Adriaen Brouwer
Adriaen Brouwer (* 1605 or 1606 probably in Oudenaarde , Belgium ; † before February 1, 1638 in Antwerp ) was a Flemish painter.
Life
According to the current state of knowledge, very little is known about Brouwer's childhood and youth. It is assumed that Brouwer emigrated in 1621, and from 1626 Brouwer can be documented in Haarlem . Brouwer worked in Holland for at least five, probably ten years before he came to Antwerp in 1631/1632.
Brouwer stayed for some time in Holland and especially in Haarlem, where he learned from Frans Hals with Adriaen van Ostade in 1628 , and went to Antwerp around 1630, where he was accepted into the Guild of St. Luke in 1631 . Under the influence of Rubens , who valued his paintings and bought a number of them for his art collection, he developed his coloring to great luminosity and transparency or transparency. In 1633 he was imprisoned, presumably because of a political offense. From 1634 until his death in January 1638 ( Pest ) he lived with the engraver Paulus Pontius in Antwerp.
He only painted scenes from farm and pub life, peasant dances, card players, smokers, drinkers and fights, which are characterized by a great liveliness of the characteristics and a sparkling genius of the conception. During his lifetime, however, his genre paintings did not seem to have been very expensive, as he was so distressed that in 1632 his miserable household items were taken from his creditors.
Perhaps his lifestyle also contributed to the collapse of his wealth. He not only exerted a significant influence on his pupil Joos van Craesbeeck , but also on David Rijckaert , Teniers the Younger and the Dutch Adriaen van Ostade, Cornelis and Herman Saftleven .
The style of his works suggests an influence of Frans Hals, but the origins lie in the peasant pictures of Pieter Bruegel the Elder . Ä. Around 1620 this genre was largely alien to Dutch painting unless it was cultivated by Flemish artists who came to Holland. One of Brouwer's works from this period is the "Bauernfest" ( Zurich, Kunsthaus ). The colors are mostly used object-related in broken complementary contrast. The light makes the colors appear saturated, usually one or two figures are accentuated in the foreground. The composition is kept in balance by the clear outlines of the figures. Brouwer's work thus clearly stands out from that of his contemporaries. The concentration on smaller groups of figures is essentially free of mannerist composition schemes. Brouwer worked on this type of representation during his stay in Holland, as can be seen on the figures in the picture "Moerdijk farmers" (New York, Markus Collection, Scarsdale). The color scheme becomes more differentiated in favor of some leading tones. A common ocher tone bathes the figures in subdued light. In one of his works, "Gastwirt" (Munich, Alte Pinakothek ), the impression is created as if the main colors shine out of themselves. The characteristics of every light-dark painting are supported by the conveyed color qualities. After Brouwer's stay in Haarlem, fleeting painting styles and loose application of paint are the technical means of design. Rubens and Rembrandt collected Brouwer's pictures. His work again received great attention with the rise of Impressionism.
