Prestewitz

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Excerpt from the inheritance register of the Prestewitz feudal and knightly estate, which was started in 1600, certified with a notarial instrument

Prestewitz is a district of the city of Uebigau-Wahrenbrück in the Brandenburg district of Elbe-Elster and is located about 4 km north of Bad Liebenwerda on the right-hand side of the Kleine Elster in the Niederlausitzer Heidelandschaft nature park . 372 residents currently live here. The total area of ​​the place amounts to 6.08 km².

history

Development and interpretation of the place name

1323 Wristewitz , 1378 Porestewicz , 1457 Brestewitz , 1491 Preswitz , 1504/05 Brestewitz ...

Since Wr- does not initially appear in Sorbian , Czech or Polish , the writer can be assumed to be of Low German or Central German origin . In Old Sorbian, Brestovica means something like Ulmenort , which, in addition to the round hamlet shape of the old town center and the field names of Prestewitz, suggests an Old Sorbian name.

First written mention of the place and formation of an old border

Prestewitz was first mentioned on June 30, 1323 in a deed of donation from Bodo von Ileburg to the Dobrilugk monastery as Wristewitz, who in this and in another deed of July 4, 1323 transferred the former Margrave heath to the monastery . The border determinations made in the process also created a medieval border, which has remained up to the present day and forms the boundary between Prestewitz and Schönborn . The continuous ditch-hill system in Prestewitz, which marked the border, was probably created from the margravial side, as the border ditch runs exclusively on its side, and can still be seen to this day. Some border heaps that were originally surrounded by the border ditch are still marked with stone today. However, the time when this border system was created cannot be reliably assigned.

Hanssenn Holleufer was awarded in a feudal letter dated July 8, 1548 by Duke Moritz Prestewitz, and in 1555 the place had 14 farmers and 3 gardeners . In 1558 Friedrich von Holda sold the so-called third half - villages Beutersitz , Theisa and Prestewitz to Siegmund von Brandenstein, who was from Neudeck. The von Brandenstein family sat in many places in Thuringia in the Middle Ages and so they became one of the wealthiest families in the area, as their tax registers documented. After his death in 1579, his sons inherited the property and in 1580 had come to an agreement so that Siegmund received the southern goods. Heinrich von Brandenstein sat on Neudeck and Hans got Wiederau . In 1560, in the Humelius Riss, the oldest topographical mention of the place, Brandenstein's Zügelhüt was named, whose property is one of the oldest in Prestewitz. The von Brandenstein family ran a brick factory there and were the owners of the village at that time. The origin of the manor in Prestewitz under the von Brandenstein family can be proven in the year 1600. Three of the originally fourteen Hufner estates were merged into one manor, and so in 1618 the church visits 11 Hufner, 3 gardeners and Brandenstein's estates were named. On March 1, 1630 Siegmund von Brandenstein died without a heir and his property in Prestewitz and Theisa fell to Georg Friedrich von Brandenstein .

During the Thirty Years' War the place was almost completely destroyed, and many years later only three of the previous eight gardening positions were still inhabited. The long-established Hufner families died out. During this time, a Peter Bramberg was also named as a brickworker, who in 1652 was reported as "dead" with his wife and child. Since the villagers could not raise their taxes due to the aftermath of the war, in 1655 the Prestewitzers Christoph Grune , Andreas Pommer and Martin Räus asked the Elector to lift the taxes imposed on them, as it is impossible for them to pay them .

The resettlement after the Thirty Years War

In 1669, the Prestewitz local owner Karl Rudolf von Dehnen-Rothfelsen went to court to regain the hunting privileges practiced before the Thirty Years' War in the Holy Grove and other Prestewitz and Theisa forests. Four witnesses were also heard about this dispute, who testified that in their childhood and youth they had to help the von Brandensteins, who lived at the time, with the hunt, and so he regained his hunting rights.

