Schönborn (Lower Lusatia)
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Coordinates: 51 ° 36 ' N , 13 ° 30' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Brandenburg | |
| County : | Elbe Elster | |
| Office : | Elsterland | |
| Height : | 91 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 38.83 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 1514 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 39 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 03253 | |
| Area code : | 035326 | |
| License plate : | EE, FI, LIB | |
| Community key : | 12 0 62 453 | |
| Community structure: | 4 districts | |
| Address of the municipal administration: |
Kindergartenstrasse 2a 03253 Schönborn |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Daniel Mende | |
| Location of the community of Schönborn in the Elbe-Elster district | ||
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Schönborn is a municipality in the Elbe-Elster district in Brandenburg . It is the administrative seat of the Elsterland Office and is located in the Niederlausitzer Heidelandschaft nature park .
Community structure
The municipality, located southwest of the city of Doberlug-Kirchhain, has the following districts:
- Gruhno (127 inhabitants, 5.2 km² area)
- Lindena (350 inhabitants, 7.0 km² area)
- Schadewitz (118 inhabitants, 13.8 km² area)
- Schönborn (1021 inhabitants, 12.5 km² area)
Population and area data: as of 2011
In addition, there are the Bad Erna, Eichwald and Hammermühle residential areas .
history
The place was first mentioned in a document in 1234.
As Margrave of Lusatia, Dietrich von Landsberg had donated the Cistercian monastery Dobrilugk in 1165 , with the intention of promoting the development of the local region. The 15 monks approaching in Dobrilugk came from the mother monastery of Volkenroda in Thuringia.
Since the Wettin sovereigns gave the monastery plenty of land, the monks were unable to develop it economically on their own. That is why they called German farmers into their monastery area and founded the villages of Kyrkhagen (Kirchhain), Witheroldeshagen (Werenzhain) , Heinrikesdorp (Hennersdorf) , Luge (Lugau) , Vishwazer (Fischwasser) , Lindenowe (Lindena) and Schonenburn (Schönborn) with the colonists .
The phonetic shape of some place names indicates the origin of the colonists, the Low German area, the Lower Rhine region . But settlers also came to this region from Central German, especially Upper Franconian . The place names such as Frankena and Frankenhain speak for this .
With the planned settlement of its core area, the Dobrilugk monastery became a focal point for the further development of the Kirchhainer – Finsterwaldaer basin. Like the Cistercian monks, in a later expansion phase, small nobles once again called German settlers to the western tip of Niederlausitz and also founded new settlements, which were laid out in a wreath around the monastery area. They were acquired by the Dobrilugk Monastery in the 18th century through purchase, exchange or donation.
Monastery village of Schönborn
Although the monastery village of Schönborn was first mentioned in a document in 1234, it was probably built around 1200 by Low German colonists (probably by Flemings ) at a vital water point, a stream, which later became the Mühlgraben. The historic center is located in the Unterdorf.
The settlement , which emerged from “wild roots”, was planned as a large form, as a two-row village of roads , under the direction of the Cistercians or a locator commissioned by them . In its OSO – WNW extension, the growing settlement was based on the already mentioned brook as a natural guideline.
The lower village also has characteristics of an anger village . The "Schonenburn" (since 1935 waterworks ), which gushes on the village meadow , gave the place its name (1234 Schonenburn, 1275 Schonenburne, 1373 Schonenborne, 1515 Schonborne).
Already at the beginning of the modern age (before 1544) Schönborn presented itself as a large village, which with 29 hoppers and 20 gardeners (smaller farmers) already extended into the upper village. The existence of three water mills (around 1600) also speaks for the size of the place .
In the course of the Reformation from 1541 with the secularization of the Dobrilugk monastery, the Schönborn monastery subjects came into the hands of secular landlords , they belonged to the Dobrilugk pledge , then to the Dobrilugk rule and the Dobrilugk office of Saxony and from 1818 to 1874 to the Prussian Dobrilugk Rent Office .
Development into an industrial village
Like many villages in Lower Lusatia , Schönborn remained an exclusively agrarian place until the second half of the 19th century , the majority of which lived a miserable existence.