Works (selection)
- Portrait of Jan de Dood , around 1630–1640, Boijmans Van Beuningen Museum , Rotterdam
- Tavern scene , around 1624–1625, Boijmans Van Beuningen Museum, Rotterdam
- Village scene with drinkers , approx. 1631–1635, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum , Madrid
- Sleeping Peasant , mid 1630s, Wallace Collection , London
- Drinkers in the yard , Royal Museums of Fine Arts , Brussels
- The Flutist , Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Brussels
- The feeling , around 1635, Residenzgalerie , Salzburg
- Pancake Maker , circa 1625, Philadelphia Museum of Art , Philadelphia
- The Smokers or The Peasants of Moerdijk , 1627–1630, private collection
- Farmers playing trick track , around 1635, Museum of Fine Arts , Leipzig
- Village tavern , Bredius Museum , The Hague
- The Card Players , Royal Museum of Fine Arts , Antwerp
- Two farmers , Ashmolean Museum , Oxford
- Interior view of a tavern , circa 1630, Dulwich Picture Gallery , London
- Boy Making a Face , ca 1632/1635, National Gallery of Art , Washington, DC
- Carpenters peasants in an inn , Museum of Fine Arts , Boston
- Beating Peasants , approx. 1625–1626, Mauritshuis , The Hague
- Dune landscape , 1633–1638, Academy of Fine Arts , Vienna
- Peasants quarreling in an inn , around 1630, Alte Pinakothek , Munich
- Flogging farmers , 1631–1635, Alte Pinakothek, Munich
- Peasants playing cards in a tavern , 1630–1640, Alte Pinakothek, Munich
- Dorfbadestube , around 1631, Alte Pinakothek , Munich
- Peasants drinking and smoking , 1635, Alte Pinakothek , Munich
- In the tavern , Alte Pinakothek, Munich
- Dune landscape in the moonlight , 1635–1637, Gemäldegalerie , Berlin
- The brawl , 1630–1640, Alte Pinakothek , Munich
- The bitter drink , 1630–1640, Städelsches Kunstinstitut , Frankfurt am Main
- The slaughter festival, 1630–1640, State Museums , Schwerin
- Peasants' tussling while playing dice , 1630–1640, Old Masters Picture Gallery , Dresden
- Peasants' tussling while playing cards , 1630–1640, Old Masters Picture Gallery , Dresden
- Unpleasant Fatherly Duties , Old Masters Picture Gallery, Dresden
- The Smokers , around 1636, Metropolitan Museum of Art , New York
- Farmer with a Bird , Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
- Peasant woman searching a dog for fleas , c. 1626, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
- Tavern scene , around 1635, National Gallery , London
- Four Peasants in a Cellar , circa 1630, National Gallery, London
- Singing innkeeper , Hermitage , Saint Petersburg
- Tavern scene , 1634–1638, Hermitage, Saint Petersburg
- Village charlatan , around 1625, State Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg
- Music making society , Rijksmuseum , Amsterdam
- The Drinker , Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
- The smoker , Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
- The operation on the back , Städelsches Kunstinstitut , Frankfurt am Main
literature
- Wilhelm Schmidt : The life of the painter Adrian Brouwer . Leipzig 1873 ( digitized ).
- Wilhelm Schmidt: Brouwer, Adriaen . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1876, pp. 366-368.
- F. Schmidt-Degener. Adriaen Brouwer et son évolution artistique . Brussels, 1908.
- Wilhelm von Bode : Adriaen Brouwer . Berlin, 1924.
- Erich Höhne. Adriaen Brouwer . Leipzig: VEB EA Seemann, 1960.
- Gerhard Knuttel: Adriaen Brouwer: the master and his work . The Hague: Boucher, 1962
- Ingrid Wenzkat: Adriaen Brouwer . Verlag der Kunst, Dresden 1979
- Margret Klinge: Adriaen Brouwer, David Teniers the younger . Exhibition catalog, London, New York, Maastricht: Noortman & Brod, 1982.
- Konrad Renger: Adriaen Brouwer and the Dutch peasant genre 1600–1660 . Exhibition catalog, Alte Pinakothek, Munich: Hirmer, 1986, ISBN 3-7774-4260-7 .
- Karolien de Clippel: Adriaen Brouwer, Portrait Painter: New Identifications and an Iconographic Novelty in: Simiolus. Netherlands Quarterly for the History of Art, Ed. Stichting voor Nederlandse Kunsthistorische Publicaties, Vol. 30 (2003), No. 3/4, pp. 196-216. JSTOR 3780916
Web links
- Literature by and about Adriaen Brouwer in the catalog of the German National Library
- Works by Adriaen Brouwer at Zeno.org .
- Adriaen Brouwer at artcyclopedia.com (engl.)
- Web Gallery of Art
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Brouwer, Adriaen |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Flemish painter |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1605 or 1606 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Oudenaarde , Belgium |
| DATE OF DEATH | before February 1, 1638 |
| Place of death | Antwerp |