In June 1672 the Prestewitz register of inheritance was set up again, which is still the most extensive record of the living conditions of the Hüffner, gardener and housekeeper of the place, as well as part of Theisa. All the important details of village life were regulated here. Of the eight gardeners' estates, three were still inhabited at this time and the Hufner's estates are still uninhabited. The devastation of the Thirty Years' War could be felt well into the beginning of the 18th century and so on April 8, 1720 four people who had been expelled from the town testified to the district tax collector that they wanted to resume their inheritance in Prestewitz on condition that they a low purchase price of the desert goods and two free years are granted. The hereditary lord of Borau then agreed in his answer of April 11, 1720.

19th century

Only when the area became Prussian after the division of Saxony , according to the regulations of the Congress of Vienna in 1815, did the place recover and the population increased. In 1835 Prestewitz and Anstraß had 57 houses with 301 residents, 31 horses, 238 head of cattle, 8 goats and 65 pigs.

On March 13, 1809, the school teacher Johann Gottfried Schubert listed 20 school-age children for Prestewitz and 29 in Annenstrasse, who initially had to attend school in neighboring Rothstein. However, the population growth made it necessary to found a school of their own and the manor owner Schumann quickly appointed his administrator Schulze as the first teacher. For the time being, school operations took place in furnished school rooms and in 1888 the first schoolhouse in the town was built. In 1904 a new school building was built. In the same year, a new “Jauck's Ventil” brand fire engine, which was state-of-the-art at the time, was procured , which has been preserved to the present day.

The manor converted into a hunting lodge on a postcard from around 1903
Former manor

Conversion of the manor into a hunting lodge

Around 1903 the manor was converted into a hunting lodge by the owner Baumeister von Zimmermann from Leipzig . The area was given a roundabout, which no longer exists today, as a forecourt. Elaborate horticultural facilities flanked the main building on the left and right. In addition, the so-called Holy Grove was redesigned into a park.

As reported by two stone slabs at the entrance to the mortuary hall in the Prestewitz cemetery, the place had 24 villagers killed in the First World War .

On 22 April 1945 advancing troops met the the Red Army belonging to the 1st Ukrainian Front on Prestewitz. In the course of the land reform taking place in the same year, the last owner of the then 111 hectare manor was expropriated.

When the school year ended in 1979, the Prestewitz school combine was dissolved, to which Rothstein and Maasdorf also belonged. The students then had to take the school bus from their hometowns to either Thalberg , Theisa or Bad Liebenwerda to school.

The village was incorporated into the city of Uebigau-Wahrenbrück on December 31, 2001 together with Bahnsdorf and Drasdo.

Since May 2007 the lower reaches of the Kleine Elster have been renatured, which in Prestewitz mainly affects the area around the Holy Grove . In the course of this project, old, natural river arms will be reactivated. In addition to the landscaping, the main aim is to reduce the flow speed of the river in order to keep the water in the region longer. But also fish species originally found in the river, which was once rich in fish, such as barbel and river lamprey or possibly even salmon should be able to find a habitat here again.

More historical data

  • 1449 In earlier times, a human life was not worth much. Hans Belagk's son from Prestewitz had to pay a fine for murdering someone in Wahrenbrück .
  • 1594 mention of a quarry
  • In 1697 Julius Caesar Pflug bought the manor for 9,600 guilders and leased it for three years for 1,350 guilders. Then it changed hands again in 1700 for 11,200 guilders.
  • 1709 Christoph Damm von Milkau is the owner of the manor in Prestewitz
  • 1753 mention of viticulture in the place
  • On July 22, 1806, Christian August Schulze sold the manor for 46,000 Reichstaler with the issuance of a feudal letter to Johann Adam Schumann.
  • On July 12, 1853, a fire brigade and a fire engine for Prestewitz and Anstraß were mentioned for the first time after a fire in Maasdorf in an official announcement by the royal district administrator von Schaper and the district fire society director Oske .
  • On July 10, 1858, the gardener Gottfried Scheuche was appointed local judge for Prestewitz and Anstraß.
  • On May 24, 1979, the local LPG was devastated by a devastating F4 tornado.
  • On September 27, 1998 the place was incorporated into Wahrenbrück .

