Sophie Prague

Sophie Prag (born June 11, 1895 in Ankum , † April 29, 1955 in Miraflores , Peru ) was a German pediatrician . After the takeover by the Nazis , she was severely restricted as a Jew of Professional Conduct, therefore emigrated to in 1933 to Peru. Sophie Prag is considered to be the first female high school graduate from Jever's Mariengymnasium and Jever's first female graduate .

Life

Mariengymnasium Jever

Title page of the doctoral thesis (Heidelberg 1920)

Sophie Prag was the daughter of the Ankum cloth merchant Viktor Prag and his wife Emilie Miriam, née Weinberg, who came from Hage . The family included two other children: Paul, who later also emigrated to Peru and died in Lima , and Jenny Ita, who married Adolf Abraham Baruch from New Chancellor Adolf Abraham Baruch on December 1, 1918 and took up residence in Delmenhorst . The Prague family moved from Ankum to Jever in 1903 , where they took over the JM Valk & Söhne Successor department store on Neue Strasse .

In Jever, Sophie Prague first attended elementary school and then the lyceum . The services rendered there, as well as the advocacy of the Grand Ducal Oldenburg regional rabbi David Mannheimer, moved the parents to enable their daughter to go to higher education. After private preparations, Sophie Prag entered the upper secondary school of the Mariengymnasium in Jever and became its first student. Apart from the subjects of physical exercise and religion, she took part in regular classes. At Easter 1915 she acquired the general university entrance qualification certificate - exempt from the oral examination . This made her the first high school graduate at the school , which had existed since the 16th century .

In the summer semester of 1915 , Sophie Prag enrolled at the Medical Faculty of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt am Main . There she also passed the preliminary medical examination in autumn 1917 . She completed the first two clinical semesters at the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich . From there she made her way to the Ruprecht-Karls-Universität in Heidelberg , where, after three more semesters, she passed the state medical examination in the summer of 1920 . She then did her doctorate in 1920 with August Wagenmann in Heidelberg on a case of shrapnel injuries to the eye . She is thus Jever's first female academic.

Prague worked under Arnold Orgler on the municipal nursing home for babies and mothers in Berlin-Neukölln, which was founded in 1923 . There she published the magazine article in 1924 about left shift of the blood count in breast children. After years of assistance in Szczecin , she settled in Osnabrück as a pediatrician in 1927 . There she was one of two local Jewish doctors, alongside the pediatrician Frieda Löwenstein. Despite the above-average schooling of the Jewish girls, the two were exceptional.

When the National Socialists came to power, the Jewish doctor's practice was severely restricted and her health insurance license withdrawn. As a consequence of this development, which amounted to a professional ban, Sophie Prague emigrated to Peru. According to the Bremen passenger lists, she boarded the cargo ship Roland on November 16, 1933 , which brought her to Callao . She took up residence in the Peruvian capital. However, she was unable to build on “her professional career, which she began with commitment” when she was abroad. She earned her living by visiting German-Jewish emigrants and Swiss families at home.

Sophie Prag died in 1954 at the age of 59 in Miraflores, a district of Lima . Her grave is in the local Jewish cemetery.

Honors

• The lower school building of the Mariengymnasium was named after Sophie Prag on April 5, 2011.
• The city of Jever named a street after Sophie Prague on November 1st, 2018.

Fonts (selection)

• About a case of shrapnel injuries to the eye. [1920] (unpublished dissertation, University of Heidelberg, 1920).
• About left shift of the blood count in breast children. In: Monthly for Pediatrics. Vol. 29, 1924, pp. 31-34.

