Exposed concrete

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Zurich Altstetten train station
complex shapes: high-rise to palm tree
The architect Tadao Andō is considered to be outstanding in the use of exposed concrete
Fair-faced concrete wood construction in a single-family house
phæno Wolfsburg
Goetheanum in Dornach

Fair-faced concrete is concrete that is not plastered or faced and the visible surfaces of which mostly fulfill design functions.

history

In church construction, reinforced concrete was first used on a large scale as exposed concrete at the end of the 1900s at the Luther Church in Bad Steben and the Ulm Pauluskirche . The Freiburg construction company Brenzinger & Cie. From 1929, under the architect Carl Anton Meckel, he was one of the first to build the St. Konrad Church with a façade made of exposed concrete.

The second Goetheanum was built in Dornach from 1925 to 1928 as a reinforced concrete structure with an exposed concrete facade . The Antoniuskirche in Basel was built between 1925 and 1927 as the first pure concrete church in Switzerland by the Zurich architecture professor Karl Moser and the construction company G. Doppler und Sohn in exposed concrete. The building has been a listed building since 1987 and had to be extensively restored between 1981 and 1991 due to weathering damage.

Le Corbusier's famous pilgrimage church Notre-Dame-du-Haut de Ronchamp was built in exposed concrete in 1955 and is now also a place of pilgrimage for art historians and architecture students.

use

Normally this means a type of concreting that emphasizes the selected structure of a formwork . Layers close to the surface are made with particularly fine concrete, which, due to its flowability and delicacy, can reproduce the geometry and surface of its former formwork boundary well. Variously designed flat materials are used for the formwork for the exposed concrete, wave patterns, sawtooth profiles and others.

Artistic techniques also make use of exposed concrete; Working with exposed concrete is a special form of sculpture . Often exposed concrete is combined with wood, as both materials complement each other well.

However, in the simple case, the bridge pillar of the motorway, for which no special "cosmetic" requirements are made, but for which the motorway authorities demand fair-faced concrete quality, is fair-faced concrete, as it is usually unplastered and uncovered: the surfaces -Structures of the shuttering panels and timbers can often be seen well in the concrete surface.

Classes

In the leaflet fair-faced concrete from the German Concrete and Construction Technology Association, there are four fair-faced concrete classes. The requirements for exposed concrete surfaces are defined according to these classes. These concern the formlining (texture), construction and formlining joints as well as the porosity, uniformity of color and evenness of the concrete. In addition, requirements with regard to a test area and the formlining class are assigned to the exposed concrete classes.

Contex process

In the early decades of the 20th century, the first exposed concrete surfaces were used for exterior construction, such as Michael Rosenauer's Dorotheum-Fünfhaus in Vienna or Hermann Reinhard Alker's Altes Stadion in Karlsruhe . The in-situ concrete surface was processed using the Contex process developed in the USA (derived from the word concrete-texture ). The so-called Contex process is a surface treatment in which the coarse-grained concrete is treated with a "varnish-like paint" so that the outermost cement-sand mixture is removed over a large area by brushing and washing in order to better bring out the aggregates. It is a forerunner of the precast exposed aggregate concrete elements that were mainly used in the 1960s and 1970s .

conditions Exposed concrete class example
low SB 1 Basement walls or areas with predominantly commercial use
normal SB 2 Stairwells, retaining walls
especially SB 3 Facades in building construction
especially high SB 4 representative components in building construction

See also

literature

  • Geraldine Buchenau: Concrete and its growing role in the preservation of monuments. Part 3: Over 100 years of exposed concrete in building construction in Baden-Württemberg, in: Preservation of monuments in Baden-Württemberg, 46.2017 / 4, pp. 306-310.
  • Geraldine Buchenau: on the history of concrete buildings, in: Denkmalpflege, 77.2019 / 1, pp. 75–76.
  • Joachim Schulz: Fair-faced concrete - Atlas. Planning - execution - examples. Vieweg + Teubner, Wiesbaden 2009, ISBN 978-3-8348-0261-3 .
  • Joachim Schulz: Fair-faced concrete - planning (commentary on DIN 18217 concrete surfaces and formwork skin). Vieweg + Teubner, Wiesbaden 2006, ISBN 978-3-8348-0203-3 .
  • Joachim Schulz: Fair-faced concrete - defects (expert classification, removal of defects, concrete repair). Vieweg + Teubner, Wiesbaden 2004, ISBN 978-3-528-01761-3 .
  • opus C - planning & designing with concrete . Trade journal for exposed concrete
  • Joachim Schulz: Handbook of exposed concrete. Assessment + acceptance . Bau + Technik, Erkrath 2010, ISBN 978-3-7640-0531-3 .
  • Angela Weyer, Pilar Roig Picazo, Daniel Pop, JoAnn Cassar, Aysun Özköse, Jean-Marc Vallet, Ivan Srša (Eds.): EwaGlos, European Illustrated Glossary Of Conservation Terms For Wall Paintings And Architectural Surfaces . English Definitions with translations into Bulgarian, Croatian, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Polish, Romanian, Spanish and Turkish. (=  Series of publications by the Hornemann Institute . Volume 17). Michael Imhof, Petersberg 2015, ISBN 978-3-7319-0260-7 , p. 46 ( elearn.hawk-hhg.de ).

Web links

Commons : exposed concrete facades  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Günther Döring: The Luther Church in Bad Steben. In: The presidential building of the government of Upper Franconia and its epoch . Hanns Michael Scholler, Bayreuth 2006, ISBN 3-00-017544-X
  2. ↑ Werner Wolf-Holzäpfel: The architect Max Meckel 1847-1910. Studies on the architecture and church building of historicism in Germany. Josef Fink, Lindenberg 2000, ISBN 3-933784-62-X , p. 257 f.
  3. ↑ Hans Hasler: The Goetheanum. A guided tour through the building, its surroundings and its history . Verlag am Goetheanum, Dornach 2005, ISBN 3-7235-1258-5 .
  4. ↑ More than an architectural icon . ( Memento of the original from December 30, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Art-historical tour in Basel's Antonius Church @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kirche-heute.ch
  5. ↑ according to the information sheet of the German Concrete and Structural Engineering Association E.V.
  6. ↑ cf. Geraldine Buchenau: Concrete and its growing role in the preservation of monuments. Part 3: More than 100 years of exposed concrete in building construction in Baden-Württemberg, in: Preservation of monuments in Baden-Württemberg, 46.2017 / 4, p. 310.
  7. ↑ cf. http://delibra.bg.polsl.pl/Content/15056/P-390_1927_16.pdf
  8. ↑ cf. Geraldine Buchenau: Concrete and its growing role in the preservation of monuments. Part 3: More than 100 years of exposed concrete in building construction in Baden-Württemberg, in: Preservation of monuments in Baden-Württemberg, 46.2017 / 4, p. 310.
  9. ↑ cf. https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=576a8db20b8af&location=browse
  10. ↑ cf. Geraldine Buchenau: Concrete and its growing role in the preservation of monuments. Part 3: More than 100 years of exposed concrete in building construction in Baden-Württemberg, in: Preservation of monuments in Baden-Württemberg, 46.2017 / 4, p. 310.