Offense

Offense
Prestewitz 1847

At the beginning of the 19th century, the Prestewitz district of Anstraß was built on the road to Liebenwerda, which was built in the form of a classic street village and was already larger with 33 houses in 1821 than the mother community with 26 houses. Anstraß was a relatively independent place or district for almost a century. Nevertheless, the joint administration, as well as the same working and living conditions, prevented a permanent separation from Prestewitz. As early as 1910, the two districts were again listed as one municipality in a census, which resulted in 574 inhabitants. The district probably got its name from the Prestewitz manor owner Johann Adam Schumann, who probably named it after his wife Anna and was also called Annenstraße for a while. But a second interpretation as “settlement on the road to Liebenwerda” cannot be ruled out from the origin of the place name.

Prestewitz stone

Little is known that in addition to the well-known Rothsteiner Felsen in the area there was also a rock northwest of Prestewitz, which served as a quarry for centuries and can be traced back to numerous historical buildings in the region. It is said to have had roughly the same dimensions as the elevation near Rothstein and belong to the same underground mountain range. A quarry was mentioned here as early as 1594. After the Second World War, the former quarry was filled with groundwater, but later silted up. In the Waldflur Ahricht , with a barely visible elevation, there is little reminiscent of the rock.

Population development

Population development of Prestewitz including its current districts from 1875
year Residents year Residents year Residents year Residents
1875 500 1946 735 1989 428 1995 401
1890 500 1950 682 1990 425 1996 402
1910 550 1964 547 1991 427 1997 420
1925 577 1971 542 1992 420 2016 376
1933 563 1981 490 1993 402 2019 372
1939 601 1985 452 1994 393

Culture and sights

Mockery column

On the corridor border between Prestewitz and Schadewitz there is an almost original copy of the Prestewitz mocking column made by the Uebigau stonemasonry Seeliger , which was ceremoniously erected on November 8, 1995. The original was the historic way connection Doberlug on Prestewitzer hallway of the Maas villages in the period from 1900 to 1905 as part of the road expansion District foregoing Adolph Lehmann up from Theisa.

Since the then Luckau District Administrator von Manteufel refused to continue the road expansion with the narrow-minded justification “so that the money stays in the country” , Lehmann left the words on this signpost:

Wanderer, are you from the
Liebenwerda district
and want to go to the Luckau district,
rest here again,
so that you can pass the paths there
.

apply, which quickly brought him the name of the mockery column in the vernacular . Manteufel's attitude had far-reaching consequences for the centuries-old important road connection, because it lost more and more importance, so that the area around Doberlug-Kirchhain and Schönborn can only be reached from Prestewitz via the Rothstein - Tröbitz route on paved roads up to the present day.

Holy grove

The forest area is located south of the old district of Anstraß. It extends between the Saarweg on one side and the Kleiner Elster on the other. It owes its name to an old tradition, which can be found in the old school chronicle from 1924.

“ According to the story of the residents, sacrifices to the gods were said to have taken place at the top in a long time, here people want to have listened to the murmuring of the gods, here the ancients are said to have held their popular meetings. "

After the site was previously mainly used for forestry by its owners and largely cleared, it came to the Leipzig architect Zimmermann at the turn of the century, who had it redesigned into a park in November 1903. Wide, winding park paths were laid out and areas that had previously been cleared were replanted. The so-called swamp was the showpiece of the property, which was preserved until the end of the First World War. However, due to felling work in the winter of 1923, it apparently lost a lot of its beauty. Because the Prestewitz school chronicle tells:

“ The so beautifully adorned friend of the gods had to put up with the fact that the most beautiful pieces of jewelry were taken from him and he now has an almost ordinary appearance. "

Annual festivals and events

The nationally known "Prestewitz Farmers Market" takes place around 10 times a year. More than 30 direct marketers from the region offer their fresh products here. There are also changing exhibitions of agricultural technology, live animals, harvest crowns, floristry, performances by dance groups, as well as handicraft and play areas for children.

