Volkenroda
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Volkenroda
Körner municipality
Coordinates: 51 ° 15 ′ 2 ″ N , 10 ° 34 ′ 4 ″ E
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| Height : | 287 m |
| Residents : | 180 |
| Postal code : | 99998 |
| Area code : | 036025 |
 Gut Volkenroda in the center of the village
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Volkenroda is a place in Thuringia ( Unstrut-Hainich district , municipality of Körner ), which is mainly characterized by the Volkenroda monastery and the Jesus brotherhood located there . In the area of Volkenroda there was already an important high medieval imperial castle around 1000; the complex was handed over to the Cistercian order in 1131 to build a monastery. Volkenroda is also known for the royal oak , the tree veteran can be found on the northern outskirts. The population is around 180 people.
location
The place Volkenroda is about eight kilometers (as the crow flies) northeast of the district town of Mühlhausen / Thuringia . Volkenroda is embedded in a centuries-old cultural landscape . The southern edge of the village leads into the wide arable fields on the fertile loess soils of the Thuringian Keuperbeckens . In the north, above the limestone of the shell limestone, is the Volkenroder forest and the also wooded zoo. On the western edge of the zoo, several fish ponds created by the Cistercian monks have been preserved to this day. The largest is the calf pond. In the west, an open grassland grazed with sheep joins an army training area. In the north-east of the Schaftal valley, thousands of spring cups bloom .
Neighboring places |
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history
Castle complexes
An important old road, oriented to the northwest from the central Thuringian Basin, was already used in prehistoric times and monitored by an approximately eight hectare hill fort near Volkenroda and the neighboring Schlotheim hill fort. The considerable size suggests that an important military center of the fortifications built by King Henry I to defend against the Hungarians may have been located here. In the 11th century, around 20 large castles and fortified royal courts were built in northern Thuringia and on the edge of the Harz Mountains by the royal central authority, with older facilities also being rebuilt. The Reichsburg Volkenroda had an area of two hectares, had an area of 320 × 280 m and was built in the area of the older Wallburg. The uprising against King Heinrich IV, led by Saxon and Thuringian nobles, became known as the Saxon War. In 1073 the castle "Volkenroth" was besieged by insurgents, the abandonment and destruction of the complex took place in 1075. After the end of the uprising, the later Landgrave Ludwig I received bailiwick rights over the castle district. The military value of the castle had been replaced by the further development of the castle of the Lords of Schlotheim, located in the neighboring Schlotheim. The trenches and earth walls that were still preserved served subsequent settlers as protection for their village of Volkenroda, which continued to exist as a rural clearing site on the edge of the forest and belonged to the rule of the Schlotheimers who served as ministerials and court officials of the Thuringian landgraves. In 1130 a Helinburg from the Beichlingen family of counts acquired the place and founded the first Cistercian monastery in Thuringia.
Cistercian monastery
The Cistercian monastery Volkenroda was founded in 1131 as a subsidiary of the Kamp monastery on the northern site of the former Volkenroda Castle . When it was founded, the monastery was given the locations of Pöthen, Tehnten in Merxleben and parish rights in Thamsbrück and Bleicherode. Other free float such as a mill near Görmar and a mill in Graba were owned by King Lothar III. given. The forest to the west of the monastery passed from the property of Duke Heinrich to the monastery in 1139. Within a radius of 20 kilometers, monastery estates emerged as grangien (agricultural operations), at the same time existing places were depopulated through resettlement. Through numerous other donations and rights as well as through acquisitions, Volkenroda soon became one of the richest and most respected monasteries in Northern Thuringia. It received special support from the popes, so Pope Honorius III allowed. the monastery the free election of abbots and freed the monastery from secular jurisdiction. Several German kings and emperors gave Volkenroda market rights, and the Thuringian landgraves, as patrons of protection, had to ensure its continued existence. In the 13th century, the monastery represented a bridge for the Counts of Tonna and Gleichen to their possessions in Eichsfeld . Influence in the region increased in the 14th century through the acquisition of Körner Castle and a property in the city of Mühlhausen. Daughter monasteries were occupied by monks by Volkenroda: they were established in Waldsassen in 1133, Reifenstein in 1162, Loccum in 1163 and in Dobrilugk in 1165. The monastery fell into disrepair in the 14th century as a result of participating in feuds and battles with neighboring rulers. There was a feud with the neighboring imperial city of Mühlhausen for over 60 years, a notorious robber Iser Heinrich (the Iron Heinrich) was hired by the monks as a mercenary in 1376 to damage the neighbors. Christian von Hellingen was also in a feud with the monks and attacked a monastery courtyard in 1415 to take away the 12 horses and other hostages.
