de Diesbach 1734

  • de Diesbach 1762

  • de Diesbach 1776

  • Diesbach 1786

Régiment de Pfyffer
Established 1672
→ 1689: Régiment d'Hessy
→ 1729: Régiment de Burky 51 e RI
→ 1737: Régiment de Tschudy 51 e RI
→ 1740: Régiment de Vigier 51 e RI
→ 1756: Régiment de Castellas 51 e RI
→ 1791 : 66 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne
→ 1792: Dismissal of the Swiss and reorganized with French soldiers

  • Life flag of the Régiment de Pfyffer 1672 (obverse)

  • Life flag of the Régiment de Pfyffer 1672 (reverse)

  • Pfyffer

  • de Hessy 1689-1729

  • Hessy 1720-1729

  • Burky

  • Burky 1729

  • Rég de Tschudy - body flag

  • Tschudy

  • Chudy 1734

  • de Vigier - Leibfahne 1740–1753

  • de Vigier 1740–1756

  • de Vigier 1740

  • de Vigier 1753–1756

  • de Vigier - Leibfahne 1753–1756

  • de Castellas

  • de Castellas 1762

  • de Castellas 1776

Régiment de Courten 76 e RI
Established 1690
→ 1791: 86 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne
→ 1792: continued existence with a tribe of voluntary Swiss and filled with French soldiers

  • de Courten 1690-1720

  • de Courten 1720-1740

  • de Courten 1740–1791

  • de Courten 1729

  • de Courten 1734

  • de Courten 1762

  • de Courten 1767

  • de Courten 1776

Régiment d'Eptingen 105 e RI
Established 1758
→ 1783: Régiment de Schönau (Schonau)
→ 1786: Régiment de Reinach
→ 1791: 100 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne
→ 1792: Dismissal of the Swiss and reorganized with French soldiers

  • d'Eptingen - body flag

  • Eptingen

  • from Schönau (Schonau)

  • Eptingen 1762

  • Eptingen 1776

  • de Reinach - Leibfahne 1786–1791

  • de Reinach 1786

  • Rég Reinach 1791

Régiment de Karrer
Established 1719
→ 1753: Régiment de Hallwyl
→ 1763: incorporated into the Régiment de Béarn (Régiment français)

  • Rég de Karrer and Rég de Hallwyl

  • Karrer 1734

  • Karrer 1740

Régiment de Lochmann
Established 1758
→ 1777: Régiment de Muralt
→ 1782: Régiment de Steiner
→ 1791: 97 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne
→ 1792: Dismissal of the Swiss and reorganized with French soldiers

  • de Lochmann - body flag

  • de Lochmann

  • Lochmann 1762

  • Lochmann 1776

  • de Muralt - body flag

  • de Muralt

  • de Steiner - body flag

  • de Steiner

Régiment de Travers 120 e RI
Established 1734
→ 1740: Régiment de Salis-Soglio
→ 1744: Régiment de Salis Mayenfeld 99 e RI
→ 1762: Régiment de Salis-Marchlins 99 e RI
→ 1791: 95 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne
→ 1792 : Dismissal of the Swiss and reorganized with French soldiers

  • Traverses

  • Travers 1734

  • Travers 1740

  • de Salis-Soglio

  • de Salis Mayenfeld

  • de Salis-Marschlin (Marchlin)

  • de Salis-Marschlin (Marchlin)

  • de Salis-Marschlin 1776

Others

Régiment des Gardes Lorraine
Established in 1737 as the Lorraine Guard
Regiment → 1766: incorporated into the French army as the Régiment de Lorraine.

  • Flag 1740 to 1791

  • Uniform from 1737 to 1744

  • Uniform from 1744 to 1762

  • Uniform from 1762 to 1766

Régiment de Royal-Italy
Established 1671
→ 1788: Disbanded and distributed among the hunters on foot

  • Rég Royal-Italy

  • Rég Royal-Italy 1762–1776

  • Rég Royal-Italy 1776–1779

See also

literature

  • Jean-Jaques de Nauyon de Curmont: Les uniformes et les drapeaux de l'armée du roi . Marseille 1899 (3 vol.)
  • Denis Diderot and Jean-Baptiste le Rond d'Alembert : Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers . Paris 1751/72 (28 vol.)
  • Serge Andolenko : Recueil d'Historiques de l'Infanterie Française . Eurimprin, Paris 1969.
  • Eugène Fieffé: History of Foreign Forces in the Service of France. From their creation up to our days, as well as all regiments that were raised in the conquered countries under the First Republic and the Empire, Volume 1 . Deschler-Verlag, Munich 1866.
  • Hans-Joachim Kühn: German foreign regiments in royal French service. In: Saarland family studies . Vol. 28 (1995), Volume 7, Issue 111, pp. 439-448. ( online PDF ).
  • Henri Bouchot: L'Epopée du costume militaire français . Édition Copernic, Paris 1980, ISBN 2-85984-050-8 (unchanged reprint of the Paris 1898 edition; illustrated by Jacques Onfroy de Bréville)
  • Pierre Charrié: Drapeaux et étendards du Roi. Léopard d'Or, Paris 1989, ISBN 2-86377-090-X .
  • René Chartrand (text), Eugène Lelièpvre (illustrations): Louis XV's Army . Reed International Books, London 1996/2003.
  • Funcken: Le costume et les armes des soldiers de tous les temps. Casterman, 1966.
  • Liliane Funcken, Fred Funcken: L'uniforme et les armes des soldats de la Guerre en dentelles, vol. 1 . Casterman, Tournai 1975, ISBN 2-203-14302-9 .
    • German: Historical uniforms. Napoleonic period, 18th and 19th centuries . Orbis-Verlag, Munich 1989, ISBN 3-572-07442-8 .
  • Albert Rigondaud: Le Plumet. Uniformes et drapeaux de l'armée de l'Ancien régime et du 1er Empire. Paris 1971.
  • Lucien Rousselot: L'Armée Française. Ses uniformes, son équipement, son armement. Le Livre Chez Vous, Paris 2009, ISBN 978-2-914288-41-5 (2 vols., Unchanged reprint of the Paris 1969 edition).

Remarks

  1. ↑ There are several spellings for the Reg. Nassau-Saarbrücken, so: Rég de Nassau-Saarbrück or Rég de Nassau-Sarrebruck - also the Reg. Fürstenberg, which is also mentioned under Rég de Furstemberg.
  2. ↑ The illustrator operated under the pseudonym "JOB".
  3. ↑ This book was published under the pseudonym "Rigo".

Web links

Commons : Colors of the Royal French Infantry - Foreign Regiments  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Commons : Foreign regiments in french service during the Ancien Regime  - Collection of images, videos and audio files