Tandem drive
The tandem drive , even Düwag mono motor drive, longitudinal motor drive or tandem chassis called, is a special motor arrangement in the bogie , especially tram - railcars . The technology was developed by Duewag (Düsseldorfer Waggonfabrik) in Düsseldorf and could be delivered in 1952. From 1954 it was used in almost all new tram vehicles.
History and technology
Until around 1950, the pawl bearing drive was the most common type of drive in tram vehicles. A separate drive motor was required for each driven axle . The four-axle open- plan cars with bogies therefore required two drives per bogie and thus four motors in total, which made such vehicles comparatively expensive. In addition, the leading wheelset tends to skid due to the dynamic axle relief . Up until the 1920s, vehicle manufacturers therefore preferred to use cheaper maximum bogies in which only one axle was driven, but still more than 50% of the vehicle's friction mass was available. Their main disadvantages, however, are the poorer running properties compared to bogies of the standard design and the tendency of the leading, lightly loaded wheelset to derail.
After the Second World War , the Düwag company developed the so-called tandem drive, in which both axles of the bogie are driven by a motor. The motor is arranged in the bogie in the longitudinal direction and is elastically supported by hollow shafts on both axles of the bogie. Angle gears are located on both hollow shafts , via which they are evenly driven. The advantage is that only one motor is required, but both axles can be driven. Due to the elastic support of the hollow shafts, tandem drives are completely cushioned in contrast to the bracket bearing arrangement. Compared to earlier tram vehicles, the vehicles from Duewag equipped with the tandem drive have a much better acceleration. The coupled drive of both axles also reduced the tendency to skid, which is a problem that occurs more often with single-axle drives, especially with tram cars, due to changing track conditions, for example in the flat groove area at switches and crossings. The disadvantage is that the tandem drive, like any group drive, is dependent on the most even possible wear of the wheel tires and good care and maintenance of the tracks.
commitment
From 1954, the company equipped its Duewag open- plan cars, which had initially been delivered with conventional bogies since 1951, with the new drive. The Duewag articulated wagons that followed from 1956 were also given tandem drives. Only a few companies, such as the Vestische trams or the Kiel tram, ordered Duewag large-capacity and articulated multiple units with other drives, such as the paw- bearing motors or the Sécheron lamella drive. The tandem drive was also used in newer vehicle types such as the Mannheim type , the type B light rail vehicle or the M / N light rail vehicle.
Licensed buildings
Other manufacturers also used the drive under license, such as MAN for the MAN T4 on the Nuremberg tram . The Austrian rail vehicle manufacturers Lohner and Simmering-Graz-Pauker (SGP), today Siemens Mobility, used the tanden drive in all tram cars built for Austria under the Duewag license. It was used in the series C 1 , E , E 1 , E 2 of the Viennese tram, the series E 6 of the Wiener Stadtbahn and the series 100 multiple units of the Wiener Lokalbahn . The railcars built for Linz , Gmunden , Innsbruck and Graz were also equipped with this drive. Likewise, the railcars of the Salzburg local railway (similar to type U 3 Frankfurt) and the Viennese underground railcars type U were built with tandem drive.
Particularly noteworthy is the diesel-electric narrow-gauge railcar VT 31-35 for 760mm gauge developed by the Steiermärkische Landesbahnen and the Knotz company , which took over many elements from tram construction and is also equipped with tandem drive. The ÖBB ordered this railcar as class 5090, the Zillertalbahn bought vehicles that were similar in appearance.
Todays situation
In the case of completely low-floor railcars, on the other hand, bogies are usually dispensed with in favor of other running gear designs. For example , comparable drives are used in the Siemens Combino , but they are located on both sides of the bogie and each drive the idler wheels on one side. Low-floor wagons, some with high-floor design and bogies underneath, such as the MGT6D , on the other hand, also have a classic tandem drive.
literature
- Winfried Reinhardt: Local public transport - technology - legal and business fundamentals. 2nd edition, Springer Verlag, Wiesbaden, 2019 ISBN 978-3-658-22058-7 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Winfried Reinhardt: Public transport - technology - law and business basics . 2nd Edition. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, Cologne 2018, ISBN 978-3-658-22058-7 , p. 301 .
- ↑ Tw 342 of the Vestische tram ( Memento of the original from August 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
