Haarlem

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Municipality of Haarlem
Flag of the municipality of Haarlem
flag 		Coat of arms of the municipality of Haarlem
coat of arms
province  North Holland
Mayor Jos Wienen ( CDA )
seat of the municipality Haarlem
Area
 - land
 - water 		32.09km2  29.17km2 2.92km2
_ _
_ _
CBS code 0392
resident 162,549 (Jan 1, 2021)
population density 5065 inhabitants/km 2
coordinates 52° 23′  N , 4° 38′  E Coordinates: 52° 23′  N , 4° 38′  E
Important traffic route A9 A200 N200 N205 N208 N232
prefix 023
zip codes 2011-2063
site Haarlem website
LocatieHaarlem.png
Template: Infobox Location in The Netherlands/Maintenance/Map
Aerial view of Haarlem
Aerial view of HaarlemTemplate: Infobox Location in the Netherlands/Maintenance/Image1
City map Haarlem

Haarlem ( listen ? / i ) is a city in the Kennemerland -South region and the capital of the province of North Holland , Netherlands . The city lies on the Spaarne River , which has earned it the nickname Spaarnestad . The municipality of Haarlem has a population of 162,549 (1 January 2021, CBS ) and is the seat of two Catholic bishops, one from the Old Catholic Diocese of Haarlem and one from the Roman Catholic Diocese of Haarlem-Amsterdam .

geography

Haarlem is on the north-western edge of the Randstad . The municipality borders, clockwise, with the municipalities of Velsen , Haarlemmermeer , Heemstede and Bloemendaal . To the east are Amsterdam (19 km) and Schiphol Airport (13 km). The ports of IJmuiden are to the north and the North Sea coast is about 7 km west of Haarlem.

The city has an important regional function. Their primary service area is the northern part of South Holland , Bollenstreek, Zuid-Kennermerland, IJmond and part of the Haarlemmermeer .

The municipality of Haarlem is divided into five districts , nine quarters and forty so-called "buurten", which means neighborhoods.

story

Haarlem originated as a geest settlement on the Spaarne and developed on the connecting route from south to north. The city became the residence of the Counts of Holland . Count William II of Holland granted Haarlem city ​​rights in 1245 . A contingent of the citizens of Haarlem had taken part in the Fifth Crusade with several ships earlier in the century, 1217–1219, under Count Wilhelm I. For this reason, a sword and a cross can still be found in the city coat of arms, which are intended to commemorate the legendary glorified achievements of these Haarlem crusaders during the siege of Damietta in Egypt (1218).

In 1429 the town received customs rights . The late medieval Haarlem knew textile manufacture, shipbuilding and many breweries. The wealth came to an end through a civil war similar to the German Bundschuh uprising called "Hoeker und Kabeljau-Streit" (Hoekse en Kabeljauwse Twisten) and the uprising of the cheesemakers and bakers (Kaas- en Broodvolk) . In 1573 the fortress fell after a month-long Spanish siege by Don Fadrique (son of the well-known Duke of Alba ). After the Treaty of Veere , the Spanish withdrew in 1577 after Protestants and Catholics were given equal rights. Flemish and French immigrants brought the city a new heyday (linen weaving, as in Leiden ).

In 1658 the Dutchman Petrus Stuyvesant founded Nieuw Haarlem on the east coast of North America. Later, Nieuw-Haarlem became part of the City of New York as the district of Harlem .

The Great Market in Haarlem by Gerrit Adrianszoon Berckheyde (1698)
Grote Markt and Grote Kerk
City Hall (Stadhuis)
New Church
Haarlem Philharmonic
Windmill De Adriaan
Gravestenebrug
Canal: de Nieuwe Gracht
Weighhouse and Church (de Sint Bavokerk)

In the 19th century the city fortifications were torn down and designed as a park. In 1839 the first Dutch train ran between Haarlem and Amsterdam .

In 1927 the municipality of Schoten was incorporated. Parts of the municipalities of Bloemendaal , Haarlemmerliede en Spaarnwoude and Heemstede were also incorporated. Thus, Haarlem became the fifth largest city in the Netherlands after Amsterdam, Rotterdam , The Hague and Utrecht .