With the division of the Duchy of Saxony in 1485, it became the Albertine part of the area. During the Peasants' War , the Mühlhausen preacher and peasant war leader Heinrich Pfeiffer appeared in 1525 with the peasants of the monastery to advertise the uprising. Many of the peasants fanatical about Pfeiffer and Thomas Müntzer's sermons even set fire to their own farms in order to break with the past as monastery serfs. According to a description of their office, the towns of Menteroda, Kleinkeule, Volkenroda and Bertaroda had been left by their residents to join the peasant army. The almost unprotected Volkenroda monastery buildings were captured and looted by the rebel farmers on April 29, 1525, four of the leading monks were brought to a court martial of the farmers and hanged. Most of the documents and buildings were destroyed or damaged by arson when they left. The Saxon Duke Georg, a Wettin who remained loyal to the Catholic faith, ordered the immediate rebuilding of the monastery as sovereign. In the further course of events, his successors followed the example of other Protestant rulers and in 1540 ordered the final abolition of the Volkenroda monastery. One of the last abbots, Nicolaus Sever , renounced the order and embezzled the former monastery estate Bollstedt and other income of the monks after three years as secular monastery bailiff . The last abbot of the monastery, Ludolf by name, handed over the property to Duke Moritz von Sachsen in 1543. In 1544 the monastery fell to the Saxon Elector August . From 1645, Volkenroda belonged to the Duchy of Saxony-Gotha as the capital of the exclave of the Volkenroda office . In 1830 the general administrative and official business of the Volkenroda office was handed over to Tonna , only the judicial office remained in town. Administrative tasks were taken over by the Gotha District Office in 1869 and jurisdiction was relocated to Tonna.
The former ring-shaped monastery wall made of rubble stones and a stone gate as well as remains of the church consecrated in 1150 (cruciform Romanesque basilica) have been preserved to this day.
Office and estate Volkenroda
By order of the Saxon Elector August, the Saxon office of Volkenroda was formed around 1545 from the secularized monastery property and the adjacent lands, it consisted of the places Hohenbergen , Kleinkeula , Körner , Menteroda , Obermehler , Österkörner and Pöthen and existed until 1869 when it was the office Tonna was assigned. The seat of the Magistrate von Volkenroda was on the monastery grounds, Georg von Hering is known as the first administrative officer . The monastery property was continued as a ducal chamber property.
As a result of the establishment of the Free State of Thuringia, an administrative reform was carried out in 1921. In 1922, Volkenroda became part of the municipality of Körner, part of the newly founded district of Sondershausen , which existed until 1952. The 2nd party conference of the SED (July 9-12, 1952) triggered a restructuring of the territorial and administrative structure, the states were abolished and replaced by districts, the boundaries of the districts were redefined. The district of Mühlhausen was restructured according to the ordinance of the district and district boundaries of July 25, 1952, the place Körner and other neighboring towns became part of the district of Mühlhausen with immediate effect.
Until recently, Volkenroda was a very small place with few buildings. The former monastery church was the village's Protestant church until 1968, before it was closed due to dilapidation. The village has already been earmarked for "evacuation", and no more investments have been approved or made by the state.
Restoration of the monastery after the fall of the Wall
Shortly after the reunification of Germany, two West German brotherhoods ( Jesus Brotherhood Gnadenthal and Christ Brotherhood Selbitz ) moved to Volkenroda. The restoration of the monastery complex began. In 1994 the Jesus Brotherhood acquired the monastery and made a significant contribution to the reconstruction of the facility. Since then she has been organizing a communal life there again in the monastic sense and receiving guests for conferences or for a break. In 2005 the Monastery Volkenroda Foundation took over the property. The purpose of the foundation is to promote the Christian faith and an intellectual, social, economic, cultural and social life in the Volkenroda monastery.
Jesus brotherhood
The Jesus Brotherhood is an evangelical but ecumenical community . The cohabitation consists of celibate brothers and sisters and families. The members come from different churches and denominations to which they belong permanently. Its center has been Gnadenthal Monastery (Hesse) since 1969 . Since 1994 the Volkenroda Monastery has been an outstation of the community.
Mining in the Volkenroda area
The beginnings of mining in the Volkenroda area go back to the 17th century. On August 2, 1650, a miner working on behalf of the Saxe-Gotha Duke Ernst the Pious searched the area around the village with a divining rod . A report from the year 1651 shows that the construction of a shaft was started in the Schaftal valley to extract salt. The attempt initially failed when it was not possible to divert the water from the pit, which was encountered while sinking the shaft, because the necessary lifting technology was lacking. The on-site miner Jacob Börner ordered the immediate end of all work.
