Maarten van Heemskerck

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Maarten van Heemskerck, Self-Portrait with the Colosseum , 1553

Maarten van Heemskerck (* 1498 in Heemskerk ; † October 1, 1574 in Haarlem ; actually Maerten Jacobszoon , also Martin [us] van Heemskerck, son of Jacob Wilhelmsz. Van Veen ) was a Dutch painter , draftsman and designer of prints from the late Renaissance .

Act

Years of apprenticeship

Against the wishes of his father Jacob Willemsz. van Veen, a landowner, went to Maarten van Heemskerck in Haarlem with Cornelis Willemsz. into teaching. Later he was an apprentice in the Jan Lucasz workshop. in Delft . Maarten probably went back to Haarlem around 1527 to work in the workshop of Jan van Scorels , who under Hadrian VI . Was inspector of the papal art collections and was there between 1527 and 1530. The work in van Scorel's workshop was so decisive for Maarten's painting style of that time that some paintings attributed to Jan van Scorel could be identified as works by Maarten van Heemskerck. Until 1532 he worked for the church bailiff Pieter Jansz. Foppesz., Whom he portrayed with his family in the so-called Kassel portrait .

Portrait of the Pieter Jansz family . Foppesz ., 1530s, today in the Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister in Kassel.

Journey to Italy, 1532–1536 / 37

St. Peter's Basilica under construction, 1536

In 1532 he embarked on a journey that first took him to various cities in northern Italy and finally to Rome, where he met Cardinal William von Enckenvoirt , a confidante of the Dutch Pope Hadrian VI , with a letter of recommendation from Van Scorels . , could introduce. Because of his skill as a painter and his quick way of working, he quickly received orders from the studios of leading Roman artists. Among other things, he worked with Antonio da Sangallo d. J., Battista Franco and Francesco de 'Rossi on the design of the Porta San Sebastiano in Rome as a triumphal arch in honor of the arrival of Charles V on April 5, 1536 in Rome. During his stay, he made a large number of drawings of ancient Roman sculptures and other relics as well as of ancient and contemporary architecture, some of which were later reproduced and distributed as copper engravings. The so-called Roman sketchbooks , which are kept in the Kupferstichkabinett in Berlin, have been preserved. Because of the level of detail in his drawings, which today are attributed to Maarten van Heemskerck and two other unknown artists (so-called Anonymus A and Anonymus B ), the Roman sketchbooks are an important source for art and history, and especially for the history of the building of St. Peter's Basilica . Van Heemskerck then used his sketch material as the basis for his numerous profane and sacred depictions. Maarten van Heemskerck is considered to be the founder of the topographical Romvedute .

Return to Haarlem

After his return to Haarlem, Maarten received mainly church commissions, not only for altarpieces and other paintings, but also for the design of tapestries and glass windows. From 1540 to 1542 he was married to Marie Jacobs Coning's daughter from Haarlem; she died in childbed. He also became a leading member of the Haarlem Guild of St Luke , the guild of painters. In addition, he was church master of St. Bavo Church in Haarlem from 1553 until his death in 1574 .

Graphic work

During his time in Haarlem he created an extensive oeuvre of copperplate engravings, which v. a. shows his intensive engagement with humanistic and antiquarian topics. For this he worked with renowned publishers such as Philips Galle and Dirck Volkertsz. Coornhert and humanists like Hadrianus Junius . Among the more than 800 designs, numerous series were published several times until the 17th century. The most important series in its aftermath is the series of the wonders of the world , Octo mundi miracula , published by Galle in 1572 , which is considered the first pictorial representation of the ancient wonders of the world in modern times and until Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach's series dominated the pictorial tradition.

Triptych in Linköping Cathedral

Works (selection)

Vulkan shows the gods Venus and Mars trapped in his net , around 1540, Kunsthistorisches Museum , Vienna

literature

  • Tatjana Bartsch, Maarten van Heemskerck. Roman studies between objectivity and imagination . Munich, Deutscher Kunstverlag 2019 (Roman Studies from the Bibliotheca Hertziana, vol. 44).
  • Arthur J. DiFuria, Maarten van Heemskerck's Rome. Antiquity, memory, and the cult of ruins . Leiden, Brill 2019.
  • Draw Rome . Maarten van Heemskerck 1532–1536 / 37. Edited by Tatjana Bartsch and Peter Seiler. Berlin, Mann 2012. (Humboldt-Schriften zur Kunst- und Bildgeschichte, Vol. 8).
  • Ilja M. Veldman: Heemskerck, Maarten van . In: General Artists Dictionary (AKL). Volume 71, Berlin / Boston, DeGruyter 2011, p. 25.
  • Jefferson Cabell Harrison: The paintings of Maarten van Heemskerck. A catalog raisonée . Ann Arbor 1997.
  • Rainald Grosshans: Maerten van Heemskerck. The paintings . Berlin 1980.
  • Ilja M. Veldman: Maarten van Heemskerck and Dutch humanism in the sixteenth century . Maarssen 1977.

Web links

Commons : Maarten van Heemskerck  - collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Heemskerck, Maarten van
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Heemskerck, Marten van; Heemskerck, Martinus van; Heemskerk, Maarten van; Heemskerk, Marten van; Heemskerk, Martinus van; Veen, Martin van
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Dutch painter
DATE OF BIRTH 1498
PLACE OF BIRTH Heemskerk
DATE OF DEATH October 1, 1574
Place of death Haarlem