literature

• Maria von Borries: Your name is alive. On the history of the Jews in the Bersenbrück region . Rasch Verlag, Bramsche 1997, ISBN 3-932147-30-8 , pp. 87-94.
• Hartmut Peters: From the photo albums of the students and teachers. In: Mariengymnasium Jever (Ed.): 425 years Mariengymnasium Jever 1573 - 1998; Contributions to the past and present of the school. Verlag Mettcker & Söhne, Jever 1998, p. 41.
• Panikos Panayi: Life and Death in a German Town: Osnabrück from the Weimar Republic to World War II and Beyond. Publisher IB Tauris, London / New York 2007, ISBN 978-1-84511-348-3 , p. 183.
• Volker Landig: The doctor Sophie Prag escaped the Holocaust by emigrating to Peru. In: Frisian homeland. Supplement 441 of the Jever weekly paper . November 5, 2011, p. 1 ff.
• Elisabeth Irani: Dr. Sophie Prag, Jew and doctor from Ankum. In: Heimat-Hefte for village and parish Ankum. No. 14, 2011, p. 59 f.
• Hartmut Siefken: The foundation for many careers was laid. In: Yesterday and Today. Supplement to the Wilhelmshavener Zeitung . February 23, 2013, p. 20 f. ( Online publication ( Memento of September 16, 2013 in the Internet Archive )).
• Ostfriesische Landschaft (Ed.): Journey into the Jewish East Frisia. Aurich 2013, p. 27 ( online publication , accessed on March 27, 2016).

Web links

• Known people from Jever , accessed March 26, 2016.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Personal data , accessed on March 27, 2016.
2. ^ Family database Jews in the German Empire : Viktor Prague ; accessed on March 25, 2016.
3. ^ Family database Jews in the German Empire : Paul Prag ; Retrieved April 17, 2016
4. ↑ Maria von Borries: Your name is alive. On the history of the Jews in the Bersenbrück region . Bramsche 1997, p. 88; the marriage came about through a Jewish marriage broker ( Schadchen ).
5. ^ Family database Jews in the German Empire : Jenny Ita Prague ; Retrieved April 17, 2016
6. ↑ Detlef Garz, Gesine Janssen: About the lack of character of the German people. To the autobiographical notes of the Jewish doctor and emigrant Dr. Julian Kretschmer from Emden . Oldenburg 2006. p. 74; see Figure 9 (label on the left edge of the picture)
7. ↑ Maria von Borries: Your name is alive. On the history of the Jews in the Bersenbrück region . Bramsche 1997, p. 87
8. ↑ ^{a b c} So Sophie Prag in her curriculum vitae attached to the dissertation in 1920 .
9. ↑ Ulrich Schönborn: “Determined to go their way”. Lower level building is named after Sophie Prag , NWZ Online , April 6, 2011, accessed on March 25, 2016.
10. ↑ ^{a b} Dissertation , Heidi catalog of the Heidelberg University Library , accessed on April 2, 2016.
11. ↑ Herbert Obenaus (Ed.): Historical manual of the Jewish communities in Lower Saxony and Bremen . Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2005, ISBN 3-89244-753-5 , p. 916.
12. ^ Jever's first female academic , accessed March 26, 2016.
13. ↑ Information on the municipal nursing home for babies and mothers at: Harry Joe Aronowicz: From the municipal nursing home for babies and mothers to the children's clinic in Neukölln. 1982 (medical dissertation, Free University of Berlin, 1982).
14. ↑ Astrid Kilimann, Birgit Panke-Kochinke, Museum Industriekultur Osnabrück (ed.): The woman as a worker: on the history of women's work in Osnabrück, 1842-1958 . Freiburg im Breisgau 1994, ISBN 3-89085-974-7 , p. 90.
15. ^ Bremen passenger lists, archive identification number: AIII15-16.11.1933_N; Entry online ( memento of April 1, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on May 14, 2019.
16. ↑ Maria von Borries: Your name is alive. On the history of the Jews in the Bersenbrück region . Bramsche 1997. p. 91
17. ↑ Maria von Borries: Your name is alive. On the history of the Jews in the Bersenbrück region . Bramsche 1997, p. 94
18. ^ Ankum Heimatverein: family researchers provided information about the Jewish family in Prague ; accessed on April 1, 2016
19. ↑ Sophie-Prag-Haus inaugurated, accessed on February 25, 2018.
20. ↑ Christoph Hinz: Street is named after the Jewish doctor Sophie Prag. In: Jeversches Wochenblatt of November 3, 2018, p. 3.