The second mining attempt was made in 1740: a cooperative founded in Treffurt had come up with the plan to found a coal mine on the Kübelberg near Körner . The suggestion for this mining came from the Volkenrodaer Amtsphysikus Pelargus , who was also interested in mineralogy and was able to show samples collected on site. The Volkenroda coal was found and mined close to the surface, but was only available in flots of the smallest form, so there was no economic success. In March 1758, the Friedrichrodaer Bergmeister Baum was sent to Volkenroda to make inquiries, he met an already closed company.
On April 2nd, 1854, 27 members founded the "Volkenrodaer Bergbauverein". It was an emergency community, as the majority of the club's members were impoverished farmers and day laborers and put their last savings on mining. After studying the old files, one was hopeful that the shaft that had been started at the shaft valley would be set in motion with modern pump technology. The concession had been vaguely applied for the mining of peat, brown coal, hard coal, gypsum and rock salt, as no one had any knowledge of the geological structure of the region. At the same time, around 1850 geological exploratory drilling in the Staßfurt area initially identified sediments known as "hard salts", which later became the basis of the fertilizer industry and potash chemistry through technical processes developed later . However, the concession approved by the ducal mining authority only allowed coal to be extracted; salt mining was initially refused to protect the ducal-owned Bufleben saltworks from economic competition .
The actual potash mining in the exclave of Volkenroda of the Duchy of Saxony-Coburg and Gotha began around 1900. On August 16, 1905, the Ohrdruf Mining Authority approved the exploratory drilling of the Volkenroda union, which was being established. The company planned as a stock corporation should only be formed with successful prospecting. Gustav Kost , who came from Hanover, had developed a plan for the establishment of potash mines together with the Hamburg industrial councilor Gustav Stähr and the industrialist Gustav Starke , who lived in Beienrode (Königslutter), on the basis of the geological reports, and had an influential proponent in the Gotha banker Albert Linz and financiers found.
On October 19, 1905, exploratory drilling (Deutsche Tiefbohr AG Nordhausen) began in the Menteroda corridor “Am Triftgraben”, and another drilling rig was on the road to Holzthaleben . On July 4, 1906, a depth of about 1040 m was reached and the immediately evaluated drill cores prompted Linz to request a mining officer from Ohrdruf to present samples obtained in his presence for official permission. Construction of the “Karl Eduard” shaft of the Volkenroda potash union began on August 28, 1906 , around 500 m from the outskirts of Menteroda. The place Menteroda was at this time near a railway line while the other places around Volkenroda were still underdeveloped in terms of traffic.
Even the construction of the first shaft proceeded with great technical difficulties. In June 1909, the extraction of potash could begin. A firedamp explosion triggered by crude oil and natural gas penetrating the pit led to the discovery of a crude oil deposit by today's Wintershall GmbH in 1930 . The deposit accounted for a quarter of German production in 1931. In 1951 there was another firedamp explosion in the potash and rock salt mines , which resulted in 9 deaths and 15 injuries.
Expropriated along with all other potash mines in the Soviet occupation zone in 1946 and incorporated into the Sowjetische Aktiengesellschaft (SAG) Kali, then transferred in 1949 to VVB Kali und Salz Halle (from 1956 Erfurt). After its dissolution in 1970, Volkenroda belonged to the Kombinat Kali Sondershausen , VEB Kalibetrieb Südharz-Sondershausen.
Events
The former Volkenroda monastery has become a meeting place. Seminars, retreats , concerts, exhibitions, church services and the monthly farmers', Easter and Christmas markets take place on the property . A school farm enables children and young people to come into contact with animals. Under the patronage of the Thuringian Ministry of Culture, the “JUNGE KUNST” cultural festival, which has been taking place annually since then, was set up in 2002. In the first eight years, 188 mostly young artists from 15 countries worked on the monastery grounds and exchanged experiences.
EXPO Christ Pavilion
During the EXPO 2000 in Hanover, Volkenroda became a way of life project of the Free State of Thuringia . The Christ Pavilion of the Protestant and Catholic Church at the EXPO was rebuilt in Volkenroda and has been used permanently by the Jesus Brotherhood ever since .
natural reserve
The place Volkenroda is surrounded by orchards and hedgerows . On the northern edge there are old walnut trees and the royal oak with a BHU of 9.65 m, which testifies to the former use of the Hutewald .