Personalities

  • Monika Cassens (born Monika Thiere on February 28, 1953 in Prestewitz), badminton player
  • Nora Günther (* 1967 in Hoyerswerda ), writer. In 2007 she made regional headlines when she published her historical novel “Sturm der Verdammnis”, the plot of which is set in Mühlberg in the Elbe-Elster region and is partly based on historical facts from the Thirty Years War.
  • Klaus Lehmann (born December 30, 1939 in Prestewitz), football player

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The place names of the Bad Liebenwerda district Emilia Crome, Akademie-Verlag Berlin, 1968
  2. ↑ Home calendar for the Bad Liebenwerda district, 1959, p. 73
  3. ↑ Overview of the population and the number of livestock in 1835 . In: Die Schwarze Elster-Our home in words and pictures . No. 596 . Bad Liebenwerda 1985, p. 8-10 .
  4. ↑ Home calendar - For the country between the Elbe and Elster. No 53 , Ed .: Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Heimatkunde e. V. Bad Liebenwerda, Gräser Verlag Großenhain OHG, 2000, article by Gerd Günther: Das Rittergut Prestewitz , pages 56–63, ISBN 3-932913-16-7
  5. ↑ Prestewitz, Elbe-Elster district, Brandenburg , online project fallen memorials
  6. ^ Curriculum vitae of Grete Schindler ( Memento from October 8, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  7. ↑ On the older history of the city of Liebenwerda and its district area - booklet 2, M. Karl Fitzkow , series of publications of the district museum Bad Liebenwerda, 1961, p. 26
  8. ↑ Most severe tornado discovered in recent years. Severe weather center from Meteomedia, March 9, 2010, accessed on February 19, 2015 (“On May 24, 1979, a tornado on a line from Bad Liebenwerda in Brandenburg to near Lübben left an aisle around 56 kilometers long and devastated the Agricultural production cooperative Prestewitz. [...] Combine harvesters weighing 10.5 tons were whirled hundreds of meters through the air according to eyewitness reports. ").
  9. ^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 1998
  10. ↑ Home calendar - For the country between the Elbe and Elster. No.54 , Ed .: Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Heimatkunde e. V. Bad Liebenwerda, Gräser Verlag Großenhain OHG, 2001, article by Gerd Günther: Anstraß bei Prestewitz , pages 83-88, ISBN 3-932913-22-1
  11. ↑ Local calendar for the Bad Liebenwerda district, No. 46 , Ed .: Editor of the local calendar for the Bad Liebenwerda district museum, 1993, contribution by Jürgen Bartholomäus: Der Rothsteiner Felsen , pages 120–123
  12. ^ Historical municipality directory 2005 for Brandenburg Online as a PDF file
  13. ^ "Information brochure for residents and guests", published by the Uebigau-Wahrenbrück office .
  14. ^ "Information brochure for residents and guests", published by the Uebigau-Wahrenbrück office .
  15. ↑ Home calendar - For the country between the Elbe and Elster. No.56 , Ed .: Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Heimatkunde e. V. Bad Liebenwerda, Gräser Verlag Grossenhain OHG, 2004, contribution by Gerd Günther: History of the border to Markgrafenheide , pages 235–237, ISBN 3-932913-47-7
  16. ↑ Heimatjahrbuch 1969/70 - Kreis Bad Liebenwerda , publisher: Museum des Kreis Bad Liebenwerda in connection with the German Cultural Association, Working Group for Heimatliteratur, 1969, page 88
  17. ↑ Home calendar - For the country between the Elbe and Elster. No 55 , Ed .: Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Heimatkunde e. V. Bad Liebenwerda, Gräser Verlag Grossenhain OHG, 2003, article by Gerd Günther: Der Prestewitzer Heilige Hain , pages 130-133, ISBN 3-932913-44-2
  18. ↑ Prestewitz farmers' market. In: Elbe-Elster-Land.de. Retrieved February 19, 2015 .
  19. ↑ Homepage of Nora Günther  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / nora-g.de  
  20. ^ Nora Günther: Sturm der Verdammnis , Ed .: Verlag BücherKammer, 2007, ISBN 978-3-940635-00-6

Web links

Commons : Prestewitz  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 51 ° 33 '  N , 13 ° 25'  E