Tram The Hague
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| Basic information | |
| Country | Netherlands |
| city | The hague |
| opening | June 25, 1864 |
| operator | Haagsche Tramweg-Maatschappij |
| Infrastructure | |
| Route length | 105 km |
| Gauge | 1435 mm ( standard gauge ) |
| Power system | 600 V DC overhead line |
| Tunnel stations | 2 |
| business | |
| Lines | 12 |
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The Hague tram is one of the major European tram networks . The operating company is the Haagsche Tramweg-Maatschappij (HTM, Haager Straßenbahngesellschaft), which also operates a large city bus network.
The track width is 1435 millimeters ( standard gauge ) and the overhead line voltage is 600 volts. Almost all terminals are equipped with turnarounds equipped so that with facility vehicles can be driven. The only exceptions are Leidsenhage (terminus of lines 2 and 19), Loosduinen (terminus of line 3) and Nootdoorp Centrum (terminus of line 15), which can only be approached by bidirectional vehicles ( RandstadRails RegioCitadis ).
history
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On June 25, 1864, the first tram in the Netherlands, a horse-drawn tram operated by the Dutch Tramway Company (DTC), ran from The Hague to the neighboring seaside resort of Scheveningen . The line electrified in 1904 is still in operation as part of Line 1 to the present day.
Two years later, on June 25, 1866, a steam tram opened from The Hague to the Hague Gate in the southern neighboring city of Delft . The route, which has been electrically operated since 1924, has been operated by the Hague tram with PCC cars since 1966 and is part of today's line 1.
As a result, two more overland lines were created, one to Voorburg in 1934 , which was also incorporated into the city network in 1966 (closed in 2011), and one via Wassenaar to the neighboring university town of Leiden in 1925 , which was closed on November 9, 1961.
The Noord-Zuid-Hollandse Vervoermaatschappij (North and South Holland Transport Company ) operated other overland routes, which opened its first route from Leiden to Haarlem in 1881 and subsequently a large network of overland trams between The Hague, Scheveningen, Leiden, Katwijk , Noordwijk , Haarlem, Zandvoort , Amsterdam , Purmerend , Edam en Volendam . The network, like many other Dutch and Belgian overland operations, was gradually shut down. The last line was the line between The Hague, Voorschoten and Leiden, which ceased operations on November 9, 1961 at the same time as the HTM line via Wassenaar .
Haagsche Tramweg-Maatschappij as the operator of urban tram lines was founded in 1887 and gradually took over the routes of the other companies.
Like many other cities of this size, The Hague also planned the construction of a light rail system ( Premetro ) with partially underground lines in the 1960s . A relic of these plans, which were soon to be abandoned, is a section of elevated railway , the Muzenviaduct on both sides of the newly built main station in 1973 . The tram viaduct runs transversely to the track axis of the station and leads through its upper floor, where a bus station is located above the platforms in addition to the tram stop . The new building for the Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and Environmental Protection on the opposite side of the street was built in the 1990s around the viaduct, and the tram runs through the building at a lofty height.
In 1994 the line to Delft was extended from the local train station to the south of the city, to the new residential area of Tanthof . With a length of 20 km, it was the longest tram line in the Netherlands until 2005 ; the one-way trip takes about an hour.
Line network
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Some lines extend far beyond the city limits. Line 1 runs from Scheveningen Beach via the city center to the south of the neighboring city of Delft . The terminus there is only around four kilometers from the terminus of the Rotterdam tram line 21 in the north of the city of Schiedam . A connection between the two networks is not planned. Lines 15 and 17 are linked to each other at the main train station (Centraal Station): an arriving line 15 continues as line 17 and vice versa.
Other suburbs with tram connections are Rijswijk , Voorburg , Leidschendam and Nootdorp . The villa suburb of Wassenaar is integrated into the intercity bus network.