Schönborn only experienced an economic boom at the end of the 19th century with the expansion of lignite mining on the Buchbornberg. About 100 meters above the Schönborn forest stage, about 160 years ago, an outflow from the second Lusatian lignite seam came to light, which could be mined inexpensively with simple means.
The treasure from Buchbornberg had a decisive influence on the history and development of Schönborn. The community began to mine the raw lignite coveted by cloth manufacturers, brickworks , breweries and schnapps distilleries with Steiger Merkel in the summer of 1847. In October 1847 a mining company secured the mining rights on the Buchbornberg with a contract.
The mine near Schönborn is considered the oldest lignite mine in the region (the old districts of Luckau and Liebenwerda ), not Lower Lusatia. The small business with three to five employees mined the coal in a shallow hollow in the open pit with a pick , shovel and wooden cart . (Made possible by the low thickness of the overburden of about two meters).
In 1851, the Finsterwalder cloth manufacturer Moritz Seydel, who was the last spokesman for the mining company, bought the mine from the latter.
The mining authority shut down the mine in 1852 as a result of a legal dispute and a non-existent operating license. It was not until 1857 that a new mining company (Factor Knauer from Gröbers and Comrades) resumed mining operations under the company name of Grube Pauline near Schönborn, which continued until 1908.
The small business initially mined coal with ten employees in both opencast and underground mining (from 1859 in broken piers).
The thickness of the overburden determined the type of mining. (From the mid-1880s only in civil engineering). The enormous demand for coal in households and industry caused the mining operations to expand at the end of the 1880s, so that the "Pauline" developed into an efficient mining facility in the 1890s, in particular through the commissioning:
- a briquette factory (April 1882), the first in the region
- the 41.1 m drive and production shaft "Margarethe", the deepest shaft in the region (1889)
- a dynamo machine for generating electricity (1889)
- the surface double-track chain railway (1889)
- the underground double-track chain railway (1892)
- the second drive and conveyor shaft "Glückauf" (1901–1905)
- a high cable car (1901–1905)
- of a conveyor shaft near the briquette factory (1905)
The number of employees rose from around 30 (1883) to 126 (1889), finally to 140. In the briquette factory, 52 worked in multiple shifts, eight of them women. In 1908 the "Pauline" mine went bankrupt because its mining field was charred. With the Eichwald mining field, the “Pauline” mine with around 80 employees revived as “Rückersdorfer Kohlenwerke GmbH” based in Dresden .
The favorable location of the “Pauline” mine prompted the entrepreneur Ernst Jähde to set up his “Johannahütte” glass factory with 100 employees in the vicinity of the mine in 1899 . With hand-blown glasses for kerosene , gas and carbide lamps , the Schönborn glass factory soon achieved international recognition, so that on the eve of the First World War the workforce had grown to almost 200 employees.
The constant influx of workers and their families as well as a high birth rate caused a real population explosion in Schönborn around 1900, so that the Niederlausitzer Anzeiger on June 17, 1904 characterized Schönborn as "... an important industrial site in the Luckau district". Today there are only a few traces of the former Schönborn mining.
In the glass factory , which delivered top quality lead crystal products to many countries around the world during the GDR era , today the company Sovitec Glasperlen GmbH produces high-quality glass beads with a diameter of 0.5-2.5 mm, which are primarily used for road marking, with 17 workers .
The retroreflection of these glass beads enables good visibility of the markings even at night. Mixing the pearls with glass granulate not only improves the grip, but also increases the service life of the applications on the road.
Just as the Johannahütte glass factory once sent its products all over the world, the Sovitec factory supplies glass beads to Spain , Belgium , France , Denmark and the USA.
Administrative history
The current districts of the community belonged to the district of Luckau since 1816 and from 1952 to the district of Finsterwalde in the GDR district of Cottbus . Since 1993 they have been in the Elbe-Elster district of Brandenburg. On September 27, 1998, the previously independent municipalities Gruhno, Lindena, Schadewitz and Schönborn merged to form the municipality of Schönborn.
