Plärrer (Nuremberg)
The Plärrer is a large square located southwest of the city wall and one of the most important traffic hubs in Nuremberg . It is located in the east of the Gostenhof district .
The word Plärrer (originally Plerrer ) is derived from Middle High German and comes from the so-called Plerre , which means something like "Free place". In the Middle Ages , traders who did not have a license for the markets within the city walls of Nuremberg could advertise their goods on this open space.
traffic
From the Plärrer on December 7, 1835, the Ludwigsisenbahn was the first German railway to travel to Fürth , pulled by the " Adler ". From November 13, 1881, the Plärrer was also the junction of the horse-drawn tram that went into operation on August 25 of the same year . Initially there were two, with the introduction of the electric tram in 1896 five and in the 1930s there were up to thirteen lines that served the Plärrer. The Plärrer was destroyed in the war years, but tram operations to Muggenhof were resumed on June 13, 1945 . After the completion of the network restoration, the number of lines that used the Plärrer rose again to a maximum of 13.
The underground line U1 , which went into operation in 1972 , reached the Plärrer on September 20, 1980 with the underground station of the same name , and in 1984 the U2 line started heading south-west. The elimination of tram lines associated with the construction of the subway left its mark, as of the remaining tram lines today only lines 4 and 6 run to the Plärrer. Plärrer is also the starting point for bus lines 34 in the direction of Klinikum Nord and Friedrich-Ebert-Platz as well as 36 , which runs from Plärrer in the direction of Burgstrasse and via Rathenauplatz to the documentation center , passing by most of Nuremberg's sights.
Until the construction of federal highway 4R , federal highways 2 , 4 , 8 and 14 ran through the Nuremberg city area and met at Plärrer.
History of the Plärrer and its structures
When Nuremberg came to Bavaria in 1806 and was thus able to expand beyond the city wall , which at that time still represented the city limits, the Plärrer was the first place outside the city gates to be provided with urban development. In the period from 1810 to 1830, simple two-story houses with a rather small-town appearance were built there, including an inn, which remained until the 1960s.
When the Ludwigseisenbahn from Nuremberg to Fürth opened in 1835 , the Plärrer was chosen as the starting point and a stately train station was built there (at that time still called the Eisenbahn-Hof) with operating facilities . This increased the importance of the Plärrer in Nuremberg's public life, and numerous public facilities such as the first gasworks or the first modern bathhouse in Nuremberg found their place there.
Towards the end of the 19th century, when Nuremberg had already grown significantly and the Plärrer was now more in the center of the city, the large square finally developed into the transport hub that is still known today. The perimeter development was replaced, especially on the north and west side, by representative townhouses such as the Hansa-Haus ( Fürther Straße 2) in the historicist style . A half-timbered bus shelter with a clock tower was built in 1899 for the passengers of the tram , which had been in service there since 1881, but it was soon no longer able to cope with the increasing onslaught of tram traffic.
As early as the end of the 1920s, the square was finally completely redesigned and the tram stop system was moved further from the Spittlertor to the west in order to achieve better space utilization and shorter transfer times. In this context, the so-called " Plärrer-Automat ", a futuristic waiting hall designed by the architect Walter Brugmann, was built in 1931 . The term derives from the fact installed, large snack - vending machines ( fast food restaurant down). The building, in the style of classical modernism , survived the National Socialists' campaign against modernity, but was partially destroyed during the air raids in 1945, but was restored soon after the war.
In the immediate post-war period, the traffic routes on the Plärrer were relocated, which is why the reception building of the Bavarian Ludwig Railway had to be demolished in 1951. The first new building to be erected between 1952 and 1953 was the Plärrer high- rise of the Städtische Werke, at that time the tallest office building in Bavaria at 56 meters. In 1958 the Nicolaus-Copernicus-Planetarium was built between the Volksbad and Plärrerhochhaus , also an important new building from the era of the reconstruction of Nuremberg after the Second World War (architect Wilhelm Schlegtendal ). In 1960, for the 125th anniversary of the Ludwig Railway , the replica of the Adler locomotive ran again from Plärrer with five cars on the tram route to Fürth. In the sixties and seventies, the largely war-damaged peripheral buildings of the Plärrer were rebuilt in the form of large office buildings in the simple international style .
When the subway construction began on the Plärrer from 1975, the square underwent its last major redesign and finally got its current appearance. The Plärrer machine, its significance in the history of architecture. At that time it was completely ignored, it was demolished in 1977 for the construction pit of the subway. Instead, two large, covered subway entrances were built in the typical concrete architecture of the 1970s. To loosen up the square, a fountain was created on its west side within a 55 by 60 meter loop of the tram . A water fountain up to 18 m high rises from twelve pipes from the so-called Plärrer fountain.
The forced labor memorial “Transit” has been at one of the subway entrances since 2007 .
Trivia
The in Nuremberg familiar dictum "Dou gäids jo zou wäi on Blärrer" (Beyond yes to as the Plärrer) goes back to a time when not as now prevailed car traffic in the square, but the Plärrer a commercial and trading center for Goods and news of all kinds and for this purpose a lot of people of different origins met there all day.
literature
- Wiltrud Fischer-Pache: Am Plärrer . In: Michael Diefenbacher , Rudolf Endres (Hrsg.): Stadtlexikon Nürnberg . 2nd, improved edition. W. Tümmels Verlag, Nuremberg 2000, ISBN 3-921590-69-8 ( online ).
- History for everyone e. V. (Ed.): Gostenhof, Muggenhof, Eberhardshof & Kleinweidenmühle. History of a district . Nuremberg district books 9th 1st edition. Sandberg Verlag, Nuremberg 2005, ISBN 3-930699-41-9 .
- Center for Industrial Culture (Ed.): Architektur Nürnberg 1904-1994 , Nürnberg 1994, ISBN 3-921590-21-3
- Center for Industrial Culture (ed.): Industrial Culture Trail 2 / a city history walk , Nuremberg 1985, pages 8 and 9.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Art in public space since 2000 ( Memento of March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF file). Hermann Pitz, pp. 36/37. Building Department / Building Department of the City of Nuremberg (ed.), 2014
- ^ Center for Industrial Culture (ed.): Architektur Nürnberg 1904-1994 , Nürnberg 1994, ISBN 3-921590-21-3
- ↑ Howler machine
- ↑ Peter Heigl: Adler - stations of a locomotive over the course of three centuries . Buch & Kunstverlag Oberpfalz, Amberg 2009, ISBN 978-3-935719-55-1 .
- ^ Center for Industrial Culture (ed.): Architektur Nürnberg 1904-1994 , Nürnberg 1994
Coordinates: 49 ° 26 '54 " N , 11 ° 3' 53" E