Giebułtów
| Giebułtów | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 Help on coat of arms |
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Lower Silesia | ||
| Powiat : | Lwówek Śląski | ||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 59 ' N , 15 ° 21' E | ||
| Residents : | |||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 75 | ||
| License plate : | DLW | ||
Giebułtów (German Gebhardsdorf ) is a village in the rural municipality Mirsk (Friedeberg am Queis) in the powiat Lwówecki in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland .
geography
Giebułtów is located in the Jizera Mountains foothills , the northern foothills of the Jizera Mountains , at the confluence of the Lausitzbach and Schwarzbach rivers, three kilometers northwest of Mirsk. The place was divided into Obergebhardsdorf and Untergebhardsdorf, the two associated exile colonies are Estherwalde and Augusta. Neighboring towns are Złotniki Lubańskie (Goldentraum) in the north, Zacisze (Hartha) and Karłowiec (Karlsberg) in the northeast, Orłowice (Gräflich Ullersdorf) in the south and Świecie (Schwerta) in the northwest. Across the border with the Czech Republic, in the southwest, are Nové Město pod Smrkem (Neustadt an der Tafelfichte) , Dětřichovec (Dittersbächel) and Jindřichovice pod Smrkem (Heinersdorf an der Tafelfichte) .
history
Gebhardsdorf was probably founded in the first half of the 13th century. In old documents it was called Geppersdorf . It initially belonged to the castle district of Schwerta in the Upper Lusatian Queiskreis . From 1187 on, Gebhardsdorf was owned by the noble von Uechtritz family . It was destroyed during the Hussite Wars in 1431. In 1508/09 the well-known indulgence dealer Johann Tetzel stayed in Alt Gebhardsdorf No. 3 in the Queiskreis. He was denied entry to Silesia. Nevertheless, out of gratitude for the good indulgence deals in the border region between Saxony-Silesia, he had the chapels in Friedeberg and Gebhardsdorf renovated with part of the money he had acquired for the Pope. The church of St. Michael, which has now been rebuilt, served as a Protestant church after the Reformation was accepted. In 1536 the village master converted to the Protestant church. After the Uechtritz branch of the Schwerta family died out , the Schwerta rulership was divided into three parts. Gebhardsdorf became the seat of the lordship of the same name, which was about 15 km² in size and was on the border between Upper Lusatia and the Bohemian hereditary principality of Schweidnitz . It remained in the possession of various branches of the Uechtritz family until the 20th century.
Together with Upper Lusatia, the rule of Gebhardsdorf fell to the Evangelical Electorate of Saxony in 1635 . This led to the settlement of religious refugees from Bohemia and Silesia , for whom four settlements were created on Gebhardsdorfer Grund between 1650 and 1674 (including Neu Gebhardsdorf around 1663 and 1674 Ober Gebhardsdorf) and two more, in 1713 the Estherwaldau settlement and in 1730 the Augustthal district . The Gebhardsdorf Church has served as a refuge for the Protestant population on the other side of the border with Silesia since 1654 . In 1682 there was a lawsuit between the Bohemian rulers of Starkenbach and the Saxon rulers of Gebhardsdorf because of 200 Bohemian exiles brought to Gebhardsdorf by George Gernert . The Elector of Saxony was to lead the people back at Prague's behest. 120 exiles were brought back to Rochlitz in Bohemia.
Two markets per year were held in town. With the introduction of the Saxon stagecoaches (jouraliers), there was a transport connection to the trade fair city of Leipzig. At the time, Gebhardsdorf was given the joking nickname "Little Leipzig"; Silesian buyers bought goods from all over the world here.
In 1745, after the Battle of Hohenfriedeberg, an Austrian military corps with 13,000 men moved into the town temporarily.