Population development
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Territory of the respective year, number of inhabitants: as of December 31 (from 1991), from 2011 based on the 2011 census
politics
Community representation
The community council consists of 12 community representatives and the honorary mayor.
| Party / group of voters | Seats |
|---|---|
| Independent voter community Schönborn with the districts Gruhno, Lindena, Schadewitz, Schönborn | 10 |
| Together for Lindena | 1 |
| CDU | 1 |
(As of: local election on May 26, 2019)
mayor
- 1998–2003: Heinz-Jürgen Zahn
- 2003–2008: Dieter Richter
- since 2008: Daniel Mende (Independent Community of Voters Schönborn)
In the mayoral election on May 26, 2019, Mende was elected unopposed with 95.3% of the valid votes for a further term of five years.
coat of arms
The coat of arms was approved on June 1, 1994.
Blazon : "In blue a bricked silver fountain with a fountain, above which a golden sun breaks out from the upper edge of the shield."
Attractions
In the list of architectural monuments in Schönborn (Niederlausitz) and in the list of ground monuments in Schönborn (Niederlausitz) are the monuments entered in the list of monuments of the state of Brandenburg.
Schönborn village church
The art historians appreciate the Schönborn Church as a remarkable late Romanesque / early Gothic brick building , which they date to the 2nd quarter of the 13th century . Some similarities with the monastery church of Doberlug (building material, time of construction, artistic details) indicate that the Dobrilugk monks had a significant influence on the architectural design of our village church. Its jewels that are well worth seeing include a dugout chest made of oak (dated 1196 ± 10), a late Gothic winged altar (1513), a late Gothic wooden sacrament house , a baroque sandstone pulpit (1655) and a baroque wooden figure of a floating baptismal angel (18th century).
Church in Schönborn
Baptism angel
Dunning and remembrance
A memorial plaque at the Schönborn church honors a Schönborn resident who fell during the Unification Wars in 1866.
A memorial to the fallen is right next to the church in the form of a stele on a four-tiered base. The following inscription is placed on the memorial above the names of the 44 Schönborn residents who fell in World War I : "Our fallen heroes 1914-18"
traffic
The state road 60 leads through Schönborn from Falkenberg / Elster to Finsterwalde . The districts of Gruhno and Schadewitz are on the L 653 between Bad Liebenwerda and Rückersdorf .
The breakpoint Schönborn (b Doberlug) at the Halle-Cottbus railway is of the Regional line RB 43 Falkenberg (Elster) - Cottbus operated.
Personalities
- Ernst Jähde (1860–1923), founder of the “Johannahütte” glass factory , entrepreneur and inventor
- Rudolf Lencer (1901–1945), National Socialist functionary, born in Schönborn
- Kraft Bumbel (1926–1997), ambassador of the GDR in Sri Lanka and Afghanistan , born in Schönborn
- Hans Bräuer (1940–1993), badminton player , born in Schönborn
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population in the State of Brandenburg according to municipalities, offices and municipalities not subject to official registration on December 31, 2019 (XLSX file; 223 KB) (updated official population figures) ( help on this ).
- ^ Service portal of the state administration Brandenburg. Community of Schönborn
- ↑ Districts of Schönborn on www.elsterland.de
- ↑ Chronicle of the community of Schönborn, Horst Firme, local chronicle of Schönborn (the publication took place with the consent of the author)
- ↑ Historical municipality register of the state of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005. Elbe-Elster district . P. 36
- ↑ Historical municipality register of the state of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005. Elbe-Elster district . Pp. 26-30
- ↑ Population in the state of Brandenburg from 1991 to 2015 according to independent cities, districts and municipalities , Table 7
- ^ Office for Statistics Berlin-Brandenburg (Ed.): Statistical report AI 7, A II 3, A III 3. Population development and population status in the state of Brandenburg (respective editions of the month of December)
- ^ Result of the local election on May 26, 2019
- ↑ Results of the municipal elections in 1998 (mayoral elections) for the Elbe-Elster district ( Memento of the original from April 21, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Local elections October 26, 2003. Mayoral elections , p. 24
- ↑ Local elections in the state of Brandenburg on September 28, 2008. Mayoral elections , p. 9
- ↑ Section 73 of the Brandenburg Local Election Act
- ^ Result of the mayoral election on May 26, 2019
- ↑ Coat of arms information on the service portal of the state administration of Brandenburg
Web links
- Office Elsterland
- Link catalog on Schönborn at curlie.org (formerly DMOZ )
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