Office Rochlitz

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The Rochlitz office was a territorial administrative unit of the Electorate of Saxony in the Leipzig district . Until the end of the Saxon constitution of offices in 1856, it was the spatial reference point for the demand for sovereign taxes and compulsory services , for the police , jurisdiction and army successes . The administrative seat was Rochlitz Castle .

Geographical location

The office was the southernmost office in the Leipzig district . It was north of the city of Chemnitz . The Rochlitz office was traversed by the Zwickauer Mulde in the west and the Zschopau in the east. Several exclaves were in the offices to the south, one exclave was south of Mutzschen .

The former official area is now in the north of the Central Saxony district , only a small part in the west belongs to the Leipzig district .

Adjacent administrative units

The specification of neighboring dominions is done neglecting the exclaves of the offices. In the area of ​​the city of Mittweida , the office bordered several exclaves of the following offices: Office Nossen , District Office Meißen , District Office Freiberg .

Office Colditz Leisnig Office Amt Döbeln (from 1558 to Amt Leisnig )
Office Borna Neighboring communities Office of Nossen
Change castle Reign of Neusorge (from 1610 to the office of Augustusburg ) Office Frankenberg-Sachsenburg

history

Rochlitz Castle, administrative seat of the Rochlitz Office

History of the Rochlitz rule until 1143

In Central and spätslawischer time which formed Burg Rochlitz the center of the Slavic Small gaus Rochlitz. The area on the Zwickauer Mulde probably came under German rule under King Heinrich I. In the second half of the 10th century, the establishment of a Burgward took place , the center of which was Rochlitz Castle. In 995, the Rochlitz area was declared in a certificate from Emperor Otto III. First mentioned in writing when, after the dissolution of the diocese of Merseburg, the Zwickauer Mulde was determined as the border between the dioceses of Naumburg and Meißen . The Rochlitz castle complex - originally certainly an imperial estate  - and the surrounding area came to Margrave Ekkehard von Meißen as allodial possession around 1000 . In 1046 the Ekkehardinian possessions returned to the empire through reversion and were replaced by King Henry III. combined with the rest of the imperial estate on the Mulde, to which, in addition to Rochlitz , the Burgwarde Colditz , Leisnig , Polkenberg and Döben (Grobi) belonged.

The Rochlitz rule from 1143 to 1210

In 1143, Margrave Conrad I of Meißen received the castle and the Rochlitz province ( provincia Rochelez ) as a gift from King Conrad III. to own. The castle and the rule came to the House of Wettin , where it remained until 1918. Under the rule of Dedo V. the Feisten , the country was expanded in the Rochlitz region and shortly after 1160 the Zschillen monastery was founded . Below Rochlitz Castle, Dedo or one of his sons Dietrich and Konrad founded the legal town of Rochlitz with the town church of St. Kunigunde. After the male line of Rochlitz died out, the county fell back to the main Wettin line in 1210 and was reintegrated into the Margraviate of Meißen by Margrave Dietrich von Meißen . Rochlitz remained an important fortified point within the framework of the Wettin rule and the administrative seat of the Rochlitz office , but overall it was likely to have decreased in importance.

The Rochlitz office from 1210 to 1856

After the division of Leipzig in 1485, the Rochlitz office belonged to the Albertine line of the Wettins . In 1537 the Saxon-Albertine Duke Georg the Bearded transferred the office of Rochlitz together with the repurchased Kriebstein lordship to the widow of his older son Johann, who died on January 11, 1537, the Duchess Elisabeth , née Landgravine of Hesse, who usually moved to her widow's residence from then on was referred to as Duchess Elisabeth von Rochlitz . Elisabeth allowed Lutheran teaching in her area since 1537, when her father-in-law still adhered strictly to Catholicism in the rest of the Albertine Duchy of Saxony. In 1543 the Duke commissioned his official Wolf von Schönberg to negotiate with Elisabeth about the early resignation of Kriebstein. The negotiations led to success. In 1588, the Saxon Elector Christian I acquired the Carlowitz possessions of the former Kriebstein lordship and finally integrated them into the Rochlitz office.

The area around the Geringswalde Monastery , which was secularized at the time of the Reformation and which had belonged to the Lords of Schönburg as a direct imperial area since 1182 , was ceded to the Electorate of Saxony in 1590 and integrated into the Rochlitz office.

In 1832, the town of Mittweida and three surrounding towns became part of the Frankenberg-Sachsenburg office. The exclaves of the Rochlitz office came to the offices attached to them during this time. In 1835, the feudal lords of Penig , Rochsburg and Wechselburg, which were acquired by the Schönburgers , were incorporated into the Rochlitz office. The Rochlitz Justice Office existed until 1856. The six court offices Rochlitz , Mittweida, Waldheim , Hartha , Geringswalde and Geithain were successors .

Components of the Rochlitz office

Places of the Rochlitz office

Cities
Villages
Exclaves

Places belonging to the Rochlitz office that belonged to the Schönburg house before 1590 and belonged to the Geringswalde monastery before that

Manors and monasteries
Cities
Villages

Places of rule Kriebstein

Castles
Cities
Villages
Exclaves
  • Moosheim (exclave in the office of Nossen)
  • Pischwitz (exclave in the Leisnig office)

literature

  • Gottfried August Bernhardi: Brief messages from the high and low officials of the Elector. Saxon Office Rochlitz. Müller, Leipzig 1776 ( digitized version )
  • Karlheinz Blaschke , Uwe Ulrich Jäschke : Kursächsischer Ämteratlas 1790 . Gumnior, 2009. ISBN 3937386149
  • Johann Christian Crell : The officials and administrators now living in Chursachsen . Leipzig, 1722.
  • Leo Bönhoff : The oldest offices of the Mark Meissen . In: New Archive for Saxon History . tape 38 , 1917, p. 17–45 ( digitized version ).
  • Office Rochlitz . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 9th volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1822, pp. 221–243.
  • Office Rochlitz . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 18th volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1833, pp. 597-597.
  • André Thieme: Castle, rule and office of Rochlitz in the Middle Ages. Historical development and manorial structures of a late medieval-early modern Wettin secondary residence (widow's seat) , in: Widowhood in the early modern period. Princely and noble widows between foreign and self-determination, ed. by Martina Schattkowsky (Writings on Saxon History and Folklore, Vol. 6), Leipzig 2003, pp. 35–64.
  • Rudolf Schmidt : "The electoral Saxon offices in the area of ​​the lower Mulde valley from the middle of the 16th to the beginning of the 18th century", Meißen 1913, (social structure of the rural population and official constitution)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The Frankenberg office with Sachsenburg in the middle of the 19th century on p. 54f.
  2. ^ The rule of Penig in the archive of the Free State of Saxony
  3. ^ The rule of Rochsburg in the archive of the Free State of Saxony
  4. ^ The rule of Wechselburg in the archive of the Free State of Saxony