| line | from | over | to |
| 1 | Scheveningen Noorderstrand Zwarte Pad | World Forum - Kalvermarkt / Stadhuis - Weteringplein - Hollandse Spoor (HS) station - Rijswijk - Delft station | Delft Abtswoudsepark |
| 2 | Kraayenstein Kraayensteinlaan | Grote Markt - Central Station (Centraal) - Ternoot - Voorburg 't Loo - Leidsenhage | Leidschendam Leidsenhage MCH Antoniushove |
| RR 3 | Loosduinen Arnold Spoelplein | Fahrenheitstraat (Noord) - Grote Markt - Central Station (Centraal) - Voorburg 't Loo - Zoetermeer Centrum West - Zoetermeer Stadhuis | Zoetermeer Center West |
| RR 4 | De Uithof | Leyenburg - Grote Markt - Central Station (Centraal) - Voorburg 't Loo - Zoetermeer Centrum West - Zoetermeer Stadhuis | Zoetermeer train station Lansingerland-Zoetermeer |
| 6th | Leyenburg | Delftselaan - Grote Markt - Central Station (Centraal) - Ternoot - Mariahoeve Station - Leidsenhage | Leidschendam Noord Dillenburgsingel |
| 9 | Scheveningen Noorderstrand Zwarte Pad | Madurodam - Central Station (Centraal) - Weteringplein - Hollandse Spoor (HS) Station - Loevesteinlaan | Vrederust De Dreef |
| 11 | Scheveningen Haven Strandweg | Statenkwartier - Delftselaan | Hollands Spoor Station (HS) |
| 12 | Duindorp Markenseplein | Fahrenheitstraat (Noord) - Delftselaan | Hollands Spoor Station (HS) |
| 15th | Centraal Station | Kalvermarkt / Stadhuis - Weteringplein - Hollandse Spoor (HS) station - Ypenburg | Nootdorp Centrum |
| 16 | Statenkwartier Van Boetzelerlaan | Kalvermarkt / Stadhuis - Weteringplein - Hollandse Spoor station (HS) - Moerwijk station - Loevesteinlaan | Wateringen Dorpskade |
| 17th | Centraal Station | Central station (Centraal) - Hollandse Spoor (HS) station - Rijswijk station | Wateringen Dorpskade |
| RR 19 | Delft train station | Leidschenveen - Leidsenhage | Leidschendam Leidsenhage MCH Antoniushove |
The lines designated as RR belong to the Randstadrailnetz .
Line 5 is only served on Sundays and public holidays in summer and replaces line 15. Due to construction work, the lines in the center mostly have different routes, the normal transition from 15 to 16 in the city center does not take place. Instead, line 16 goes to Statenkwartier, line 15 runs through the city center in a loop, the end of the line being Kalvermarkt / Stadhuis. Line 17 runs - instead of to the Statenkwartier - to the Korte Voorhout street and ends there in a stump end. Line 2 was downgraded as a normal tram line after the switch to Avenio. With these vehicles, line 4 can now partially be driven in double traction in the HVZ.
vehicles
After the last copies of the once large PCC fleet (234 cars) were taken out of service in 1993 , HTM owned a completely uniform fleet of 147 articulated cars (Tw 3000) of the type GTL8. GTL stands for Gelede Tram Lang (German: articulated tram long), "8" for the number of axles on the train. The 100 1st generation trains are 28.6 m long and were built between 1981 and 1984 at the La Brugeoise et Nivelles (BN) wagon factory (now part of Bombardier Transportation ) in Bruges . The 47 vehicles of the 2nd generation measure 29.0 meters in length. They entered service in 1992 and 1993. In October 2018, 23 vehicles from the 3000 series were still in stock.
Since December 2002 there has been a bit of a change in the Hague tram, after eight TW 6000s from the Hanover Stadtbahn were acquired, but they were sold to Budapest in 2010 . Since 2006, 72 vehicles (TW 4000) of the RegioCitadis type have been in use on the lines of the RandstadRail regional light rail (3 and 4) .
In November 2011, HTM Personenvervoer ordered 40 four-part vehicles of the Siemens Avenio type , which were delivered from February 2014 with an option for a further 40 vehicles of this type (TW 5000). Half of the option was converted into a firm order worth EUR 55 million in March 2014. The 60 Avenios were delivered in 2014/2015.
In the summer, the Hague Transport Museum organizes trips with vintage vehicles on Sundays.
New buildings and planning
Tram tunnel
The largest construction project in the city in recent years was the construction of a 1250 meter long tram tunnel in the city center. The Grote Marktstraat shopping street was converted into a pedestrian zone and the tram lines running there were moved into a tunnel with two tunnel stations. Both stations - Grote Markt and Spui - were designed by the Rotterdam architect Rem Koolhaas and shine with wooden platforms and cleverly illuminated exposed concrete walls . The Spui station and the route tunnel to the market square are located below an underground car park and therefore quite below street level. Both stations have direct underground access to the neighboring department stores, on the market square there is a wide connection from the square to the underground station.
