Wola Augustowska

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Wola Augustowska (German Estherwalde ) is a former Saxon exile colony . Today it belongs to the village Giebułtów (German Gebhardsdorf ) in the rural municipality Mirsk (Friedeberg am Queis) in the powiat Lwówecki in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland . It was created in 1710 by German Bohemia.

Wola Augustowska
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Wola Augustowska (Poland)
Wola Augustowska
Wola Augustowska
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Lower Silesia
Powiat : Powiat Lwówecki
Area : (before 1945) 1.32  km²
Geographic location : 50 ° 59 '  N , 15 ° 22'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 59 '1 "  N , 15 ° 21' 34"  E
Height : 362.4 m npm
Residents : 153 (1940)



geography

Wola Augustowska is east of the village of Giebułtów , German Gebhardsdorf, in the historic Bautzener Queiskreis . The height above sea level is between 362 and 400 meters. The former border river to Silesia, the Schwarzbach, flows east of the village. The colony is divided into a ring system and an extension as a row village to the north. The exile colony was established in 1710 on the site of a Gebhardsdorf farm No. 1.

history

Estherwalde, housing stock from 1937

Estherwalde was founded in 1710 by Heinrich V. von Üchtritz and named after his daughter Esther Johanna. In 1710, the landlord sold the gardening jobs for 60 thalers with 5% annual interest, plus 20 silver groschen as annual money for hating and the like. a. Six outside people (exiles) bought positions 1 to 6. In 1716 five more positions, 31 to 35, added the place. In 1717 the house points 7 to 13. After that, Estherwalde was declared an independent municipality. At the end of the 18th century the colony expanded to the north by positions 36 to 44. Around 1710, the establishment of a lay jury with lower jurisdiction began. Exercised by a Scholz named Gottfried Kretschmar, a doctor by profession. The Kretscham was set up in house number 6, in the Gasthof Zum Goldenen Knopf . Nine local judges followed by 1874, who were also community leaders. In 1879, the village was officially assigned to the Friedeberg District Court and subordinated to the Hirschberg District Court . In 1945, after the war ended, the colony fell to Poland and was renamed Wola Augustowska. The German population was expelled.

Houses of the exiles

Houses 2 to 18 can no longer be found in their origins as colonist houses , they were built over or, like No. 9, demolished. This is probably due to the simple construction of the first settlement houses. The second generation of houses from the 18th century can still be found. House no. 20 still shows the construction of a half-timbered structure, another large farmhouse has brick window and door arches. The latter can still be found in the same way in the lower village as a former rest stop, Gustav Elsel's Gasthaus zur Grenzau, on the Grenzstrasse (Graniczna 5).

  • Estherwalde No. 20, half-timbered 18th century. East Side

  • House number 20, gable board cladding on the south side

  • Farmhouse with arches on window and Doors

  • Arch wall from the 18th century.

Exiles and Faith Problems

After the Peace of Westphalia , the regulations cuius regio eius relgio stipulated that subjects did not have to accept the denomination of the sovereign. In neighboring Lower Silesia, larger parts of the country remained Protestant. But it was different in Bohemia, the re-Catholicization pressure led to the expulsion and the migration of many Protestant Bohemians to Saxony. The exiles were admitted to the Queiskreis since 1650. In 1682 the exiles leader George Gernert the Younger brought two hundred exiles from Rochlitz an der Iser to Herr von Uechtritz . The landlord Caspar Christoph von Üchtritz ordered his serfs in his villages of Schwarzbach , Gebhardsdorf , Schwerta and Scheibe to impose high penalties if they would not accept the runaway. This is how Estherwalde came into being as an exile colony. The losses of the Thirty Years' War on the Saxon side of the Jizera Mountains were offset by immigration. The Estherwald Protestants visited the churches in Wiesa and Alt Gebhardsdorf. At the beginning of the 16th century, the indulgence dealer Johann Tetzel had the chapels in Friedeberg and Gebhardsdorf renovated with part of the money acquired for the Pope in gratitude for the good indulgence deals in the Saxony-Silesia border area. The church of St. Michael, which has now been rebuilt, served as a Protestant church after the Reformation was accepted. In 1536 the village master converted to the Protestant church. In the long term, the Saxon gentlemen benefited from the technically trained exiles. Church rules were enacted for the exercise of faith, conditioned by other advice from the Bohemians. The responsible Alt Gebhardsdorfer church decided to hold the services of the Bohemians before the morning services of the ancestral village population. Later after the population increased by exiles. Many Silesian exiles came across the border to attend church services in Saxony. Some groups of Bohemian believers led their own church life with a secret conventicle . In 1728 21 people were imprisoned in the area for this reason. For various reasons of belief, some Bohemian exiles were given reprimands: Those who refused to submit were ordered to sell their houses and move away. So 12 families, together 60 people, moved away. Those who stayed, however, promised to hold house services only with their preachers .... In the parish Gebhardsdorf after 1720 new exiles caused "disagreements". In 1740, the Bohemian church services in Gebhardsdorf and its exile colonies went out.

Inhabitants and pioneers of the colony

Tax registry of Est (h) erwalde, 19th century.
  • 1710 gardeners 1 to 6
  1. Johann Knobloch
  2. Jeremias Ressel
  3. Jeremai's autumn
  4. Tobias Apelt
  5. Elias Tooth
  6. Georg Ullmann, 1716 Gottfried Plischke
  • Positions 31 to 35 were sold in 1716
  • 1717 gardeners 7 to 13
  2. Christoph Schütze
  3. Mechior white
  4. Christian Gernert , 1722 Gottfried Gernert from Schwarzbach, descendants of Primus George Gernert, the elder from Rochlitz an der Iser
  5. Georg Neumann
  6. Christoph Herbst
  7. Christoph Kloster
  8. Christian Haulitschke
  • In 1764 150 souls lived in Estherwalde .
  • In 1799 Estherwalde owned 132 acres of land.
  • In 1841/1844 188 people lived in the village, (5 Catholic).

literature

  • Karl Pellegrini: Brief history of the Gebhardsdorf community, for the 500th anniversary of the community in 1927 , Verlag = Arthur Dreslers Buchdruckerei Friedeberg (Queis), 1927

Web link

  • Sources for Estherwalde:
  • Notes on the municipality:
  • Source on church history:

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ History of the Counter Reformation in Bohemia . In:; Member of the royal. Society of Sciences Prague (ed.): Main history since 1621 and post-history . tape 2 . Dresden and Leipzig.
  2. ^ Exiles from Rochlitz in the Jizera Mountains 1682. University of Munich, accessed on November 13, 2019 .
  3. ↑ . Th Brandin, Sup.aD: The History of Esther Walde p.22 . In: Gebhardsdorfer Gemeindeblatt . Christian Zeitschriftenverein Berlin, Alte Jakobstr. 129, Berlin November 1910.
  4. ↑ JG Knie: Alphabetical = statistical = topographical overview of the villages, towns, cities and other places of the royal. Prussia. Province Silesia . Graß, Barth et al. Com., Breslau 1845.
  5. ↑ Heimatarchiv-Lauban: Community records . Retrieved November 19, 2019 .
  6. ↑ community Esther Walde (-1945), Polish. Wola Augustowska. In: Verein für Computergenealogie. Retrieved November 22, 2019 .
  7. ↑ Lausitzer Magazin, p. 361 to 363: IV. Historical news of recent jubilees in the church of Oberlausitz, Gebhardsdorf (Estherwalde). In: Google Books. Joh. Friedrich Fickelscherer, Görlitz, 1768, accessed on November 22, 2019 .