After the invention of the printing press , in the early days of which Laurens Janszoon Coster from Haarlem played an important role, Haarlem gained a lasting reputation as a printing city. The oldest daily newspaper is still printed in Haarlem. In 1656 de Oprechte Haerlemse Courant appeared for the first time , which today operates under the name Haarlems Dagblad . The Johan Enschedé company is a well-known specialty printer that also prints abroad, e.g. manufactures banknotes and identification documents. Added to this is the tradition as a city of writers.

religion

The largest place of worship in the city is the Grote Kerk called St. Bavo's Church . In 1578 the Reformation was introduced at this church, today it is a Protestant-United parish church.

A few years after the Utrecht cathedral chapter had elected a first archbishop of the Old Catholic Church in its own right, Hieronymus de Bock became the first Old Catholic bishop of Haarlem in 1742 . Since then, the Diocese of Haarlem has been one of the three dioceses of the Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands . Cathedral is the Church of St. Anne and Mary .

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Haarlem was established on March 5, 1853. On January 1, 2009 it received the new name Bistum Haarlem-Amsterdam . Episcopal church is St. Bavo's Cathedral .

sights and culture

Attractions

Museums

politics

Mayor

From 2006, Bernt Schneiders (born April 2, 1959) was mayor of the PvdA . On September 21, 2016, Jos Wienen ( CDA ) succeeded him in this office.

Allocation of seats in the municipal council

Local elections 2018
 %
20
10
0
19.9
13.5
13.0
12.4
10.1
6.3
5.9
4.6
4.0
3.9
OPH
AP
JH
gains and losses
compared to 2014
 % p
 10
   8th
   6
   4
   2
   0
  -2
  -4
  -6
  -8th
+8.6
−0.7
+1.0
−7.6
+0.6
−4.5
+3.7
−1.5
−1.1
+3.9
OPH
AP
JH

The municipal elections of March 21, 2018 resulted in the following distribution of seats:

Political party seats
2002 2006 2010 2014 2018
GroenLinks 5 4 7 5 9
PvdA 8th 11 7 6 6
VVD 7 7 5 5 5
D66 3 2 8th 9 5
CDA 6 4 3 4 4
SP 2 7 5 4 2
TROTS — — 1 1 2
Ouderen Partij Haarlem — 1 2 2 2
Sharepartij — 1 1 2 1
Jouw Haarlem — — — — 1
Hard before Haarlem — — — — 1
ChristenUnie — — 0 1 1
Haarlem Plus — — — 0 —
Social Local — — — 0 —
Partij for the youth — — — 0 —
Ouderen Politiek Actiev — — — 0 —
Forza! Haarlem — — 0 — —
Partij Sparnestad — 1 0 — —
Partij Moeder CAO — — 0 — —
ChristenUnie / SGP 1 1 — — —
Liberal Haarlem — 0 — — —
Haarlem 2006 (Uw Toekomst) — 0 — — —
POE partij — 0 — — —
Stadspartij/Leefbaar Haarlem 7 — — — —
De Groenen 0 — — — —
Realists 2000 0 — — — —
total 39 39 39 39 39

town twinning

Haarlem has twinned towns with Osnabrück (since 1961) and Angers in western France (since 1964).

sons and daughters of the town

web links

Commons : Haarlem  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Harlem in the Topographia Circuli Burgundici (Mathäus Merian)  - sources and full texts
Wikivoyage: Haarlem  - Travel Guide

itemizations

  1. ↑ Population development; regio per maand . In: StatLine . Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek , 10 March 2021 (Dutch).
  2. ↑ Cf. FWJ Koorn: De Haarlemmers en hun rijke verleden In: Ach lieve tijd: 750 jaar Haarlem . Vrieseborch, Haarlem 1984, ISBN 978-90-6630-035-4 , pp. 8, 34.
  3. ↑ Local election result , retrieved 4 May 2018 (Dutch)
  4. ^ Allocation of seats in the municipal council: 2002 2006 2010 2014–2018 , retrieved 4 May 2018 (Dutch)
  5. ↑ Stedenbanden Gemeente Haarlem, accessed 4 May 2018 (Dutch)