Pilgrimage routes
Since 2005, Volkenroda has been the start and end point of the pilgrimage between the Volkenroda monastery and the Loccum monastery near Hanover. The main path leads over the nearby Mühlhausen through the Unstruttal into Eichsfeld and connects the monasteries Reifenstein , Bursfelde , Amelungsborn and Fischbeck on the way . The monastery path in north-west Thuringia , a byway of the pilgrimage route, connects Volkenroda with the Franciscan monastery on the Hülfensberg and the Zella monastery (Diakonie facility with Romanesque church from the 11th / 12th centuries) in Eichsfeld. The monastery path combines a total of nine monasteries and monasteries between the Thuringian Basin and the Eichsfeld to form a pilgrimage. Another pilgrimage route, Via Porta , has been connecting the Cistercian convent Waldsassen with the monastery Volkenroda since May 2010 .
Personalities
- Karl August Friedrich Brückner (born May 2, 1803 in Volkenroda, † January 21, 1853 in Schweidnitz ), educator and historian.
- Ernst Moritz Karl Brückner (born January 7, 1807 in Volkenroda, † June 22, 1887 in Gotha ), lawyer and administrative officer.
- Dieter Ameling (* 1941), manager.
literature
- VEB Kalibergwerk Volkenroda (Ed.): 50 years of the Kalibergwerk Volkenroda. 1906-1956. Chronicle of the VEB Kalibergwerk Volkenrod . VEB Potash Mine Volkenroda, Mühlhausen 1956.
- Heinz Freybote: Local Chronicle Volkenroda - Municipality of Körner. sn, Mühlhausen 1994, p. 140.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Thomas Bienert: Medieval castles in Thuringia. 430 castles, castle ruins and fortifications. Wartberg Verlag, Gudensberg-Gleichen 2000, ISBN 3-86134-631-1 , p. 308.
- ↑ Michael Köhler: Thuringian castles and fortified prehistoric and early historical living spaces. Jenzig-Verlag Köhler, Jena 2001, ISBN 3-910141-43-9 , pp. 259-260.
- ^ A b Hugo Keil: History of the monastery and office of Volkenroda . In: From the Coburg-Gothaischen lands . No. 5 , 1907, ZDB -ID 309428-5 , p. 16-31 .
- ↑ Hans Patze , Peter Aufgebauer (Ed.): Handbook of the historical sites of Germany . Volume 9: Thuringia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 313). 2nd, improved and supplemented edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 1989, ISBN 3-520-31302-2 , pp. 453-454.
- ↑ Stephanie Eißing and others: Thuringia (= Handbook of German Art Monuments . ). Revision. 2nd, revised and supplemented edition. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-422-03095-6 , pp. 1270-1272.
- ^ Gerhard Günther: On the territorial development of the Mühlhausen district . In: Mühlhauser contributions . Issue 2, 1979, ZDB -ID 14566-X , p. 64-70, 127-128 .
- ↑ Marc-Stefan Andres: The miracle of Volkenroda. In: Die ZEIT 10/2002. February 28, 2002, accessed August 7, 2018 .
- ↑ a b c The prehistory of mining in the old office of Volkenroda. In: VEB Kalibergwerk Volkenroda (Ed.): 50 years of the Kalibergwerk Volkenroda. 1956, pp. 5-8.
- ^ The origins of potash mining and the Volkenroda potash mine. In: VEB Kalibergwerk Volkenroda (Ed.): 50 years of the Kalibergwerk Volkenroda. 1956, pp. 8-9.
- ^ Report on drilling activities at Menteroda and the establishment of the Volkenroda union. In: VEB Kalibergwerk Volkenroda (Ed.): 50 years of the Kalibergwerk Volkenroda. 1956, pp. 10-13.
- ^ The first 25 years from 1906 to 1931. In: VEB Kalibergwerk Volkenroda (Hrsg.): 50 years Kalibergwerk Volkenroda. 1956, pp. 13-23.
- ↑ Jörg Boenstein, Joachim Leuschner, Michael Seifert: 10 years of shaft storage in the Süpdharz potash district - experience from the perspective of planning and execution. (PDF; 80 kB).
- ↑ Jan Eik , Klaus Behling : classified. The greatest secrets of the GDR. Das Neue Berlin, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-360-01944-8 , p. 68.
- ↑ NN: 8th “JUNGE KUNST” cultural festival . In: moment. The culture magazine for the Hainichland . June 2009, ZDB -ID 2192647-5 , p. 22 .
- ↑ Annett Schödl: Jesus Brotherhood of Volkenroda Monastery . In: Anna-Maria from the Wiesche, Frank Lilie (Hrsg.): Kloster auf Evangelisch. Reports from life together . Vier-Türme-Verlag, Münsterschwarzach 2016, ISBN 978-3-89680-904-9 , pp. 27–32.
- ^ Entry in the directory of monumental oaks . Retrieved January 10, 2017