Construction began in 1996 and proceeded with great difficulty. In 1998, the massive infiltration of groundwater into the tunnel construction site led to the collapse of the street surface of the Kalvermarkt . To prevent the tunnel from collapsing and damage to the neighboring buildings, the entire construction site was first flooded. The rest of the construction work was carried out under overpressure, which, however, did not prevent further minor water ingress. The accidents caused the construction costs to rise from the originally planned 139 million to 234 million euros and delayed completion by four years. The tunnel finally opened on October 16, 2004 and is used by RandstadRail lines 2, 3 and 4 and tram line 6.
Development of new residential areas
The Dutch government is promoting the construction of new, large residential areas in the immediate vicinity of the four largest cities in the country. This policy, recorded in the VINEX program, includes the connection of these residential areas by rail transport.
In the Hague region, too , several new residential areas of the VINEX program have been built since the 1990s, which prompted the construction of new routes for the Hague tram. The new lines 15, 17 and 19 were created to develop the new residential areas of Nootdorp , Wateringse Veld and Ypenburg . At the end of 2007, line 16 was branched off at Melis Stokelaan, which also leads to the new Wateringse Veld residential area . The new line 19 has been running since July 2010 from Delft via Ypenburg and Leidschenveen to Leidschendam .
RandstadRail
The Randstadrail is an inter-city light rail network, the first sections of which connect The Hague, Rotterdam and Zoetermeer. The following four lines are currently in operation:
- E Den Haag Centraal - Pijnacker - Rotterdam Centraal - Rotterdam Slinge
- 3 Den Haag Loosduinen - Den Haag Centraal - Zoetermeer Voorweg (Laag = below) - Zoetermeer Centrum West - Zoetermeer Ringbahn: Counterclockwise: Zoetermeer Voorweg (Hoog = above) - Zoetermeer / Driemanspolder station - Zoetermeer Centrum West
- 4 Den Haag De Uithof - Den Haag Centraal - Zoetermeer Voorweg (Laag) - Zoetermeer Centrum-West - Zoetermeer Javalaan - Lansingerland-Zoetermeer station
- 19 Leidschendam Leidsenhage - Ypenburg - Delft train station
The main components of the Randstadrail network are the former Hofpleinlijn (The Hague - Pijnacker - Rotterdam-Hofplein) and Zoetermeer Stadslijn (The Hague Centraal - Zoetermeer). These were converted from railroad lines to modern light rail vehicles, whereby the pretzel loop ( krakeling ) in Zoetermeer is still used by line 3 today, but the trains now end in Zoetermeer Centrum West, while the railways previously returned without ending anywhere after driving the pretzel drove to The Hague. In addition, a new branch line from Brezel to Javalaan was opened, which is served by line 4. Low -floor RegioCitadis are used on these lines .
The route to Rotterdam - Hofpleinlijn - on the other hand, has been upgraded to a train similar to a rapid transit system, as the route is connected to the (high-floor) Rotterdam subway network . The route is from the line E u. a. served by Flexity Swift trains.
In addition to these railway lines, the The Hague tram has an important position, because the line to Zoetermeer is operated as an extension of the former tram lines 3 and 4. Line 2 also belonged to RandstadRail for a few years, but is again a normal tram line.
The bus route 170 from Zoetermeer to Rodenrijs is also known as the Randstad rail line as the missing leg in the triangular network.
The maximum speed on the Hague tram network is 65 km / h. Only from Den Haag Centraal, where the Randstadrail lines branch off from The Hague's tram network and run on their own crossing-free route, does the maximum speed increase. It is between Den Haag Centraal and Rotterdam Melanchtonweg at 100 km / h. However, the vehicles on lines 2 and 6, which also use the Randstadrail in sections, can reach speeds of up to 65 km / h due to their design. For metro line E, the maximum speed at the Rotterdam Melanchtonweg station is reduced to the 75 km / h permitted in the Rotterdam metro network.
Transport Museum
In 1989 the Hague Museum of Public Transport Haags Openbaar Vervoer Museum (HOVM) was opened. It is located in a listed Frans Halsstraat tram depot, built in 1906 and closed since 1983, in the south-west of the city center. It exhibits historic Hague trams and buses and organizes special trips with old vehicles.
Web links
- Hague Tram Company website (Dutch, German, English)
- RandstadRail In: urbanrail.net (Dutch)
- Transport Museum website (Dutch)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Blickpunkt Tram 6/2018, p. 156.
- ↑ Railway Gazette of 13 March 2014 (English). Retrieved on April 19, 2014