After the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Gebhardsdorf fell to Prussia, along with the Queiskreis and Ostoberlausitz . It has now been the province of Silesia slammed and 1816 as an independent rural community of the newly formed district Luban in the district Liegnitz incorporated. As a result, Gebhardsdorf lost its regular annual fairs in 1816. There were also cuts in the economic development of the community. In the period that followed, around 1860, 1630 inhabitants lived on the income from the calico manufacture, the twist manufacture, the weaving mill, from the capstan maker - and from the turner's trade, agriculture and the lucrative market transactions . In 1874 the district of Gebhardsdorf was formed, which on January 1, 1908 consisted of the rural communities Gebhardsdorf, Hartha, Karlsberg and Wiesa and the estate districts Gebhardsdorf, Hartha and Wiesa. Towards the end of the Second World War, there was a satellite camp of the Groß Rosen concentration camp in Gebhardsdorf from September 1944 to January 1945 .
After the war ended, Gebhardsdorf fell to Poland in 1945 and was renamed Giebułtów . The German population was expelled. Some of the newly settled residents were forcibly evacuated from eastern Poland . 1975-1998 Giebułtów belonged to the Jelenia Góra Voivodeship .
Districts and population figures
In 1764 there was a first official census:
- Gebhardsdorf 834; Residents (Ew)
- New Gebhardsdorf; 411 Ew
- Ober Gebhardsdorf; 215 Ew
- Estherwaldau , also Est (h) erwalde; 150 Ew
The exile houses 1 to 10 were laid out as a round village, the extension with houses 11 to 42 then as a row village. Behind houses 9 and 10 was the Saxon-Silesian border, where the descendants of exiles Gernert from Rochlitz lived , under the changed name of Gerner because of the risk of being returned to Bohemia .
- Augustthal; 134 Ew
Attractions
The parish church of St. Michael was built in 1508 on the site of a church that was destroyed by the Hussites in 1431 . After the introduction of the Reformation, it served as a Protestant church, from 1654 as a refuge church . In 1703/04, due to lack of space, it was rebuilt into a rectangular hall for 2000 worshipers. The late baroque architectural main altar was created in 1735. The pulpit was created by the Löwenberg sculptor Gottfried Lincke. There are numerous epitaphs from the 17th to 19th centuries on the south facade. Since the transition to Poland in 1945, the church has again served as a Catholic church. The two-storey galleries with paintings from 1714 were removed in 1963 during renovation work.
The Gebhardsdorf Castle was built by Christoph von Uechtritz in the 18th century. Modifications and restorations took place in the 19th and early 20th centuries. After 1945 it was left to decay.
The indulgence preacher and salesman Johann Tetzel stayed in Alt Gebhardsdorf No. 3 from 1508 to 1509. Out of gratitude for his good business, he had the Gebhardsdorf chapel renovated.
Personalities
- Johann Tetzel (1465–1519), Dominican, preacher of indulgence, worked in Gebhardsdorf
- George Gernert (1630–1693), leader of exiles, Bohemian court chief and village judge
- Paul Hubrich (1869–1948), German sculptor
literature
- Hugo Weczerka (Hrsg.): Handbook of the historical places . Volume: Silesia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 316). Kröner, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-520-31601-3 , pp. 107 and 424, pp. 114, 424 and 498.
- Dehio Handbook of Art Monuments in Poland Silesia . Munich • Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-422-03109-X , pp. 287f.
- Johann Gottlieb Nischke, Das Markgrafthum Ober = Lausitz, Königlich Preußischen Antheils, in historical, statistical and topographical terms, published by Freunde der Vaterlandskunde, self-published publishing house and commissioned by G. Köhlersche Buchhandlung in Görlitz and Lauban, 1861.
Web links
- Historical and current recordings as well as geographical location
- Historia Giebułtowa on the Mirsk website (Polish)
Individual evidence
- ^ Extract from the castle archive
- ↑ Brief history of the Gebhardsdorf community, 1927 by Karl Pellegrini, Buchdruckerei Arthur Dresler Friedeberg (Queis) page 13/14
- ↑ Lauban district
- ^ Gebhardsdorf district
- ↑ Andrea Rudorff: Women in the subcamps of the Groß-Rosen concentration camp . Metropol Verlag, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-86331-162-9 .
- ↑ Brief history of the Gebhardsdorf community, 1927 by Karl Pellegrini, Buchdruckerei Arthur Dresler Friedeberg (Queis), page 10